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    题名: 台灣創業競賽成效研究-以守門機制觀點
    The study of business plan competition in Taiwan - from the perspecture of gatekeeping
    作者: 江育勝
    Jiang, Yu Sheng
    贡献者: 溫肇東
    Wen, Chao Tung
    江育勝
    Jiang, Yu Sheng
    关键词: 守門機制
    創業競賽
    創業教育
    Gatekeeping Mechanisms
    Entrepreneurship Competition
    Entrepreneurship Education
    日期: 2011
    上传时间: 2013-02-01 16:49:56 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 我國產業結構近年面臨轉變的契機,新的產業將以知識為核心,並透過創業 精神的發揮,讓創業家具備在知識經濟潮流中競爭的能力。校園創業教育透過教 授創業知識與技能,降低創業者、創業團隊的「風險」,有經驗的創業者或受過 良好教育的準創業者,將有能力提高其新創事業的存活能力。
    創業教育始於百森商學院(Babson College),而麻省理工大學(MIT)將其發 揚光大,並在我國引起一陣創業競賽熱潮;回顧我國創業競賽的發展,始於1998 年研華文教基金會主辦的「Tic100科技創業競賽」,至今已14年,創業競賽提供 平台讓創意與創業精神得以發揮,在實現創業夢想的同時也培育下一代的創業人才。
    因此,本研究藉由產業的「守門機制」理論,重新檢視我國創業競賽「競賽 實務」,透過以我國三大創業競賽:研華文教基金會TiC100 創新競賽、台灣工業 銀行We Win創業大賽以及時代基金會YEF國際青年創業領袖計畫為研究個案,進 而發現、瞭解創業競賽主辦單位如何透過設不同的「競賽目的」吸引參賽者投入 創意;進而決定不同的「守門流程」,以界定邊界、評選機制與篩選內容等作為 落實守門機制執行;引致差異化的「守門成果」,包含作品、人才與品牌經營, 爾後透過「競賽回饋」促使競賽本身發展與變革,追求競賽永續經營。
    本研究所得的研究結論如下。
    1. 創業競賽的「競賽目的」主要分為「選作品」、「選人才」或欲求「兩者得兼」。
    2. 創業競賽的「競賽目的」影響「守門流程」之「界定邊界」設計。
    3. 創業競賽的「競賽目的」影響「守門流程」之「評選機制」設計。
    4. 創業競賽之「守門流程」設計之「評選機制」包含開放式設計與多元呈現形 式,對守門成果有決定性的影響,最終賽者與主辦單位將從創業競賽守門機 制得到較高之加值效果。
    5. 創業競賽的「守門流程」之「篩選內容」設計,受「競賽目的」差異影響, 並導致不同的成果。
    6. 創業競賽因其「競賽目的」的差異而有不同的「守門流程」設計,並產生符 合預期的「守門成果」,包含作品與人才;然而長期而言,守門成果的差異 卻不顯著。
    7. 「競賽回饋」將影響競賽本身,並導致主辦單位調整「競賽目的」與「守門 流程」。
    8. 創業競賽的參賽者挑選參賽議題受到大環境熱門議題的影響,進而影響守門 成果,最終導致創業競賽本身的發展與轉型。
    Domestic industry in Taiwan faces the oppounity of change and the core of growing industry recently will be knowledge based. Through carrying the spirit of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurs equip abilities to compete in the tred of knowledge economy. Entrepreneurship education in campus leads the entrepreneurs and their team, with teached knowledge and skills from that, to reduce the“risk”in starting new business. Which means that those who experienced or well-educated will have the ability to improve the viability of new ventures.
    Entrepreneurship education originated in Babson College and flourished in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) makes a burst of craze in Taiwan. The development of the entrepreneurship competition in Taiwan came from the “Tic 100” hold by the Advantech Foundation in 1998. The entrepreneurship competition provides a platform for creativity and the spirit of entrepreneurship and nurtue the next generation entrepreneurial talents during the travel of realizing their dreams.
    This study review and re-examine the development trace of the entrepreneurship competition in Taiwan based on the thory of the “Gatekeeping Mechanisms”and take the Top 3, include the “Tic 100”, the “We Win” and the”YEF”, as study cases.
    Through this study we will realize how the organizers of entrepreneurship competition set the diffenent “Purpose of Gatekeeping Mechanisms”, which results in diffenet “Procedure of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” (includes the “Boundary Defination”, “Selection Mechanisms” and the “Content filtering”), as the implementation of the “Gatekeeping Mechanism” to attract players putting creative into it.Finally the implementation leads the entrepreneurship competition to result in the different “Achievements of Gatekeeping Mechanisms”, includes works, personnel and the brand management, and promote the development and the changes of the competition itself to pursuit perpetual operation through the “Freedback of the Participants (includes the players and the mechanisms)”.
    The conclusions of this study can be summarized as below:
    1. The “Purpose of gatekeeping mechanisms” in the entrepreneurship competition mainly includes the “Works Selection”, the “Personnel
    Selection” and the “Of both”.
    2. The “Purpose of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” in the entrepreneurship competition influences the design of “The Demarcation” in “Procedure of Gatekeeping Mechanisms”.
    3. The “Purpose of gatekeeping mechanisms” in the entrepreneurship competition influences the design of “The Selection Mechanisms” in “Procedure of Gatekeeping Mechanisms”.
    4. The design of the “Selection Mechanisms”, includes the open design and the multi-rendering form in “Procedure of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” in the entrepreneurship competition, has decisive influence for the “Achievements of Gatekeeping Mechanisms”. Finally, the participants (includes the players and the mechanisms) will gain better value-add consequent in this way.
    5. The design of the “Selection Mechanisms” in “Procedure of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” in the entrepreneurship competition influenced by the differences of the “Purpose of gatekeeping mechanisms” and leads to different achievement.
    6. Different Purpose of Gatekeeping Mechanisms in entrepreneurship competition, includes the “Works Selection” and the “Personnel Selection”, builds different design for the “Procedure of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” and results in the expected “Achievements of Gatekeeping Mechanisms”. However, influence from different purpose of gatekeeping mechanisms to the “Achievements of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” has no significant difference in long term.
    7. The “Freedback of the Participants (includes the players and the mechanisms)” in the entrepreneurship competition influences the competition itself and leads the organizers of the competition rearrange the “Purpose of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” and the “Procedure of Gatekeeping Mechanisms”.
    8. The selectioned issue from the participants in the entrepreneurship competition which has strong relatection to the hot topic in macroeconomics influences the “Achievements of Gatekeeping Mechanisms” and leads the development and transformation of the competition itself eventually.
    參考文獻: 一 英文文獻

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    二 中文文獻

     王滌鴻(2002),《創業課程對創業知識與能力學習成效之研究》, 國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。
     財團法人台灣工業銀行教育基金會(2007),《少年頭家創業傳奇》, 台北:宏典文化。
     財團法人時代基金會(2006),《世界很平,我不平》,台北:藍鯨。
     周春美(2004),〈美日兩國創業教育課程設計之研究〉,教育部委託商業類課程中心 93 年工作計畫案,技術移轉或授權。
     林嘉源(2007),展覽的產業守門機制研究—以 COMDEX Fall、CeBIT、COMPUTEX Taipei 世界三大電腦展為例,國立政治大學科技管理研究
    所碩士論文。
     徐聯恩、樊學良(2006),「組織創新守門機制之分析-以工業技術研 院為例」,台灣商管與資訊研討會。
     陳愛珠(2008),《政府創業教育政策與青年創業能力關係之研究》,國立政治大學行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)學位論文。
     張誠新(2008),《創業競賽團隊發展歷程之研究》,政治大學科技管理研究所,未出版碩士論文。
     溫肇東、羅育如、陳意文(2007),《守門活動的價值創造機制之研究:以實境競賽節目為例》,中華民國科技管理學會年會暨論文研討會。
     溫肇東(2005),經濟部技術處學界科專計畫:產業創新能耐平台計畫- 守門人理論回顧,台北:國立政治大學創新與創造力中心(計畫編號:94-EX-17-A-31-S1-036)。
     溫肇東、羅育如、陳意文(2007),「守門活動的價值創造機制之研究:以實境競賽節目為例」,中華民國科技管理學會年會暨論文研討會。
     溫肇東(2009),產業創新能耐平臺建置與推廣(II)-B組創新守門機制之應用與推廣,經濟部學界開發產業技術計畫。
     溫肇東、許碧芬(2003),《栽一顆創業種籽》,台北:商智。
     劉文龍(2001),《創業管理教育課程設計之探索性研究》,國立中山大學企業管研究所,未出版碩士論文。
     戴龍睿(2002),《創業競賽團隊與競賽機制對學習成效之研究》,政治大學科技管理研究所,未出版碩士論文。
     蕭富峰、李田樹(譯)(2005)彼得〃杜拉克(Peter F. Drucker) 著,《創新與創業精神》(Innovation and Entrepreneurship),台北: 臉譜。

    三 中文期刊、報章雜誌
    周春美、沈健華(2003),〈從就業到創業導向-美國創業教育對我國技 職校院學生提昇就業競爭力之啟示〉,《商業職業教育季刊》,第88 期,頁46-50。
     陳瑜芬、賴銘娟(2007),「台灣創業課程現況之探究」,創業管理研究, 2 卷 3期:117~147。
     溫肇東(2009)「創業競賽在台灣十年的反省」,工商時報,5 月 6 日。
     溫肇東(2006)「以守門人機制看如何強化產業之創新能耐」,技術尖兵,No.142。
     劉常勇、蔡敦浩、張玉山(2007),《創業論壇—台灣創業教育與創業研究面臨的問題與挑戰》,創業管理研究,第二卷第三期,P149-172。
     劉常勇、謝如梅(2006),「創業管理研究之回顧與展望:理論與模式 探討」,創業管理研究。1 卷 1 期:1-43。
     劉常勇(2002),創業管理的十二堂課,臺北:天下遠見。
     謝如梅(2008.9),創業管理教育在 Babson College 之我見,台北:創管理研究第三卷第三期 P.145~157(ISSN1993-7504)。
     謝如梅、李信興(2007),〈台灣創業教育與創業研究面臨的問題與挑戰〉,《創業管理研究期刊》,第2卷第3期,頁149-172。
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