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Title:	從歐盟制度設計、問題解決能力及選民能力剖析歐盟公民之被代表性
Other Titles:	The Representedness of EU Citizens Analyzed through the EU`s Institution Design, Problem Solving Capacity, and Voter Competence
Authors:	盧倩儀
Contributors:	行政院國家科學委員會國立政治大學國際關係研究中心
Keywords:	歐盟;選民能力;代議制度;問題解決能力;被代表性 EU;voter competence;representative institutions;problem-solving capacity;representedness
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2012-11-30 15:09:10 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	從歐盟制度設計､問題解決能力及選民能力剖析歐盟公民之被代表性民主國家的人民透過民主機制使其偏好利益獲得反映乃是天經地義的事情。然而倘使政策的制定不再發生於國家而是發生在超國家的位置﹐則民主國家的人民是否仍舊能在相當程度上被代表﹖根據人類目前所累積的經驗﹐有效的民主最起碼要有兩個條件﹕(1)良好的代議制度﹔(2)決策者解決問題的能力﹔而兩者之有效運作又維繫於責任鏈結構之完整與暢通﹔而選民能力及公領域則是完整責任鏈最基礎的要件。在此前提下﹐本研究試圖回答﹕歐盟反映人民偏好之能力如何﹖歐盟公民的被代表性是否獲得了確保﹖此研究問題純從實證角度出發﹐而不涉及規範性判斷。計劃首先檢視在人類現有經驗範圍內什麼樣的責任鏈才能夠造就成功的民主﹐接著在歐盟層次檢視同樣的責任鏈是否存在並良好運作。為檢視責任鏈是否存有缺口﹐本研究計劃將比較歐洲議會選舉前及會員國國會大選前會員國媒體給予選舉及候選人的關注情形﹐次將就會員國媒體對所謂「民眾較不關心」且「決策權在歐盟」之議題—貿易､工業､外援､農業政策—報導時之語境(「國內」或「歐盟」)進行調查。就研究發現的意義來看﹐若歐盟反映人民偏好能力良好﹐則長年來各界對於歐盟民主赤字之指控即如駁斥民主赤字存在之學者所言﹐是杞人憂天﹔反之﹐如果歐盟在反映人民偏好的能力上存有根本的問題及難以克服的障礙﹐則民主赤字之批評應該被視為歐盟進一步改革之動力。 Representedness of EU Citizens Analyzed through Institutional Design, Problem-Solving Capacity, and Voter Competence Citizens of democratic countries are used to being represented through democratic mechanisms such as representative institutions. It is, after all, what democracy is all about. When public policies are no longer made within their countries by national or regional governments but at a supranational venue by institutions such as the EU, however, can citizens of the member countries still be appropriately represented? Based on the experiences accumulated so far in human history, democracy can only work in the presence of two pre-conditions: (1) functional representative institutions; (2) good problem-solving capacity on the part of policy makers. The existence of both further depends on the integrity of chains of accountability, which can only flow smoothly when voter competence and public sphere are both present. Based on these assumptions, this research attempts to answer the following questions: How capable is the EU in being responsive to preferences of European citizens? Have the preconditions of being responsive been met? Has the representedness of EU citizens reached a satisfactory level? These questions will be answered on empirical evidence alone with no normative value judgments. The research begins with an examination of the templates of working democratic models with an emphasis on their chains of accountability. It investigates what are the common factors that make democracies—whether presidential, semi-presidential, or parliamentary systems—work. It then examines whether these same factors are present at the EU level to make the chains of accountability work at the supranational level. In order to find out whether there are missing links in the chains of accountability, comparisons will be made between media reports prior to national elections and European elections. In addition, comparisons will be made between the frequencies of media reports of trade, industry, foreign aid, and agricultural issues in national context on one hand and the same type of reports in EU context on the other. The findings of the research will have significant implications for future developments of the EU. If empirical evidence shows that the EU in its current form is failing to represent EU citizens and thus be responsive to voter preferences then further reform with emphasis on voter competence and public sphere would be constructive to the future developments of the EU.
Relation:	基礎研究學術補助研究期間:9908~ 10007 研究經費:1011仟元行政院國家科學委員會計畫編號NSC99-2410-H004-028
Data Type:	report
Appears in Collections:	[The Institute of International Relations ] National Sci-Tech Programs

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