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    题名: 從中國外銷瓷看英格蘭貴族的消費文化 (1688-1730)
    From Chinese export porcelain to reflect the consumer culture of English aristocracy (1688-1730)
    作者: 賴芊曄
    Lai, Chien Yeh
    贡献者: 周惠民
    賴芊曄
    Lai, Chien Yeh
    关键词: 炫耀性消費
    中國外銷瓷
    奢侈
    日期: 2012
    上传时间: 2012-11-01 13:57:12 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 於17至18世紀之際的全球貿易擴張和英格蘭政治、經濟、社會等層面的變動之下,英格蘭社會頻繁的階層垂直流動,推升了英格蘭貴族「炫耀性消費」(conspicuous consumption)的消費形態,在外在行為上展現個人的品味和自我認同,以區隔並排除他人的晉升。於此,集實用品、商品、收藏品和奢侈品於一身的「中國外銷瓷」即符合了英格蘭貴族此種需求,而英屬東印度公司對於中國貿易之路的逐漸掌控,也推升了英格蘭貴族對中國外銷瓷的狂熱購買,這種消費文化遂成為逐漸上升的中間階層既批判又仿效的對象。此時期亦是當代知識份子辯論奢侈、奢侈品和其承載意義的高峰期,大量出現的文本顯示出社會對此議題的重視,和對不斷擴張的全球貿易和英格蘭社會瀰漫的奢侈風氣的回應。本文試圖以英格蘭貴族對中國外銷瓷的狂熱為中心,探討這個外來的奢侈品,讓英格蘭貴族得以運用「炫耀性消費」來彰顯自身的財富、地位和品味,並幫助其塑造出有別於中、下階層的消費文化,以與中、下階層產生區隔,甚而影響了整個英格蘭社會的餐桌禮儀、飲食習慣和消費品味。


    關鍵詞:炫耀性消費、中國外銷瓷、奢侈
    參考文獻: 史料

    期刊
    1. The Spectator (1711-1712, 1714), Donald F. Bond, ed., 5 Vols. New York: Oxford University Press, c1965.

    書籍、文章
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    6. Defoe, Daniel, The Completed English Tradesman (1725-27). London: Printed for J. Rivington, 1745.
    7. Gregory King, Charles Davenant, and W. Couling. “Tables of Estimates”, in Joan Thirsk and J. P. Cooper (eds), Seventeenth-Century Economic Documents, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
    8. Mandeville, Bernard, The Fable of the Bees: or Private Vices, Public Benefits (1714-1725). London: printed for C. Bathurst, C. Nourse, T. Carnan, F. Newbery, R. Cater, 1795.
    9. Postlethwayt, Malachy, Britain’s Commercial Interest and Improved, vl.2, London, 1757.
    10. 莎士比亞(著)、梁實秋(譯),《惡有惡報》,臺北:遠東圖書股份有限公司,1999。
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    專書
    1. Adshead, Samuel Adrian M. Material Culture in Europe and China, 1400-1800: the Rise of Consumerism. Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1997.
    2. Berg, Maxine and Clifford, Helen (eds), Consumers and Luxury: Consumer Culture in Europe 1650-1850, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.
    3. Berg, Maxine and Eger, Elizabeth (eds), Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires and Delectable Goods. Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
    4. Berg, Maxine, Luxury and Pleasure in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2005.
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    6. Brewer, John and Porter, Roy (eds), Consumption and the World of Goods. London; New York: Routledge, 1993.
    7. Brook, Timothy, Vermeer`s Hat: the Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World. London: Profile Books, 2009.
    8. Carswell, John, with contributions by Edward A. Maser and Jean McClure Mudge; catalogue of an exhibition at The David and Alfred Smart Gallery, The University of Chicago, October 3-December 1, 1985, Blue and White: Chinese Porcelain and Its Impact on the Western World. Chicago [Ill.]: The University of Chicago, The David and Alfred Smart Gallery, 1985.
    9. Chaudhuri, K. N. The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company 1660-1760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
    10. Copley, Stephen (ed.), Literature and the Social Order in Eight-eenth-Century England. London; Dover, N.H: Croom Helm, 1984.
    11. Finlay, Robert, The Pilgrim Art: the Culture of Porcelain in World History. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2010.
    12. Foust, Clifford M. Rhubarb: the Wondrous Drug. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992.
    13. Fuchs, Ronald W. Made in China: Export Porcelain from the Leo and Doris Hodroff Collection at Winterthur. Winterthur, DE: Henry Francis du Pont Museum, 2005.
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    16. Howard, David S. A Tale of Three Cities: Canton, Shanghai & Hong Kong Three Centuries of Sino-British Trade in the Decorative Arts. London: Sotheby`s, 1997.
    17. Howard, David S. and Ayers, John, China for the West: Chinese Porcelain and Other Decorative Arts for Export Illustrated from the Mottahedeh Collection. London; New York: Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1978.
    18. Howard, David S. Chinese Armorial Porcelain Ⅱ. London: Faber & Faber, 2003.
    19. Howard, David S. Chinese Armorial Porcelain. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.
    20. Kuchta, David, The Three-Piece Suit and Modern Masculinity: England, 1550-1850. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2002.
    21. McKendrick, N. Brewer, J. and Plumb, J. H. The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England. London: Europa Publications Ltd., 1982.
    22. Morse, Hosea Ballou, The Chronicles of the East India Company, Trading to China, 1635-1834. Taipei: Ch`eng-wen, 1966-69.
    23. Nadler, Daniel, China to Order: Focusing on the XIXth Century and Surveying Polychrome Export Porcelain Produced During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1908). Paris, France: Vilo International, 2001.
    24. Overton, M. Whittle, J. Dean, D. and Hann, A. Production and Consumption in English Households, 1600-1750. London; New York: Routledge, 2004.
    25. Peck, Linda L. Consuming Splendor: Society and Culture in Seven-teenth-Century England. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
    26. Pritchard, Earl Hampton, Anglo-Chinese Relations during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. New York: Octagon Books, 1970.
    27. Weatherill, Lorna, The Growth of the Pottery Industry in England, 1660-1815. New York: Garland Pub., 1986.
    28. Wrightson, Keith, Earthly Necessities: Economic Lives in Early Modern Britain, 1470-1750. London; New York: Penguin, 2002.
    29. 甘雪莉(著)、張關林(譯),《中國外銷瓷》,香港:三聯書店,2008。
    30. 余春明,《中國名片:明清外銷瓷探源與收藏》,北京:生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店,2011。
    31. 克里斯托弗.貝里﹙著﹚、江紅﹙譯﹚,《奢侈的概念:概念及歷史的探究》,上海:人民出版社,2005。
    32. 吳芳思(Frances Wood)﹙著﹚;方永德、宋光麗、方思源﹙譯﹚,《中國的魅力:趨之若鶩的西方作家與收藏家》,香港:三聯書店有限公司,2009。
    33. 李國榮(主編),《清朝洋商密檔》,北京:九州出版社,2010。
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    35. 范伯倫﹙著﹚、李華夏﹙譯﹚,《有閒階層論:一種制度的經濟硏究》,臺北:左岸文化,2007。
    36. 修‧歐納(Hugh Honour)、約翰‧苻萊明(John Fleming)(著)、吳介禎(等翻譯),《世界藝術史》,臺北:木馬文化出版,2001。
    37. 梅寇(Heidrun Merkle)著、薛文瑜(譯),《饗宴的歷史:一段由味覺與美學交織而成的感官之旅》,臺北:左岸文化出版,2004。
    38. 湯姆.斯丹迪奇(Tom Standage)(著),吳平(等譯),《歷史六瓶裝:啤酒、葡萄酒、烈酒、咖啡、茶與可口可樂的文明史》,臺北:聯經出版社,2006。
    39. 維爾納.桑巴特﹙著﹚、王燕平、侯小河﹙譯﹚,《奢侈與資本主義》,上海:人民出版社,2000。﹙譯自:Sombart, Werner(1863-1942), Luxus und Kapitalismus. München and Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot,1913.﹚
    40. 羅伯特‧芬雷﹙著﹚;鄭明萱﹙譯﹚,《青花瓷的故事》,臺北:貓頭鷹出版,2011。

    期刊論文
    1. Berg, Maxine and Clifford, Helen, “Introduction”in Maxine Berg and Helen Clifford (eds), Consumers and Luxury: Consumer Culture in Europe 1650-1850, pp. 1-16.
    2. Berg, Maxine and Eger, Elizabeth, “Introduction,” in Maxine Berg and Elizabeth Eger (eds), Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires and Delectable Goods (Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), pp. 1-6.
    3. Berg, Maxine and Eger, Elizabeth, “The Rise and Fall of the Luxury Debates,” in Maxine Berg and Elizabeth Eger (eds), Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires and Delectable Goods, pp. 7-27.
    4. Berg, Maxine, “New Commodities, Luxuries and Their Consumers in Eighteenth-Century England” in Maxine Berg and Helen Clifford (eds), Consumers and Luxury: Consumer Culture in Europe 1650-1850, (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999), pp. 63-85.
    5. Charleston, Robert J. “Porcelain as Room Decoration in Eight-eenth-Century England,” in Elinor Gordon(ed), Chinese Export Porcelain: an Historical Survey (New York: Main Street/Universe Books, 1975), pp. 95-100.
    6. Corfield, Penelope, “Urban Development in England and Wales in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,” in D.C. Coleman and A. H. John(eds), Trade, Government, and Economy in Pre-industrial England: Essays Presented to F. J. Fisher (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976), pp. 214-247.
    7. Crowley, John “From Luxury to Comfort and Back Again: Landscape Architecture and the Cottage in Britain and America”in Maxine Berg and Elizabeth Eger (eds), Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires and Delectable Goods (Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), pp. 135-150.
    8. Evans, Adrian B. “Enlivening the Archive: Glimpsing Embodied Con-sumption Practices in Probate Inventories of Household Possessions,” Historical Geography, 36(2008), pp. 40-72.
    9. Fang, Karen “Empire, Coleridge, and Charles Lamb`s Consumer Imagination”, in Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 43:4(Rice University, autumn 2003), pp. 815-843.
    10. Hamm, Andrew and Stobart, John, “Sites of Consumption: The Display of Goods in Provincial Shops in Eighteenth-Century England,” Cultural and Social History, 2:1 (2005), pp. 165-187.
    11. Harte, N.B. “State Control of Dress and Social Change,” in D.C. Coleman and A. H. John(eds), Trade, Government, and Economy in Pre-industrial England: Essays Presented to F. J. Fisher, (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976), pp. 133-165.
    12. Holmes, Geoffrey “The Professions and Social Change in England, 1680-1730,” in Geoffrey Holmes, Politics, Religion, and Society in England, 1679-1742 (London; Roncevert, W. Va.: Hambledon Press, 1986), pp. 309-350.
    13. Holmes, Geoffrey, “Gregory King and Pre-Industrial England,”in Geoffrey Holmes, Politics, Religion, and Society in England, 1679-1742 (London; Roncevert, W. Va.: Hambledon Press, 1986), pp. 281-309.
    14. Hundert, Edward, “Mandeville, Rousseau and the Political Economy of Fantasy,”in Maxine Berg and Elizabeth Eger (eds), Luxury in the Eight-eenth Century: Debates, Desires and Delectable Goods, pp. 28-40.
    15. Von Der Porten, Edward P. “Drake and Cermeno in California: Sixteenth Century Chinese Ceramics” in Historical Archaeology, 6 (Society for Historical Archaeology, 1972), pp. 1-22.
    16. Weatherill, Lorna “Consumer Behaviour and Social Status in England, 1660–1750,” Continuity and Change, 1:2 (1986), pp. 191-216.
    17. Weatherill, Lorna “The Meaning of Consumer Behavior in Late Seven-teenth- and early eighteenth-Century England”in John Brewer, Roy Porter(eds), Consumption and the World of Goods (London; New York: Routledge,1993), pp. 206-227.
    18. 林美香,〈十六世紀英格蘭的服飾法〉,《新史學》,21:1 (臺北,2010.03),頁91-148。
    學位論文
    1. 陳國棟,〈淸代前期的粤海關一六八三–一八四二〉,臺北:國立臺灣大學歷史學硏究所碩士論文,1980。

    網路資料
    1. 〈十七、十八世紀歐洲之瓷器狂熱與日本有田燒瓷器〉,收錄於「臺灣陶藝聚落」: http://www.taiwanclayart.org.tw/b_04.html(2012/4/3點閱)。
    2. Woolley, Hannah, The Queen-like Closet (1670), in Celtnet Recipes: http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/queen-closet-household-management.php (accessed July 28, 2012).
    3. Unknown, “Asia on Britain”, in The British Library: http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/trading/impacts3.html# (ac-cessed May 15, 2012).
    4. Unknown, “Further Information about the Sale Catalogue”, in The British Library: http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/trading/futhertexts/china7text.html (accessed May 11, 2012).
    5. 丁敘鈞,〈金碧輝煌廣彩瓷〉,收錄於「典藏藝術網」: http://artouch.com/(2012/8/20點閱)。
    6. 楊格格,〈瓷器收藏最後的處女地 外銷瓷正欲強勢歸來(2012.07.27)〉,收錄於「金融界」:http://money.jrj.com.cn/2012/07/27082613936351.shtml(2012/8/7點閱)。
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    歷史研究所
    98153009
    101
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0981530091
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[歷史學系] 學位論文

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