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Title:	不情願的專業主義：從普天間基地問題探討日本民主黨政權決策過程
Other Titles:	Reluctant Professionalism: The Decision Making Process of the DPJ Government on the MCAS Futenma Issue
Authors:	李世暉 Li, Shih-Hui
Contributors:	政大日本研究碩士學位學程
Keywords:	多元主義;專業主義;日本民主黨;普天間基地;決策過程 Democratic Party of Japan;Decision-making Process;Professionalism;Pluralism;Marine Corps Air Station MCAS Futenma
Date:	2012-12
Issue Date:	2013-06-07 10:41:44 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	2009年9月16日成立的日本民主黨政權，以落實其「政權公約」為政府主要的施政方針。觀察民主黨歷年的政權公約發現，日本行政體制的改革一直是該黨政權公約的主要內容，而其核心主張即是建立一「擺脫官僚依賴」的決策機制，並讓國民的多元意見能夠在此一機制內獲得反映。民主黨首任首相鳩山由紀夫，即以「脫官僚」（擺脫依賴官僚）與「市民主體」（國民意見優先）的理念思維，思考「普天間基地遷移」的議題。此一影響重大的議題有兩大重要特徵：第一，排除專業官僚的決策參與；第二，首相官邸主導決策。在9個月的決策過程中，民主黨政權內部的多元主義決策思維扮演關鍵角色，與擁有專業知識、熟習決策流程的官僚之間，呈現對抗的態勢。鳩山由紀夫排除專業官僚的結果，導致決策的挫敗，也使得繼任的菅直人與野田佳彥首相不得不重新借重官僚的專業。此一轉變，與過去民主黨政權公約的內容相左，但卻是民主黨不得不與政治現實進行的妥協方案，可稱之為「不情願的專業主義」。 After coming to power on September 16, 2009, the key priority for theDemocratic Party of Japan (DPJ) government was to enforce its manifesto, whichaimed to weaken bureaucrats and produce a more pluralistic decision makingmechanism. Based on these principles, Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama reviewedthe issue of the relocation of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma (MCAS Futenma).Two key factors were at work: first, wresting control of the decision making processfrom professional bureaucrats, and, second, giving the Cabinet Office predominancein the policy domain. During the nine-month period of the Hatoyama Cabinet,pluralist decision-making dominated, resulting in conflict with the professionalizedbureaucracy. However, exclusion of bureaucrats from decision-making led to policyfailure. As a result, the subsequent Kan and Noda premierships were forced to returnto the bureaucratic policy-making system. This change contradicted DPJ manifestoprinciples, and was regarded as a compromise in the face of political reality. This compromise might be labeled as “reluctant professionalism.”
Relation:	政治科學論叢, 54, 37-70
Data Type:	article
Appears in Collections:	[Master`s Program in Japan Studies] Periodical Articles

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