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    題名: 資本稅制對公共政策之影響─從量從價大不同
    作者: 趙珮涵
    Chao, Pei Han
    貢獻者: 賴育邦
    Lai, Yu Bong
    趙珮涵
    Chao, Pei Han
    關鍵詞: 租稅競爭
    環境政策
    從量稅
    從價稅
    tax competition
    environmental policy
    unit tax
    ad valorem tax
    日期: 2011
    上傳時間: 2012-10-30 16:12:07 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本文以 Oates and Schwab (1988) 及 Lockwood (2004) 兩篇文章為基礎。採用 Oates and Schwab (1988) 中各地方政府同時選擇資本稅率及環境標準的模型為主要架構，並結合 Lockwood (2004) 中從量及從價資本稅之相關設定，將公共財及環境品質納入代表性個人的效用函數中，求得對稱納許均衡解 (symmetric Nash equilibrium) 。我們發現在考慮地區間策略性行為 (strategic behavior) 時，不論地區採用從量或從價資本稅以融通地區性公共財，均衡稅率及環境品質皆會低於最適水準，其中又以從價資本稅的扭曲更為嚴重。而中央集權時，無論採用從量或從價稅制，均衡稅率及環境品質皆為最適水準；完全地方分權時，從量稅和從價稅兩者等價，各區間彼此競爭，不論在公共財或環境水準，
    都有向下沉淪 (race to the bottom) ，偏離最適解的結果。
    The thesis is based on the setting of Oates and Schwab (1988) and Lockwood (2004). I consider that each local government has two policy instruments available: the capital tax and the environmental standard. Local governments levy tax on the capital of polluting industries, with either unit taxes or ad valorem taxes.All capital tax revenues are used to provide local public goods. The aim of the thesis is to examine whether the two distinct capital tax systems lead to different outcomes.

    I find that when strategic behavior among jurisdictions is considered, both the tax rates and the environmental standards are set below the optimal levels under the two tax systems. Compared to the unit tax case, it`s even more inefficient with the ad valorem tax.

    Another finding is that the government would set both tax rate and environmental standard at the optimal level under the centralized case. Contrarily, under the decentralized cases, the competition among jurisdictions will lead to a race to the bottom in both local public goods provision and environment policy. Unit taxes and ad valorem taxes are equivalent in these two special cases.
    參考文獻: Akai, Nobuo, Ogawa, Hikaru, and Ogawa, Yoshitomo (2011), "Endogenous choice on tax instruments in a tax competition model: Unit tax versus ad valorem tax", International
    Tax and Public Finance, 18(5), 495-506.

    Cropper, ML and Oates, WE (1992), "Environmental economics - a survey", Journal of Economic Literature, 30(2), 675-740.

    Hoyt, WH (1991), "Property taxation, Nash equilibrium, and market power", Journal of Urban Economics, 30(1), 123-31.

    Kunce, M and Shogren, JF (2002), "On environmental federalism and direct emission control", Journal of Urban Economics, 51(2), 238-45.

    Kunce, M and Shogren, JF (2005), "On interjurisdictional competition and environmental federalism", Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 50(1), 212-24.

    Kunce, M and Shogren, JF (2008), "E cient decentralized scal and environmental policy: A dual purpose henry george tax", Ecological Economics, 65(3), 569-73.

    Lockwood, B (2004), "Competition in unit vs. ad valorem taxes", International Tax and Public Finance, 11(6), 763-72.

    Oates, WE and Schwab, RM (1988), "Economic ompetition among jurisdictions - effciency enhancing or distortion inducing", Journal of Public Economics, 35(3), 333-354.

    Ogawa, Hikaru and Wildasin, DE (2009), "Think locally, act locally: Spillovers, spillbacks, and e cient decentralized policymaking", American Economic Review, 99(4), 1206-17.

    Wilson, JD (1999), "Theories of tax competition", National Tax Journal, 52(2), 269-304.

    Wilson, JD and Wildasin, DE (2004), "Capital tax competition: Bane or boon", Journal of Public Economics, 88(6), 1065-91.

    Woods, ND (2006), "Interstate competition and environmental regulation: A test of the race-to-the-bottom thesis", Social Science Quarterly, 87(1), 174-89.

    Zodrow, GR and Mieszkowski, P (1986), `Pigou, Tiebout, property taxation, and the underprovision of local public goods", Journal of Urban Economics, 19(3), 356-70.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    財政研究所
    99255005
    100
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992550051
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[財政學系] 學位論文

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