| Abstract: | 檔案價值貴在應用，檔案工作的目的在於辨?並保存使用者需要的檔案資訊，檔案機構必須有系統地進?使用者研究，以確知使用者的真正需求，從而可發揮館藏的真正價值。過去檔案館進?檔案徵集工作，強?地依賴檔案人員對於檔案的熟悉程?，甚至是依賴檔案人員的第?感，檔案人員對於使用者需求的瞭解，是透過與使用者和史學研究者的討?，並長期?回檔案閱覽室對於?者的觀察，甚至鑽研?史出版品所載?的研究重點。自1980 ?代檔案使用與使用者研究開始受到重視，檔案人員開始以使用者的角?評估館藏與服務，所採用的使用者研究主要有?個研究取向，一是從事「調查研究」，?用問卷、實地觀察或訪談，瞭解使用者的看法和意?，反映的是使用者認為有用的意?，未必是真正的使用；另一個研究方式是「引用文獻分析」，透過?考書目與實際引用文獻的計?研究，瞭解真正被使用者應用而且發揮效益的檔案。引用文獻分析有別於調查研究方式，是能探知對使用者而言，真正使用到而且被引用的檔案材?。引用文獻分析相較於使用調查研究，可以進一步分析使用者所使用的檔案特性，有助於預測檔案未?使用的趨勢，可提供檔案價值鑑定決策的?考。本研究目的在於瞭解檔案館主要使用對象的?史學者，使用檔案情形與使用意?。研究設計兼採引用文獻分析與使用者訪談方式，第一?研究以「臺灣人文學引文?引核心期刊」(THCI Core)所收?之?史學期刊為分析對象，包括《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》、《東吳?史學報》、《國?政治大學?史學報》、《新史學》、《臺大?史學報》、《臺灣史研究》、《臺灣師大?史學報》等七份期刊近五?（2006－2010）?著性質之文獻及其引用書目，分析?史?著之研究?代、語文、合著現象、作者生產?及其平均引文?，接續分析各篇?著之引用文獻特性，統計引文資??型、引文研究?代、語文、引用的核心期刊，並針對引用之檔案資?深入剖析被引用之檔案資??代、檔案?型、語文、檔案全宗與檔案館藏?源。第二?研究接續採用深?訪談方式，瞭解?史學者引用檔案文獻的動機、使用檔案文獻的過程與困難，並探究?史學者對於使用檔案館藏的看法與建議。最終歸納引文分析結果與使用者檔案館藏使用意?，提出檔案館藏發展與檔案館?者服務規劃之相關建議。
The value of archives is access. The ultimate goal of archival work is to identify and preserve information that is users? need. The archival institutions have to carry out systematic user studies for realizing the information needs of users and promoting the value of archival collections. In the past, the acquisition of archival collection was depended deeply on the archivists? familiarity with collections, even was based largely on that sixth sense of archivists. The archivists met the demands of users were through conversations with researchers, through observation of users?needs gained from long years of moving back and forth between the reading room and the stacks, through reading the subject of history literature. Since the 1980s the use and users study of archives has attached great importance. The archivists have begun to evaluate archival collection and services from the users? point of view. The two most common types of user studies are surveys or citation analyses. The survey on questionnaires, observation or interview solicits data directly from users in an attempt to record the impressions of users. The limitations of survey are what users say they use and find useful but not what is actually used. By way of contrast, the citation analysis looks at references in literature in order to determine what materials are actually used. A citation analysis can reveal the characteristic of archives that users use so as to be helpful in archives appraisal decisions. This study attempts to examine the informational needs and access experiences of historians in archives. The methodology combines two types of citation analysis and users interview. The first year, citation studies analyze all footnotes and references cited in articles published between 2006 and 2010 from 7 historical Journals : Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica, Soochow Journal of History, The Journal of History, New History, Historical Inquiry, Taiwan Historical Research and Bulletin of Historical Research. These historical Journals are collected in THCI Core. First, this study analyzed research periods, languages, degree of collaboration, productivity of authors and average of references in articles as well as the material types, research periods, languages, core journals in citations. Second, the archival content periods, data types, languages, fond and archives collection were also addressed and analyzed. The second year, in-deep interview are taken for analyzing the historians motivation and the difficulties of access archival collection. The opinions and advices of users also can be gathered. Finally, the suggestions of archival collection development and public service policies are proposed to be reference. |
