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    Title: 從伺火到護摩:東亞秘密佛教中火祠之變
    From Agnihotra to Homa: The Transformation of Fire Sacrifice in East Asian Esoteric Buddhism
    Authors: 黃柏棋
    Huang, Pochi
    Contributors: 政大宗教所
    Keywords: 密續;火供;護摩;;內護摩與外護摩
    tantra;agnihotra;homa;fire;inner
    Date: 2011-06
    Issue Date: 2012-09-13 11:14:25 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文先對秘密佛教在東亞的歷史及純密與雜密之分做了回顧與檢視,接著再進入正題。密續中的護摩(homa,火供或燒供、燒施,藏文Sbyin-sreg,同時見之於印度教及佛教教法)源於吠陀一事,明載於佛教密教部。就其源頭,吠陀時代事火之法(agnihotra)本跟火之祭祀本身無直接關係,而是跟天上之火——太陽之周行不墜之祕密不可分離。事火之法等於是護持日出日落,使太陽不至於掉落之符咒。然其意義在吠陀時代之後有所變化,成為流佈於民間持火、燒供、祈福之事。佛陀對於婆羅門之祭祀持反對態度,而阿含經典火之象徵意義則正負兼之。一則感官世界如同熊熊烈火,易燃起貪瞋痴之原;然而也只有智慧之火可將無明之毒滅絕。不過佛教真言法門之火供,其世俗面向昭然若揭。如此一來,密續護摩不但要跟印度教思想作出區隔,也要超越火供的現世欲求諸如息災、增益和調伏等法。於是乃有出世護摩跟入世護摩之分,三昧真火等智慧之光之象徵成為佛教護摩的另層意義。就東亞歷史而言,密續在中晚唐之宗教勢力榮景,可由法門寺地宮之出土文物見出。由地宮之舍利供養所表現之密續內容,可看到護摩之重要性及秘密佛教對宮庭信仰之影響力量,而護摩可能在唐代為祕續佛寺每日必做的儀軌。慧琳將護摩類比為祭四郊五岳等國之大祭,亦可見出其重大政治意涵。
    Relation: 世界宗教學刊, 17, 37-70
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of Religious Studies] Periodical Articles

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