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    题名: 國際貨幣基金治理體系之改革
    其它题名: Governance Reform of the International Monetary Fund
    作者: 施文真
    贡献者: 國立政治大學國際貿易學系
    行政院國家科學委員會
    关键词: 經濟;國際貨幣基金
    日期: 2010
    上传时间: 2012-06-22 09:49:14 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 依據「國際貨幣基金會協定」之規定，IMF 會員國於IMF 之投票權，除了每個會員國有相同之基本票數之外，會隨著該會員國所認繳的分派額度不同而有所不同，分派額度越高之會員所擁有的票數越多，而會員國之分派額度代表著該國的經濟實力、並會定期進行調整，此造成IMF 之決策機制以及更全面性IMF 治理議題成為各方批評IMF 的關鍵議題之一。據此，IMF 於2006 年開始啟動其治理機制的改革，主要先針對分派額度以及票數進行改革方案的研究，此一改革方案經過兩年的討論後，由IMF 理事會於 2008.4.28 通過。此一改革方案僅為IMF 整體治理改革的第一步，於許多針對IMF 治理改革之建議方案中，有些提議者提出IMF 是否可考慮採取所謂「雙重多數決」之制度。事實上「雙重多數決」的制度已為一些國際組織所採納，最著名的案例即為「全球環境設施」（Global Environment Facility，以下簡稱GEF）。GEF 由世界銀行於1991 年設立，於1994 年進行重整後，由參與的各會員國組成一特殊的國際財務機制，其大會以及理事會應以共識決的方式運作並做出其所有決議，如果共識決無法達成必須要舉行正式投票時，理事會必須以「雙重多數決」－要有超過百分之六十的會員以及超過百分之六十的提供財務資金者兩重的多數決－的方式通過其任何決議：此一決策模式係充分反應出當初「氣候變化公約」等公約要求GEF 必須以透明公平的方式進行重整的要求。由上述可得知，GEF 之雙重多數決的設計，背後之原因即出自於許多開發中國家對於IMF 與世銀下之決策機制的不滿意，因此，此一機制的歷史背景、法律設計、運作的成效、以及是否影響其他之國際組織，對於目前IMF 所啟動的治理改革方案，是否足以作為借鏡，即為本研究計畫主要進行分析的議題。
    According to the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, each Member shall have 250 basic votes plus one additional vote for each part of its quota equivalent to 100,000 SDRs. As the number of quotas increases via several quota adjustments that have been be taken place in the past few decades, the percentage of basic votes decrease. Such system is just one of the factors that lead to the constant call for a comprehensive governance reform of the IMF. The Reform of the IMF Quotas and Voice was initiated in 2006, leading to the adoption of the reform package by the Board of Governors in 2008. This reform is the first step of the overall governance reform of the IMF. Some of the reform proposals suggested by researchers include the adoption of the so-called “double majority voting system”. Such a system has been adopted and practiced by other international institutions, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) being one notable example. Being set up by the World Bank in 1991 and undergone a serious of restructure, the GEF is an international financial mechanism independent from the World Bank. The Assembly and the Council of the GEF adopt the practice of consensus in reaching most of its decisions. However, if consensus fails, a double majority voting within the Council should be used: an affirmative vote representing both 60% majority of the total number of Participants and a 60% majority of the total contributions. The main rationale behind reforming the GEF was to address the concern of developing countries with regard to the decision-making process of the World Bank, which is similar to that of the IMF. Thus, this research project aims to analyse whether lessons can be leaned from the experiences of the GEF in the pursuit of the overall governance reform of the IMF.
    關聯: 基礎研究
    學術補助
    研究期間:9908~ 10007
    研究經費:407仟元
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[國際經營與貿易學系 ] 國科會研究計畫

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