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    題名: 公有地悲劇的再探：英國中世紀公有地制度對於二十一世紀全球治理的啟示
    The tragedy of the commons revisited—how the british medieval commons can shed light on 21st century global governance
    作者: 梁守道
    Liang, Shou-Tao
    貢獻者: 李河清
    Lee, Ho Ching
    梁守道
    Liang, Shou-Tao
    關鍵詞: 公共資源管理
    治理
    全球治理
    公有地
    英國中世紀公有地
    歷史制度論
    common-pool resource management
    CPR
    governance
    global governance
    commons
    British medieval commonfields
    historical institutionalism
    日期: 2012
    上傳時間: 2013-02-04 09:42:47 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 埃莉諾．奧斯特羅姆(Elinor Ostrom)指出，針對集體行動來處理公共資源管理的第三個途徑正是「社區」。此重要學術創建剛好貢獻全球治理由下而上之論述中的「民主赤字」和「人類安全」之討論。近年來，世界各地發生現代圈地運動，造成了一股全球性的農民反動。有趣的是，這些反動中所訴求的個人和社區層次之賦權卻非新鮮事。正如奧斯特羅姆在他的研究案例中就已經展現了，個人層次的賦權正是工業革命前，農業社會的運作模式─由某種社區共同決策的治理型態來處理日常之經濟行為，並且大多數人都參與決策程序中。我選擇了蓋瑞．哈登(Garrett Hardin)比喻為「悲劇」的英國公有地制度來當研究案例，提出本文的核心研究問題：英國中世紀公有地制度，作為一個歷史的案例和長期持續的制度，如何能成為社區治理，乃至於全球治理的借鏡？經案例分析，我主張地方社區和個人應被賦予社會、經濟和政治上的權利與認可，以維繫他們賴以維生的地方制度。本研究顯示，當地方或國家政府決定不再給予權利和認可時，那些依賴該制度維生的人將終遭致悲劇。本文點出英國公有地制度的缺陷，並希望藉此用以借鏡今日的全球治理。
    As identified by Elinor Ostrom, a third approach to collective action on common resource management was the “community”. This important finding seemed to have been timely for contributing to academic debates on the issues of “democratic deficiency” and the “human security” aspects of bottom-up approaches in overall global governance. In recent years, modern-day enclosure movements in places around the world have led to international peasantry movements. Interestingly, the empowerment of individuals and communities these movements are fighting for are nothing new. Just as Ostrom has shone in some of her cases, it was how agrarian human society functioned at the local level before the industrial revolution—with some kind of communal decision making process in place to decide on essential issues impacting peasants’ livelihood activities and where most people affected were involved in the process. Choosing the same “commons” Garret Hardin alluded to as a “tragedy”, I asked the center question of the paper: What light can the British medieval commons, as a historical case and a long-enduring institution, shed on community-based institutions and even global governance today? From the case, I argue that local communities and individuals should be given social, economic, and even political empowerment and recognition for the livelihood institutions they depend on. This study shows that when local and national authorities decide not to support this empowerment and give recognition, it brings tragedy to those whose livelihoods depended on the institution. Learning from the institutional shortcomings of the British commons, I hope to point out useful implications to global governance of today.
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    98253011
    101
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    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[外交學系] 學位論文

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