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    Title: 蠟燭兩頭燒?-台灣不同世代女性的生命圖像
    Burn the candle at both ends- women`s life image in different generations in Taiwan.
    Authors: 羅舜元
    Contributors: 林佳瑩
    羅舜元
    Keywords: 蠟燭兩頭燒
    總生育率
    勞動力參與率
    Cohort
    Date: 2011
    Issue Date: 2012-12-03 11:28:49 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   過去半世紀的台灣,隨著經濟的快速發展與社會變遷,使得人們的生活條件與行為隨之改變。於此同時,社會價值觀與經濟條件的差異,也使得台灣女性的社會地位與人力資本逐漸提升、在社會中所被賦予的社會期待與責任也與五十年前不同。台灣女性在社會中的角色已經從鑲嵌在家庭的「照顧者」之中脫離,然而,在這個過程當中,卻形成女性必須兼顧家庭與工作的責任,而產生「蠟燭兩頭燒」的現象。有鑑於此,本文藉由整理並討論過去台灣社會當中,女性在家庭照護與勞動參與之間的變化,以了解「蠟燭兩頭燒」此一情形是如何體現在台灣女性的生活之中。

      本文以「人力資源調查資料庫附帶之婦女婚育與就業調查」作為基礎,整理1950至1974出生年次的台灣女性,其生、養育行為及勞動參與資料,分析不同出生世代的女性在教育、家庭與工作等行為之間的差異,以及已婚婦女是否因為工作身分及生、養育狀態的不同,而形成不同的「蠟燭兩頭燒」程度。結果發現:「蠟燭兩頭燒」的現象,來自於女性意識抬頭後,台灣女性希望能在職場上有所成就,卻仍被傳統的社會價值觀所束縛,造成已婚婦女在家庭與工作兩邊都不討好。雖然孩子的照顧壓力能由家屬協助分擔,然而,職業婦女的小孩若交由保母照顧,卻可能由於對外人的信任度不足,使得母親的負擔不減反增,最終形成近年來,台灣晚近出生世代女性「不婚」、「不育」的現況。

      因此,政府若欲尋求生育議題的解決之道,建議從延長父母親留職停薪(育嬰假)時間,或是擴大托育補助對象至實際協助照顧孩子的家屬,才能真正減少台灣已婚婦女「蠟燭兩頭燒」情形發生。
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    行政院主計處
      歷年,《人力資源調查年報》。
    內政部統計處
      歷年,《內政統計年報》。
    林芳玫等著
      2000 《女性主義理論與流派》,顧燕翎主編,臺北市 : 女書文化。
    林秀麗
      2003 〈私領域裡的勞動力買賣與危機──從臺中地區菲籍家戶工作者的日常生活實踐談起〉,《社會發展季刊》101:200-212。
    二、英文文獻
    Becker, Gary S.
      1991. “A Treatise on the Family” Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press.
    Brewster, Karin L. and Ronald R. Rindfuss.
      2000. “Fertility and Women’s Employment in Industrialized Nations.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 271-296.
    Boccuzzo, Giovanna, Marcantonio Caltabiano, Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna, and Marzia Loghi.
      2008. “The Impact of the Bonus at Birth on Reproductive Behaviour in a Lowest-low Fertility Context: Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy), 1989-2005.” Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2008:125-147.
    Carlson, Elwood.
      2008. “The Lucky Lew.” Springer Verlag.
    Hochschild, Arlie and Anne Machung.
      2012. “The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home” penguin books.
    Jones, Gavin W.
      2007. “Delayed Marriage and Very Low Fertility in Pacific Asia.” Population and Development Review 33(3):453-478.
    Lehrer, Evelyn and Marc Nerlove
      1986. “Female Labor Force Behavior and Fertility in the United States.” Annual Review of Sociology 12: 181-204.
    Matysiak, Anna
      2011. “Interdependencies Between Fertility and Women`s Labour Supply” Springer.
    McDonald, Peter.
      2002. “Sustaining Fertility Through Public Policy: the Range of Options.” Population( English Edition) 57:417-446.
    McDonald, Peter.
      2006. “Low Fertility and the State: The Efficacy of Policy.” Population and Development Review 32(3):485-510.
    Steiner, Leslie Morgan
      2007. “Mommy wars : stay-at-home and career moms face off on their choices, their lives, their families.” Random House Trade Paperbacks.
    Tung, An-Chi and Wen Shan Yang.
      2006. “Fertility Decisions and Women’s Labor Market Status: A Case Study of Taiwan.” The Journal of Population Studies, the Population Association of Japan 39:39-56.
    Thévenon, Olivier.
      2008. “Family Policies in Europe: Available Databases and Initial Comparisons.” Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2008:165-177.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學研究所
    99254001
    100
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099254001
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Sociology] Theses

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