Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54273
|
| Title: | 教廷與中華民國之外交關係 （一九四二年至二○一二年）: 歷史、挑戰與前景
The Diplomatic Relations between the Holy See and the Republic of China from 1942 to 2012: History, Challenges, and Perspectives |
| Authors: | 鄭天龍
Védrenne, Landry |
| Contributors: | 杜筑生
Tou, Chou Seng
鄭天龍
Védrenne, Landry |
| Keywords: | 中華民國
教廷
中華人民共和國
中梵外交關係
梵蒂岡大使館
宗教自由
挑戰
困境
僵局
Republic of China
Holy See
People’s Republic of China
Sino-Vatican diplomatic relations
Apostolic Nunciature
religious freedom
challenges
dilemmas
stalemate |
| Date: | 2011 |
| Issue Date: | 2012-10-30 10:32:35 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 教廷與中華民國之外交關係
（一九四二年至二○一二年）: 歷史、挑戰與前景
Diplomatic relations between the Republic of China (ROC) and the Holy See were established in 1942. However, after a devastating civil war, the Chinese Communists gained control of Mainland China in 1949 and established the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing. As a consequence, the Nationalist government of the ROC was forced to move from Nanking to Taipei, Taiwan. The Papal representative continued to remain at his post but the Communist government expelled him in 1951. In the following year, the Holy See decided to relocate its Apostolic Nunciature to Taipei and maintain its ties with the ROC. The tensions in the Strait between the two Chinese governments have put the Sino-Vatican relations to several tests. Indeed, the Vatican desires to normalize its relations with the PRC but is also confronted with two major issues imposed by Beijing which requests the direction of the Catholic Church in China and the end of the Holy See’s recognition of Taipei. It would strike a serious blow to Taipei if the Supreme government of the Catholic Church decides to break off diplomatic relations. It will also create a fragile position for Taiwan on the international diplomatic stage since the Holy See, at present, is the only European ally to officially recognize the ROC government. The relations of the Holy See with Taiwan are characterized by a mutually productive and cooperative partnership, especially in the promotion of human rights, culture, world peace and advocacy of religious freedom and alleviation of global poverty. This thesis aims to clarify the triangular situation between the Vatican, the ROC and the PRC and to show the challenges as well as the dilemmas the Holy See is confronted with in order to normalize its relations with China. First, this study explains the international status of the Holy See and its specific mission. Then, through a diachronic analysis, this thesis traces the evolution of Sino-Vatican relations to later on identify the difficulties the Holy See has to face across the Taiwan Strait. Then, it will analyze the efforts of Pope Benedict XVI to initiate a rapprochement with China and all the issues that have to be solved before negotiating any diplomatic ties. Based on this analysis, this thesis will show that the PRC and the Holy See are still at a stalemate and that the Vatican won’t move its Nunciature from Taipei in the foreseeable future. |
| Reference: | Allen, J. (2004, February 6). Interview with Cardinal Attilio Nicora, President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See. National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved September 12, 2011, from http://www.natcath.org/mainpage/specialdocuments/nicora.htm
Allen, J. (2005, November 25). China, Taiwan and the Vatican. National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved February 2, 2012, from http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/word112505.htm
Andreotti, G. (2007, May). China. The Pope’s letter and the future of the Catholic Church. 30days. Retrieved April 23, 2012, from http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_14517_l3.htm?id=14517
ApostolicNunciaturetoChina. (2002). In celebration of the 60 years of ROC/Holy See Diplomatic Relations. Taipei.
AsiaNews.it. (2006, February 22). Card. Zen a great help for unity, development of Chinese Church, says underground bishop. AsiaNews.it. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Card.-Zen-a-great-help-for-unity,-development-of-Chinese-Church,-says-underground-bishop-5461.html
AsiaNews.it. (2006, December 6). Card. Zen: “Beijing should learn from Vietnam and be open to religious freedom”. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Card.-Zen:-%E2%80%9CBeijing-should-learn-from-Vietnam-and-be-open-to-religious-freedom%E2%80%9D-7935.html
AsiaNews.it. (2007, July 26). Liu Bainian goes back on his invitation to Pope, and the government talks of “changing times”. AsiaNews.it. Retrieved February 25, 2012, from http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=9931&size=A
AsiaNews.it. (2007, July 2). Subdued but predictable reactions in China to Pope’s letter. AsiaNews.it. Retrieved February 21, 2012, from http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=9709
AsiaNews.it. (2007, April 6). Taiwanese president, Chen Shuibian, to attend the Pope`s funeral. Retrieved September 16, 2012, from http://www.asianews.it/index.php?art=2973&l=en
AsiaNews.it. (2007, January 20). The Pope prepares a letter to China’s Catholics. AsiaNews.it. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=8287
AsiaNews.it. (2008, November 08). Pope: "positive" developments between Taiwan and China welcome. Retrieved June 02, 2011, from http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Pope:-positive-developments-between-Taiwan-and-China-welcome-13705.html
AsiaNews.it. (2009, November 21). Card. Tomko, the Pope`s envoy to the celebrations of 150 years of evangelization in Taiwan. Retrieved June 15, 2011, from http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Card.-Tomko,-the-Pope`s-envoy-to-the-celebrations-of-150-years-of-evangelization-in-Taiwan-16926.html
AsiaNews.it. (2010, April 20). Symposium on Matteo Ricci: 90 scholars from around the world, even from China. Retrieved September 20, 2011, from http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Symposium-on-Matteo-Ricci:-90-scholars-from-around-the-world,-even-from-China-18191.html
AsiaNews.it. (2011, December 2). Historic agreement between the Holy See and Taiwan on the recognition of university degrees. Retrieved December 5, 2011, from http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Historic-agreement-between-the-Holy-See-and-Taiwan-on-the-recognition-of-university-degrees-23337.html
Barberini, G. (2003). Le Saint-Siège, sujet de droit international. Paris, France: Cerf.
Barry, P. (2005, Spring). Regulations on Religious Affairs. Tripod, XXV(136), pp. 6-18.
Barry, P. (2007, July 04). A Commentary on the Letter of Pope Benedict XVI to the Catholics of China. Retrieved October 5, 2011, from http://www.hsstudyc.org.hk/en/remarks/en_err_20070704.html
Bathon, M. (2001, May). The Atypical International Status of the Holy See. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 34, pp. 598-641.
BBCNEWS. (2007, January 25). Vietnamese leader meets pontiff. BBC News. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6297141.stm
BenedictXVI. (2008, November 12). Holy Father addresses new Ambassador of the Republic of China to the Holy See. L`Osservatore Romano(46), 7.
BenedictXVI. (2008, November 12). Holy See welcomes positive developments in relations between Taiwan and Mainland China. L`Osservatore Romano, 7.
BenedictXVI. (2010, January 11). Address of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI to the Members of the Diplomatic Corps for the Traditional Exchange of New Year Greetings. Retrieved March 14, 2012, from www.vatican.va: http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2010/january/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20100111_diplomatic-corps_en.html
BenedictXVI. (2011, January 10). Address of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI to the Members of the Diplomatic Corps. Retrieved April 14, 2012, from www.vatican.va: http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2011/january/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20110110_diplomatic-corps_en.html
BenedictXVI. (May 27, 2007). Letter of the Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI to the Bishops, Priest, Consecrated Persons and Lay Faithful of the Catholic Church in the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved November 12, 2010, from http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/letters/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_let_20070527_china_en.html
Bertone, T. (2007, February 28). Diplomacy Serves Humanity, Holy See Doesn’t Seek Its Own Interests. Zenit.org. Retrieved September 26, 2011, from http://www.zenit.org/article-19033?l=english
Bertone, T. (2007, February 23). Il Cardinale Bertone: la diplomazia vaticana al servizio del vero bene dell’uomo. Vatican Radio. (T. Campisi, Interviewer) Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.radiovaticana.org/it1/articolo.asp?c=385923
Borao, J. (2001). The Catholic Dominican missionaries in Taiwan. In Missionary approaches and linguistics in mainland China and Taiwan (pp. 101-132). Leuven : Leuven University Press .
Borao, J. (2009). The Spanish experience in Taiwan, 1626-1642. Hong Kong, China: Hong Kong University Press.
Bozzato, F. (2009). Heavenly Powers: Holy See Diplomacy toward China (Unpublished master`s thesis). University of Tasmania.
Cardinale, I. (1962). Le Saint-Siège et la diplomatie. Aperçu historique, juridique et pratique de la diplomatie pontificale. Paris, France: Desclée.
Cardinale, I. (1976). The Holy See and the International Order. Toronto: Gerrards Cross : Smythe.
Carrère d`Encausse, H. (2000). Nations et Saint-Siège au XXe siècle. Paris, France: Fayard.
Catholic.Church. (1983). Code of Canon Law, Latin - English. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
CatholicNewsAgency. (2006, February 23). Chinese Official warns newly appointed Cardinal, Bishop Zen, not to interfere into politics. Catholic News Agency. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/chinese_official_warns_newly_appointed_cardinal_bishop_zen_not_to_interfere_into_politics/
CatholicNewsAgency. (2007, July 24). Chinese official invites Pope Benedict to visit China. Catholic News Agency. Retrieved February 23, 2012, from http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/chinese_official_invites_pope_benedict_to_visit_china/
CatholicOnline. (2007, August 19). Cardinal Bertone`s Meeting With the Press. Catholic Online. Retrieved February 27, 2012, from http://www.catholic.org/featured/headline.php?ID=4701&wf=rsscol
CatholicOnline. (2007, January 30). Gov’t, church leaders laud Vatican-Vietnam meeting. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=22865
Cervellera, B. (2007, June 30). Pope’s letter: for truth and love of the Church and China. AsiaNews.it. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=9694
Chan, G. (1989, December). Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations: Problems and Prospects. China Quarterly, 120, pp. 814-836.
Chang, Y.-p. (2005, November 24). MOFA urges the Vatican to be fair . Taipei Times. Retrieved October 21, 2011, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/11/24/2003281473
Chang, Y.-p. (2005, November 10). Vatican remarks nothing new: MOFA. Taipei Times. Retrieved December 11, 2011, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/11/10/2003279525
Chang, Y.-p. (2006, March 30). Top envoy says Vatican ready to relocate embassy. Taipei Times. Retrieved October 18, 2011, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/03/30/2003299983
Chao, J. (1997). Juridical, Functional and Operational Factors Affecting Vatican Diplomacy. Tamkang Journal of International Affairs, 1(2), pp. 19-50.
Chao, J. (2000). The evolution of Vatican diplomacy. Tamkang Journal of International Affairs, 4 (4), pp. 35-63.
Charbonnier, J. (1994). Vaticano e Cina dal 1932 al 1952. In G. Agostino, Roma e Pechino, la svolta extraeuropa di Benedetto XV (pp. 261-273). Rome, Italy: Studium.
Charbonnier, J. (2002). Did the Vatican establish diplomatic relations with the Manchukuo? In The International Symposium on the History of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (Title in Chinese) (pp. 197-208). Tapei, Taiwan, ROC: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
Charbonnier, J. (2007). Christians in China. San Francisco, USA: Ignatius Press.
Charbonnier, J. (2007, Autumn). Pope Benedict opens a bright horizon to Catholics in China. Tripod, XXVII(146), pp. 44-50.
Charbonnier, J., & Politi, G. (2006). China-Vatican Relations: 1978-2005. In The Catholic Church in China: today and tomorrow (pp. 131-160). Leuven, Belgium: Ferdinand Verbiest Institute.
Chen, F.-c. (2002). A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations. Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
Chien, E. (2002). Preface. In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (pp. VIII-XI). Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
China, A. N. (2002). In celebration of the 60 years of ROC/Holy See diplomatic relations. Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
ChinaDailyagencies. (2005, April 20). China congratulates Ratzinger as new pope. China Daily. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-04/20/content_435912.htm
Ching, F. (2005). Sino-Vatican relations after the death of Jean-Paul II. China Brief, 5(8). Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3844
Chiu, Y.-T. (2005, November 26). Chen expects relations with Vatican to improve. Taipei Times. Retrieved January 8, 2012, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/11/26/2003281811
Chong, F. (2008, Spring). Cardinal Celso Costantini and the Chinese Catholic Church. Tripod, XXVIII(148), pp. 48-55.
Cioppa, J. (2006). Preface. In E. Wurth, & Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (pp. xv-xx). Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit study centre.
Clough, R. (1978). Island China. Cambridge, Mass, U.S.A.: Harvard University Press.
Colonna-Cesari, C. (1992). Urbi et Orbi, enquête sur la géopolitique vaticane. Paris, France: La découverte.
CRBCNewsBulletin. (2009, November). Highlights on the150th Anniversary of Evangelization in Taiwan. Retrieved January 5, 2012, from Chinese Regional Bishop`s conference: http://www.catholic.org.tw/en/News/News305a.html
Criveller, G. ( 2005, April 21). The smoke screen of China’s preconditions for relations with the Holy See. AsiaNews.it. Retrieved October 24, 2011, from http://www.asianews.it/news-en/The-smoke-screen-of-China`s-preconditions-for-relations-with-the-Holy-See-3108.html
Criveller, G. (2005, Summer). John Paul II and China. Tripod, XXV(137), pp. 5-30.
Criveller, G. (2007, Autumn). Reactions to the letter of Pope Benedict XVI to the Chinese Church. Tripod, XXVII(146), pp. 51-57.
D`Ornorio, J.-B. (1988). Le Saint-Siège dans les relations internationales. Paris, France: Cerf/Cujas.
Dupuy, A. (2003). Words that matter.The Holy See in multilateral diplomacy. New York, USA: The Path to Peace foundation.
Economist. (2007, July 19). Papal Diplomacy. God’s Ambassadors . Retrieved September 23, 2011, from http://www.economist.com/node/9516461
Eunice, K. Y. (2005, May 19). Taiwan Remains a Question as Vatican-China Relations Progress. Christian Today. Retrieved January 12, 2012, from http://www.christiantoday.co.uk/article/taiwan.remains.a.question.as.vatican.china.relations.progress./2922.htm
FindArticles.com. (2007, February 5). H.K. cardinal says Vietnam-Vatican ties a good model for China. Asian Economic News. Retrieved January 10, 2012, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDP/is_2007_Feb_5/ai_n17168009/pg_2/?tag=content;col1
Globe, B. (2007, March 10). Pope’s envoy hails Putin meeting”. Retrieved January 17, 2012, from http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2007/03/10/popes_envoy_hails_putin_meeting/
Goff, P. (2005, Avril 10). Vatican will abandon Taiwan to win China`s Catholics. The Telegraph. Retrieved November 12, 2011, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/1487535/Vatican-will-abandon-Taiwan-to-win-Chinas-Catholics.html
Graham, R. (1959). Vatican diplomacy : a study of church and state on the international plane. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press.
Haberman, C. (1989, December 2). The Kremlin and the Vatican; Gorbachev Visits Pope at Vatican; Ties Are Forged. The New York times. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/02/world/the-kremlin-and-the-vatican-gorbachev-visits-Pope-at-vatican-ties-are-forged.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
Hanson, E. (1987). The Catholic Church in World Politics. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press.
Heyndrickx, J. (2005, Summer). John Paul II, the Pope of dialogue and of the "unfinished encouter" with the P.R.C. Tripod, XXV(137), pp. 37-43.
JohnPaulII. (1981). True Christians and authentic Chinese, February 18, 1981. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (pp. 182-186). Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit Center.
JohnPaulII. (1982). Fr. Matteo Ricci established a bridge between the Church and Chinese Culture. In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (pp. 158-168). Taipei, Taiwan, ROC: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
JohnPaulII. (1982). Pope`s letter to Bishops of the World inviting them to pray for the Church in China. In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (pp. 139-145). Taipei, Taiwan, ROC: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
JohnPaulII. (1983). Letter to Chinese Leader Deng Xiaoping. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal Documents Related to China (1979-2005) (pp. 202-203). Hong-Kong, China: Holy Spirit Study Center.
JohnPaulII. (1984). To the Taiwan Bishops and the Chinese Diaspora: "Be a Bridge-Church". In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (pp. 262-266). Hong Kong, China, China: Holy Spirit Study Center.
JohnPaulII. (1989). I commend to Mary the Peoples of North Korea and Mainland China, October 8, 1989. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (pp. 204-205). Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit.
JohnPaulII. (1999, September 26). Angelus, Domenica, 26 settembre 1999. Retrieved January 16, 2012, from http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/angelus/1999/documents/hf_jp-ii_ang_26091999_it.html
JohnPaulII. (2000). Address to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (p. 406). Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit Center.
JohnPaulII. (2001). Message of Pope John Paul II, Fourth Centenary of Matteo Ricci`s Arrival in Beinjing. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (pp. 313-319). Hong-Kong, China: Holy Spirit Study Center.
JohnPaulII. (2002). Address to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (p. 407). Hong-Kong, China: Holy Spirit Study Center.
Johnston, D. (2003). Faith-Based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
JohnXXIII. (1958). An address of Pope XXIII to a secret consistory of the College of Cardinals, December 15, 1958. In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations. (pp. 60-69). Taipei, Taiwan, ROC: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
JohnXXIII. (1959). In Sorrows and Joys of the Church, Address of Pope John XXIII to the Faithful on May 17, 1959. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (pp. 125-129). Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit Center.
JohnXXIII. (1961). Letter to the Hierarchy in Formosa, 29 June 1961. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (pp. 131-135). Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit Center.
Kent, P., & Pollard, J. (1994). A diplomacy unlike any other: Papal diplomacy in the niteteenth and twentieth centuries. In P. Kent, J. Pollard, P. Kent, & J. Pollard (Eds.), Papal diplomacy in the modern age (pp. 11-21). Westport, CT, USA: Praegers Publishers.
Kunz, J. L. (1952, April). The status of the Holy See in international law. American society of international law, 46(2), pp. 308-314.
Ladous, R., & Blanchard, P. (2010). Le Vatican et le Japon dans la guerre de la Grande Asie orientale, la mission de Marella. Paris, France: Desclée de Brouwer.
Lazzarotto, A. (2002, Spring). Progress in Religious Freedom in China? Tripod, Vol. 22, No. 124, Spring 2002, XX(124).
Leung, B. (1992). Sino-Vatican Relations: Problems in Conflicting Authority, 1976-1986. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Leung, B. (1998, March). The Sino-Vatican Negotiations: Old Problems in a New Context. The China Quarterly, 153, pp. 128-140.
Leung, B. (2001). Communist Party-Vatican interplay over the training of Church leaders in China. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(4).
Leung, B. (2002). Sino-Vatican relations on the thresold of the twenty-first century. In The International Symposium on the History of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (Title in Chinese) (pp. 321-353). Taipei, Taiwan, ROC: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
Leung, B. (2005, December). China`s religious freedom policy: the art of managing religious activity. The China Quaterly, 184, pp. 894-913.
Leung, B. (2005, May). Sino–Vatican Relations at the Century`s Turn. Journal of Contemporary China, 14(43), pp. 353-370.
Liu, P. ( 2001, October 31). Preserving ties with the Vatican. Taipei Times. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2001/10/31/0000109485
Lu, M. (1999, March 26). Holy See urged to respect ties. Taiwan Today. Retrieved december 11, 2011, from http://taiwantoday.tw/ct.asp?xItem=17034&CtNode=103
Lu, M. (2002, March 29). Successful end to Annette Lu`s visit to Europe. Taiwan Today. Retrieved January 18, 2012, from http://taiwantoday.tw/ct.asp?xItem=19279&CtNode=103
Luehrmann, L. (2009, July/September). The Red Flag and the Ring: the dances surrounding the Vatican ties. Asian Politics & Policy, 1(3), pp. 489-507.
Ma, Y.-j. (2008). Inaugural adress, Taiwan`s Renaissance. Retrieved January 15, 2011, from http://english.president.gov.tw/Portals/4/FeaturesSection/Other-feature-articles/20080520_PRESIDENT_INAUGURAL/e_speech.html
Ma, Y.-j. (2009). Taiwan and the Holy are peace partners. Newsletter(2). Retrieved November 15, 2011, from http://www.taiwanembassy.org/public/Data/97171355471.pdf
Magister, S. (2003, September 9). China and the Vatican: The Points of Disagreement. Retrieved September 15, 2011, from www.chiesa.expressonline.it: http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/6974?eng=y
Magister, S. (2006, March 3). The Vatican’s New Policy on China Has a Color: Cardinal Red. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from www.chiesa.expressoonline.it: http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/47284?eng=y
Magister, S. (2007, Avril 5). Easter in Vietnam: An Extraordinary Account. www.chiesa. Retrieved January 16, 2012, from http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/131463?eng=y
Magister, S. (2007, July 23). The Pope Writes, but the Beijing Authorities don’t respond. Retrieved February 27, 2012, from www.chiesaexpressonline.it: http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/157081?eng=y
Magister, S. (2008, 8 May). Dalla nunziatura di Taiwan se ne va l’ultimo. Ma non spegne la luce. Settimo Cielo. Retrieved December 14, 2011, from http://magister.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it/2008/05/08/dalla-nunziatura-di-taiwan-se-ne-va-lultimo-e-spegne-la-luce
Maheu, B. A. (2005, November 7). The Catholic Church in China. America Press News, 193(14), pp. 8-14.
Mickens, R. (2007, March 17). Putin Visits Vatican but Does Not Invite Pope Benedict XVI to Russia. The Tablet. Retrieved January 17, 2012, from http://www.thetablet.co.uk/article/9506
MOFA, V. (2007, January 26). PM Dung meets Pope, Vatican PM. Retrieved January 18, 2012, from http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/nr040807104143/nr040807105001/ns070126100821
News.va. (2012, February 28). Holy See-Vietnam conclude meeting. News.Va the Vatican today. Retrieved April 21, 2012, from http://www.news.va/en/news/holy-see-vietnam-conclude-meeting
O`Connell, G. (2007, January 31). Vatican Vista. UCAN News. Retrieved February 25, 2012, from http://www.usccb.net/church-updates/Vatican%20Vista31Jan07.pdf
OfficeofthePresidentoftheRepublicofChina(Taiwan). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://english.president.gov.tw
OfficeofthePresidentoftheRepublicofChina(Taiwan). (2009, November 20). President Ma Meets Papal Special Envoy Jozef Cardinal Tomko. Retrieved January 5, 2012, from http://english.president.gov.tw/Default.aspx?tabid=491&itemid=18233&rmid=2355&sort=0&order=0
OfficeofthePresidentoftheRepublicofChina(Taiwan). (2009, September 11). President Ma Meets Pontifical Council Cor Unum President Cardinal Paul Josef Cordes. Retrieved January 11, 2012, from http://english.president.gov.tw/Default.aspx?tabid=491&itemid=16346&rmid=2355
OfficeofthePresidentoftheRepublicofChina(Taiwan). (2011, December 1). President Ma meets His Eminence Zenon Cardinal Grocholewski, Prefect of Congregation for Catholic Education in Holy See. Retrieved February 12, 2012, from http://english.president.gov.tw/Default.aspx?tabid=491&itemid=26038&rmid=2355
PaulVI. (1963). Message to Chinese Leaders. In E. Wurth, & B. Maheu (Ed.), Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005 (p. 141). Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit Study Center.
Pentin, E. (2012, May 25). A day of prayer for China. Newsmax. Retrieved May 25, 2012, from http://www.newsmax.com/EdwardPentin/Prayer-China-Catholics-Pope/2012/05/25/id/440331
Pianigiani, G. (2011, January 13). Vatican: Envoy to Vietnam Appointed. The New York times. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/14/world/europe/14webbrfs.html
Pietro, P. (2007, March 17). La testimonianza di mons. Pietro Parolin sulla recente visita di una delegazione vaticana in Viêt Nam. Vatican Radio. (G. Peduto, Interviewer) Retrieved January 22, 2012, from http://www.radiovaticana.org/radiogiornale/ore14/2007/marzo/07_03_17.htm#vietnam
Pitman, B. P. (2003, June). Belief in Control: Regulation of Religion in China. The China Quarterly, 174, pp. 317-337.
Pontifical.Council.Cor.Unum. (2009, September 6-11). Spiritual Exercises (Taipei). Retrieved September 25, 2011, from http://www.fjac.fju.edu.tw/corunum/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=45
Puet, T. (2007, March 13). Vatican diplomat expresses hope for normalizing relations with China. CatholicNewsService. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0701419.htm
Reese, T. (1998). Inside the Vatican: The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church. Cambridge (Massachusetts), USA: Harvard University Press.
RepublicofChinaGovernmentEntryPoint. (1999). Government stance on reported PRC-Vatican contact. Retrieved February 8, 2012, from Government Entry Point: http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=11107&ctNode=1933&mp=999
RIANovosti. (2009, December 3). Russia establishes diplomatic relations with Vatican. RIA Novosti. Retrieved March 21, 2012, from http://en.rian.ru/world/20091203/157089972.html
Rouxel, J.-Y. (1998). Le Saint-Siège sur la scène internationale. Paris, France: L`Harmattan.
Russell, P. (2010, March 25). Radio Taiwan international interviews Msgr. Paul Russell. Radio Taiwan International. (C. Huang, Interviewer) Taipei, Taiwan, ROC: CRBC NEWS/ Bulletin. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from http://www.catholic.org.tw/en/News/News308a.html
Schweller, R. (1994, Summer). Bandwagoning for profit: bringing the revisionist state back in. International Security, 19(1), pp. 72-107.
Shan, P. (2002). Preface. In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (pp. I-VII). Taipei: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
Smith, H. (2011). The People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Vatican: Prospects for Rapprochement. Working Papers, Current Issues in Religion and Politics, University of St. Andrews, the Centre for the Study of Religion and Politics (CSRP), Scotland, UK. Retrieved February 10, 2012, from http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/media/CIRPIII%2011120042.pdf
Spencer, R. (2005, May 16). Vatican ready to sacrifice Taiwan for China Telegraph. Telegraph. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/1490120/Vatican-ready-to-sacrifice-Taiwan-for-China.html
Staffwriterwithagencies. (2005, November 23). Taiwan Quick Take. Taipei Times. Retrieved December 3, 2011, from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/11/23/2003281360
Stanley, A. (1999, March 23). Vatican to Review Taiwan Ties. The New-York Times. Retrieved 12 12, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/23/world/vatican-to-review-taiwan-ties.html
Tai, R. (1999). Reflections on my mission to the Holy See. In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (pp. 529-544). Taipei, Taiwan, ROC : Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
Tai, R. (2001). Globalization: challenges and opportunities for the Republic of China. In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (pp. 579-582). Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
Tai, R. (2002). The Vatican`s Dilemma: Taipei and/or Beijing? In A Collection of Documents on the History of the 60 Years of Sino-Vatican Diplomatic Relations (pp. 600-615). Taipei, Taiwan, ROC: Institute of Catholic History, Fujen Catholic University.
TaiwanToday. (2009, September 04). Vatican’s man visits on Morakot mission. Retrieved September 20, 2011, from http://www.taiwantoday.tw/ct.asp?xItem=62445&ctNode=413
Tauran, J.-L. ( 2002). The Presence of the Holy See in The International Organization, magisterial lecture. Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy. Retrieved September 12, 2011, from http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/STATINT
Thavis, J. (2007, June 30). Papal letter to Chinese Catholics seeks to unite divided communities. Catholic News Service. Retrieved from http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0703773.htm
TheChristianCentury. (2007, February 20). Vatican strengthens ties with Vietnam but not with China. The Christian Century. Retrieved March 22, 2012, from http://www.christiancentury.org/article/2007-02/vatican-strengthens-ties-vietnam-not-china
Ticozzi, S. (2009, Spring). Lou Tseng-Tsiang (1871-1949) and Sino-Vatican diplomatic relations. Tripod, XXIX(152), pp. 9-22.
Tofani, R. (2011, February 3). God and state draw closer in Vietnam. Asia Times. Retrieved from http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/MB03Ae01.html
VaticanRadio. (2009, August 22). Pope`s aid for Taiwan tyhpoon victims. Retrieved 17 2012, January, from http://storico.radiovaticana.org/in2/storico/2009-08/311200_pope_s_aid_for_taiwan_typhoon_victims.html
Walt, S. (1987). The Origins of Alliances. Cornell University Press.
Walt, S. (1988, Spring). Testing Theories of Alliance Formation: The Case of Southwest Asia. International Organization, 42(2), 275-316.
Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
Wang, K. (2011, February). Taiwan’s Diplomatic Policy under the MA Ying-jeou Administration. Palo Alto, USA. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http://iis-db.stanford.edu/evnts/6065/Taiwan%27s_diplomatic_policies.pdf
Wang, L. (2008, November 12). The New Amassador of China greets Pope Benedict XVI. L`Osservatore Romano, 7.
Wang, L. (2011, January 15). Taiwan`s Ambassador to Holy See on Pope`s "state of the world" address. (R. Vatican, Interviewer) Rome, Italy. Retrieved from http://www.fluctu8.com/podcast-episode/taiwans-ambassador-to-holy-see-on-popes-state-of-the-world-address-15017-82462.html
Wang, P. (2010). Le premier concile plénier chinois: Shanghai 1924. Paris, France: Cerf.
Wei, L. (1966). Le Saint-Siège, la France et la Chine sous le pontificat de Léon XIII. Schöneck/Beckenried, Switzerland: Les cahiers de la nouvelle revue de science missionnaire.
Wei, L. (1968). Le Saint-Siège et la Chine de Pie XI à nos jours. Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France: A. Allais.
Wiest, J.-P. C. (December 2005). Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini, 1876-1958. China Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity, Shanghai. Retrieved August 25, 2011, from http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/c/costantini-celso.php
Wooden, C. ( 2008, January 10). Taiwan’s president asks pope to support bid to join United Nations. Catholic News Service. Retrieved November 7, 2011, from http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0800157.htm
Wooden, C. (2012, February 28). Vatican says relations with Vietnam continue to improve. Catholic Register. Retrieved April 21, 2012, from http://www.catholicregister.org/news/international/item/13953-vatican-says-relations-with-vietnam-continue-to-improve
Wu, S. (2009, September 28). Taiwan grants Vatican passport holders visa-free privilege. Taiwan News-Central News Agency. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1068254&lang=eng_news
Wu, Y.-S. (2000). Theorizing on relations accross the Taiwan Srait: nine contending approaches. Journal of Contemporary China, 9(25), pp. 407-428.
Wurth, E. (2006). Papal documents related to China: 1937-2005. (B. Maheu, Ed.) Hong Kong, China: Holy Spirit Center.
XinhuaNewsAgency. (2005, April 21). China congratulates New Pope. China.org.cn. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.china.org.cn/archive/2005-04/21/content_1126468.htm
Zhosul, E. (2007, March 13). Russia and the Holy See: a new aspect in diplomatic dialogue. Interfax. Retrieved March 16, 2012, from http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=analysis&div=42
陳方中、江國雄, Chen, F., & Chiang, G. (2003). 中梵外交關係史 (Zhōng fàn wàijiāo guānxì shǐ). Taipei, 臺北, Taiwan, 臺灣: 臺灣商務印書館, Táiwān shāngwù yìn shūguǎn. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
99926014
100 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099926014 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [亞太研究英語博/碩士學位學程(IDAS/IMAS)] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 601401.pdf | 1412Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1488 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
