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    題名: 創新合作體系中治理機制對體系動態穩定性之影響
    The Impact of Governance Mechanism on Dynamic Stability of Innovation Collaboration Systems
    作者: 楊燕枝
    Yang, Yann Jy
    貢獻者: 吳思華
    Wu, Se Hwa
    楊燕枝
    Yang, Yann Jy
    關鍵詞: 競合
    創新合作體系
    治理機制
    動態穩定性
    質性研究
    Co-Opetition
    Innovation Collaboration Systems
    Governance Mechanism
    Dynamic Stability
    Qualitative Research
    日期: 2012
    上傳時間: 2013-04-01 14:37:00 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 面對知識經濟時代，創新成為業者合作所追求的目標之一。在以創新發展為組織合作的目標時，資源有限的中小企業與潛在競爭者合作已是漸漸無法避免的選擇。囿於創新合作體系的組成中具有潛在競爭對偶的成員，造成合作體系極易不穩定化；此外，加以成員自主性高，體系結構更較一般聯盟來得鬆散。因此，創新合作體系的組織間治理更需精心設計。
    本論文針對創新合作體系的本質限制與發展目標考量，經文獻回顧與演繹後，獲得關係治理、知識治理、創新治理等三構面作為治理機制所需著眼設計的重點。其中，為了避免競爭發生造成體系解散，維持競合平衡(Co-Opetition Balance)為關係治理的重點，此外，利益分配資訊的透明化為避免紛爭的要項。知識治理則為促進體系成員能力的成長，為了提升生產效率與創新能耐，組織間學習可促進體系內部的知識流動。在創新治理上，塑造競爭張力、促進創新擴散、管理創新專佔為體系處理創新時所需注意的要項。競爭張力可促使成員追求差異化發展，藉由體系資源的分配來刺激成員發展自己的競爭優勢；促進創新擴散可提高創新收益的速率與降低創新市場的不確定性；管理創新專佔可避免成員隱瞞自有的創新表現。可藉由上述三構面的治理要項來促進體系整體價值與成員私有價值創造，以提高體系的穩定發展。此外，為了克服外在變因對體系發展造成不可抑制的傷害，藉由成員具高附加性價值的創新表現來尋獲體系的下一階段合作目標，此為體系維持動態穩定發展的關鍵因素。因此，在價值分配階段管理創新專佔、利益公平分配機制更需值得深思。
    本研究採質性研究方式，研究標的為台灣玻璃團隊，藉由針對超過20次的深度訪談，以及文獻資料、產業報告、專題報導等次級資料的分析，從體系領導者、核心廠商、外圍合作廠商、體系外廠商、業界其他廠商、產業專家等不同角度，分析治理機制對於體系動態穩定性的影響。
    本研究發現，創新合作體系治理機制的核心為關係治理、知識治理與創新治理，良善的治理機制有助於動態穩定性的提升與創新能耐的建立，要降低不穩定性，可由矛盾張力與結構鬆耦合的角度出發，要提升動態穩定性，則可由價值創造、利益公平分配、創新專佔等方向著手。另外，從組織學習、競爭張力、創新擴散出發，佐以前瞻科技展館的設立，將有助於維持與建立創新能耐。本研究以實際的個案，說明了競合的策略心智模式在產業運作上確實存在，這可作為未來進一步建構競合策略的理論基礎的實證佐證，而透由釐清創新合作體系的治理機制對於體系動態穩定性的影響，可進一步協助產業實務工作者解構合作體系永續發展的關鍵。
    Facing the era of knowledge economy, innovation has become one of the industry cooperation in the pursuit of goals. Collaboration with potential competitors for limited resources of SMEs has not been avoided gradually. Confined to the composition of the innovative collaboration systems with potential competitive dual members, resulting in the cooperative system vulnerable to instability; addition, due to the high autonomy of members, the structure is more loose than the normal alliances. Therefore, the governance mechanism of the innovation collaboration systems should be carefully designed.
    This dissertation asserts that three dimensions of governance mechanism -relationship governance, knowledge governance, and innovation governance- are critical for innovation collaboration systems, conferred the nature and developing goals of innovation collaboration systems by the literature review and deduction. Which, in order to avoid competing action causing system dissolution, co-opetition balance is the main point in the relationship governance, and the transparency of benefits distribution can reduce the probability of dispute. The knowledge governance promotes the competence of the members, in order to improve production efficiency and innovation competence. Inter-organizational learning speeds knowledge flows within the system. Shaping the competitive tension in the innovation, promoting the innovation diffusion, and managing innovation appropriability are the main contents of innovation governance. Competitive tension prompted members to pursue themselves diverseness and competitive advantage; innovation diffusion can speed the turn ration of innovation revenue and reduce the uncertainties of the innovation markets; the innovation approbalility can avoid members conceal its own innovation performance. The above three governance dimensions step up the collective value created by the whole systems and the additive value created by members themselves, and improve the stability for the system developing. It is a critical factor to overcome the damage causing by exogenous variables by using members’ innovation with high added value as the next stage of cooperation objectives of the system, and it is also a key factor in maintaining the dynamic stability of the system.
    This study used a qualitative research, which the study subject is Taiwan Glass team. The research data are from more than 20 in-depth interviews, as well as literature, industry reports, special reports and other secondary data. It is analyzing in many points of views, such as system leader, core manufacturers, peripheral different perspectives of partners outside the system vendors, other vendors in the industry, industry experts, to verify the influence of governance on system dynamic stability.
    目 錄 I
    圖 目 錄 VI
    表 目 錄 VII
    第一章 緒論 1
    第一節 研究背景 1
    壹、知識經濟時代下的合作需求 1
    貳、創新合作體系的發展阻礙 2
    參、合作與競爭並存的新型態合作模式 3
    第二節 研究目的 7
    壹、探討創新合作體系與常見合作體系的差異 7
    貳、創新合作體中治理機制對穩定性的影響 7
    參、競爭與合作之對偶張力在創新合作體系內所扮演的角色 9
    肆、合作體系的穩定性與創新發展的相互關係 10
    第三節 研究問題 11
    第四節 研究流程與論文結構 12
    壹、研究流程 12
    貳、論文結構 13
    第二章 文獻探討 15
    第一節 創新合作體系與其他體系的差異 17
    壹、合作體系 17
    貳、常見的合作體系類型 18
    參、創新合作體系與效率合作體系 21
    第二節 影響合作體系創新之重要因素 26
    壹、組織間學習 26
    貳、塑造競爭張力 29
    參、促進創新擴散 30
    肆、管理創新專佔 33
    第三節 合作體系動態穩定性的影響因素 35
    壹、合作體系的動態穩定性 35
    貳、不穩定的原因探討 36
    參、競合平衡與穩定性的關係 39
    肆、價值創造與動態穩定性的關係 43
    伍、創新表現與動態穩定性 46
    第四節 治理機制的設計：兼顧創新與穩定性 47
    壹、治理機制 47
    貳、效率合作體系之治理機制 48
    參、創新合作體系的治理機制 51
    第五節 創新合作體系的治理機制與研究架構 55
    壹、初步分析架構 55
    貳、研究範疇的構念定義 56
    第三章 研究方法與設計 61
    第一節 質性研究策略 61
    第二節 研究對象與個案選取 63
    第三節 資料來源與蒐集 64
    壹、初級資料 64
    貳、次級資料 68
    第四節 資料整理與分析方法 69
    第四章 研究個案介紹 73
    第一節 產業背景─玻璃加工業 73
    壹、玻璃產業的特性 73
    貳、台灣玻璃的發展階段 73
    參、平板玻璃加工業的特性 78
    第二節 體系介紹─台灣玻璃團隊 81
    壹、台明將與台灣玻璃團隊 81
    貳、台灣玻璃館 85
    参、台灣玻璃團隊的國際競標 87
    第三節 體系成員介紹 93
    壹、A級協力廠商 94
    貳、B級協力廠商 107
    參、玻璃家具廠商 118
    第五章 研究個案分析 125
    第一節 體系特性：多核心的中衛體系 125
    壹、先求效率發展，後納入創新發展目標 125
    貳、多重接單來源與成員自由代工 125
    貳、潛在競爭對偶 126
    參、體系特性分析 127
    第二節 關係治理 129
    壹、維持競合平衡 129
    貳、利益公平分配 134
    參、關係治理與集體性價值創造 138
    第三節 知識治理：組織間學習 140
    第四節 創新治理 144
    壹、促進創新擴散 144
    貳、塑造競爭張力 145
    參、管理創新專佔 149
    肆、創新治理與附加性價值創造 152
    第五節 價值創造與體系動態穩定性 154
    壹、體系發展歷程分析 154
    貳、集體性價值創造與體系動態穩定性 157
    參、附加性價值創造與體系動態穩定性 158
    肆、小結：體系發展之脈絡分析 160
    第六節 綜合分析與命題推導 164
    壹、生產階段 164
    貳、價值創造與穩定性 166
    參、分配階段 167
    第六章 結論與建議 169
    第一節 結論 169
    壹、研究結論 169
    貳、創新合作體系穩定性建立之動態邏輯 177
    第二節 討論 179
    壹、理論意涵 179
    貳、管理意涵 181
    第三節 建議 183
    壹、研究限制 183
    貳、未來研究建議 184
    參考文獻 187
    壹、英文部分 187
    貳、中文部分 198
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