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    题名: 論協助農民處理經營風險的農村治理---建始縣「綜合農協」之個案研究
    其它题名: Agricultural Governance by Helping Farmers to Deal with Risk---Case Study of Agricultural Association in Chien-Shi County
    作者: 陳永生
    贡献者: 行政院國家科學委員會
    國立政治大學國際關係研究中心
    关键词: 建始縣;綜合農協;農村治理;經濟合作組織;風險
    Chien-Shi County;Multiple Agricultural Association;agricultural governance;economic cooperation;risk adverse
    日期: 2009
    上传时间: 2012-11-30 15:07:49 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 農民收入低下造成的貧困，主要的原因是農民在日漸複雜的市場競爭環境中，無法有效驅避所面臨的風險，進而創造滿意的獲利。借用當代財務學的架構，吾人可將農民的風險分為系統風險和非系統風險兩種。「系統性風險」通常是指由政治環境、社會制度及景氣波動等因素所造成的一種無法規避的風險而使農業、農民受到影響，必須藉由政府透過正式制度（如公共財政、農村金融、農民保險等）的途徑加以協助解決。「非系統性風險」則是中國大陸獨立小農戶所特別面對的風險，例如：市場調節供需判斷所造成的錯誤、產品種植失敗、自然災害（天災、蟲災）等特殊事件所造成的財務風險，可透過成立經濟合作組織，以互助合作的方式來減低此類風險的損害。湖北省建始縣在2008 年四月，由中國社科院等三個團體組成了「綜合農協」的試點，鼓勵農民自辦(1)農業推廣；(2)農業金融；(3)購銷經營；(4)農村文化、醫療衛生、老年福利及救濟事業等。此新生組織產生的原因、特質及其效能如何？值得觀察。本計畫擬透過實地拜訪當地政府幹部、企業及小農戶，觀察研究「綜合農協」的運作，探討此合作組織如何協助農民規避風險，尤其是當政府的公共財政、農業金融、農業保險等制度更加完善之後，經濟合作組織可扮演何種角色與功能，以成為農村治理的有效途徑。
    The reason for the poverty of farmers is that they are unable to avoid risks in the complex modern market. In modern finance theory, the risks farmers face can be divided into system risk and non-system risk. System risks are caused by political environment, social regulations, inflation circulation, etc., usually unavoidable in nature. Encounter with this type of risk would require government interference (for example, public finance, agricultural bank system, agricultural insurance, etc., ) in order to resolve it. Non-system risks are directed specifically at small farmers, and they can be resolved by setting–up economical cooperations. Three organizations have set up experimental sites in Hubei in 2008, in which farmers are encouraged to engage in several activities by themselves. The motive, characteristics, and effect of these organizations are interesting to observe. This study will conduct field studies by interview local government officials, entrepreneurs, and farmers. Then it will observe commune operation and the benefits farmers gain from this organization. When political and economic institutions become more complete, this organization can help agricultural governance to be more efficient.
    關聯: 基礎研究
    學術補助
    研究期間:9808~ 9907
    研究經費:392仟元
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[國際關係研究中心] 國科會研究計畫

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