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    题名: 弱勢互助？ - 國民年金法被保險人之研究
    其它题名: Whether Is It Solidarity among Unable Citizens? A Research on the Insured Persons of Citizen Pension Act
    作者: 孫迺翊
    贡献者: 國立政治大學法律學系
    行政院國家科學委員會
    关键词: 國民年金法;全民健保法;社會連帶;被保險人;低收入戶;中低收入戶;身心障礙者;單向性;相互性
    Citizen Pension Act;National Health Insurance Act;solidarity;insured person;low-income family;middle-low-income family;disabled person;reciprocity;unilateral side
    日期: 2008
    上传时间: 2012-11-26 09:35:47 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 立法院於今年（民國96年）完成國民年金法之立法，預計明年10月1日起開辦。依據國民年金法之規定，未來所有未因職業身分參加相關社會保險之國民，無論其有無資力，均應參加國民年金保險制度，使其老年、殘障與死亡風險發生時之生活經濟安全得以獲得部分之確保。惟該法規定之保險對象顯示，國民年金制度僅係為尚未獲得社會安全保障的經濟弱勢者所單獨設立之社會保險，並未解決現行老年社會安全體系中獨厚公教人員的不公平現象，亦未處理勞保老年給付年金化的議題。此種立法模式的好處是可以收即刻建制之效，及早因應逐漸惡化的人口老化問題，但為此則付出了放棄追求社會公平、資源合理分配的代價。本研究將針對國民年金法「弱勢互助」的特色，探討以下幾項議題：一、國民年金之財務運作與被保險人權利義務上，究竟偏向「單向性」抑或「相互性」色彩？二、低收入戶與身心障礙者在哪些面向上屬於弱勢，國家給予不同比例保費補助是否為合理的差別待遇？從自我負責與社會連帶的觀點，對於經濟遭遇困難的非就業國民，國家尚可採取哪些措施協助其參與社會保險制度？三、如將國民年金與其他相關社會保險作跨體系比較，是否也將產生與全民健保法第27條規定類似的公平性疑義，亦即政府保費補助比例除以經濟能力為依據外，又依職業別給予被保險人差別待遇？本研究計畫擬以社會保險共通的建制原則分析國民年金法，探討並釐清被保險人間「弱勢互助」衍生的疑義，以作為未來延續性研究的基礎。
    This year (2007) the parliament (Legislative Yuan) in Taiwan has released the Citizen Pension Act which will come into force as from October 1, 2008. According to the new announced act all citizens in Taiwan who are not insured by any other social insurance system for retirement, disability and death, including who are unable to pay premiums, shall join this social insurance system, so that their financial loss may be partly secured by the insurance benefits in case of retirement, disability and death. On the other hand, the problems caused by the unfair distribution of resources which favors only the public officials and teachers in our current social insurance systems are not considered in this Act; the policy changing the insurance benefits payment of the Labor Insurance Act which has been paid once totally to be the pension payment remains also status quo. The type of the legislation like the Citizen Pension Act aims to establish a social insurance system as early as possible for solving the coming demographic problem, but it ignores the social justice and the fair distribution of social resources. Considering the characteristic of solidarity among unable citizens, this search is conducted to discuss the fallowing issues: 1. How are the elements of reciprocity and unilateral side constructed and combined in the legal relationship between the state and the insured persons and in the financial structure of this insurance? 2. Are the different subsidy proportions of the premiums from the government for the low-income families and the disabled persons a fair policy? In considering of the individual responsibility and social solidarity, how can the state help the unemployed citizens with financial problems to participate the social insurance system except the subsidy of premiums? 3. Compare the citizen pension system with the other social insurance systems for public officials, teachers and labors, could the different subsidy proportion of premiums from government be justified based on different occupations or differently financial ability, which is similar to paragraph 27 of the National Health Insurance Act? This study will base on the essential structural principles of social insurance to analyze the above-mentioned issues which could be a basic for the further study of the citizen insurance systems.
    關聯: 基礎研究
    學術補助
    研究期間:9708~ 9807
    研究經費:393仟元
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[法律學系] 國科會研究計畫

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