政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/52048

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Title:	道教靈寶經典中「梵」觀念之研究
Other Titles:	A Study of the Concept of Brahma in Daoist Lingbao Scriptures
Authors:	謝世維
Contributors:	行政院國家科學委員會國立政治大學宗教研究所
Keywords:	梵;靈寶經;度人經;道教 Brahm;Fanqi;Lingbao scriptures;Scripture of Salvation;Daoism
Date:	2008
Issue Date:	2011-11-15 09:15:22 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	此研究計畫以五世紀左右的道教靈寶經典中「梵」觀念之研究。靈寶經典之「梵」觀念係源自佛教西元二到三世紀的江南佛教翻譯材料中「梵」觀念的使用，而在佛教翻譯典籍之中的「梵」依經典脈絡則具有不同意函。從這些佛教翻譯典籍中可看出，「梵」是Brahm. 的音譯，但是「梵」字很少單獨出現，更多的是與梵字相連結的各種詞彙，這些詞彙各有著不同層面的意義，從天界名相到宗教倫理與修行等諸層面，而「梵」字也因為與其相接的字辭而在內涵上有所不同。江南地區這段時期的佛教翻譯作品對中國宗教經典乃至思想、文學有著深刻的影響，其中與佛教密切相關的靈寶經典更融合了許多佛教術語及觀念。元始系靈寶經大量援用了「梵」的概念，並進而對「梵」觀念進行不同的運用與轉化，尤其是以《元始無量度人上品妙經》為核心的相關經典中對佛教文獻中「梵」觀念的借用，可以看出靈寶經的作者們對「梵」作了某種程度的置換與轉化。這種借用大致可分為作為宇宙天界領域的「梵天」、作為神聖書體的「梵書」以及作為神聖音韻與唱誦的「梵音」等三個部分，而這三個層面皆可見之於《元始無量度人上品妙經》以及相關連的靈寶經典之中，並對這三層面的「梵」概念作了轉化並加以重新塑造，例如從佛教與「梵」相關的天界名相當中，靈寶經典提煉出「梵.」的觀念，成為道的具體化，並成為萬範開張的基礎。本研究計畫擬全面考察此三層面的借用，研究靈寶經典的作者如何透過這種置換以符合道教整體思維，使之看起來像是一個符合風尚的新名相與新概念，但在內涵上卻是中國人所熟悉，並透過這種具佛教味道的新詞彙與新觀念，使靈寶經典看來似乎能融通包攝佛教，並因此吸收更廣的信徒。 This project focus on the study of the concept of fan 梵in the fifth century Daoist Lingbao scriptures. The concept of fan in Lingbao scriptures was borrowed from translated Buddhist scriptures in 2nd-3rd centuries. In Chinese Buddhist literature the word fan has various means, depend on the context. The word was derived from the name 「Brahm.,」 and was used to refer to the celestial heavens, celestial scripts, and certain religious practices. During the period of 4th -5th century, Buddhism had already spread among the gentry and the aristocracy of the Southern China. Certain terms and notions of Buddhism had impact on Chinese cultures and literatures. The authors of Lingbao scriptures not only adopt the idea of fan from the Buddhist contexts, but also modified the concept to constitute a new model of cosmology. The discussion of the concept of fan in Lingbao scriptures will focus on three issues: the Brahm. heaven in cosmology, the Brahm. script in celestial writing, and the sound of Brahm. in ritual chanting. For example, according to the Lingbao tradition, 「Brahman Qi」 refers to the 「primal pneuma」 which swirled in undifferentiation before the separation of Yin and Yang. In this context, the Brahm. were not created by celestial beings but generated spontaneously at the time of cosmogenesis. This research will explore these three issues and explain how the authors of Lingbao scriptures transform and reinterpret the notion to constitute a new model of textual context. In this manner, they created a more broad and supreme worldview, one which integrated Buddhist and Chinese elements. This borrowing and transforming of the notion Brahm. eventually served its purpose, integrating a new concept into the Daoist context, and attracting more followers.
Relation:	基礎研究學術補助研究期間:2008/01/01~2008/12/31 研究經費:160仟元
Data Type:	report
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Religious Studies] NSC Projects

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