Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50051
|
Title: | South Korea`s Best Strategy against China: US Ballistic Missile Defense |
Authors: | 康碩浩 Kang, Seok Ho |
Contributors: | 李明 Lee, Ming 康碩浩 Kang, Seok Ho |
Keywords: | 韓國 South Korea China Ballistic Missile Defense ROK-US Alliance Offensive Realism United States |
Date: | 2009 |
Issue Date: | 2010-12-09 16:58:25 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | South Korea should join the US BMD in Northeast Asia. Application of Offensive Realism clearly shows that China is a potential threat to South Korea, and Seoul requires an alliance partner in order to counter the threat from the west. The immense latent power and offensive military capabilities of China, coupled with its nuclear strategic weapons render China as a potential threat to South Korean national security. No independent action from South Korea would be sufficient to balance against China, hence the need for an ally.
The United States is already engaged in relative power maximization against China. In addition, its role as an offshore balancer and status as a regional hegemon in the western hemisphere makes the US the most ideal alliance partner for South Korea.
The alliance with the US to balance against China cannot be built upon the existing ROK-US alliance, because the current status of the alliance has deteriorated. One of the key causes of alliance deterioration could be attributed to the unilateral American security assistance to South Korea. Seoul’s participation in the US BMD would solve the non-reciprocating role of South Korea found in the existing ROK-US alliance. Because the benefits from South Korea’s participation in the US BMD are great for Washington, Seoul would be able to secure the US as an alliance partner to balance against China.
Keywords: US, South Korea, China, Ballistic Missile Defense, ROK-US Alliance, Offensive Realism. |
Reference: | < Government Documents > Cliff, Roger. The Development of China’s Air Force Capabilities. Testimony presented before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Rand Corporation Testimony Series CT-346, 20 May 2010. 전성훈 (Chun, Sung-hoon). 미 • 일의 TMD 구상과 한국의 전략적 선택 (US-Japan’s TMD Concept and South Korea’s Strategic Choice). 통일연구원 (Korea Institute for National Unification), 연구총서 (Research Series) No. 2000-01, 2000. Hildreth, Steven A. Ballistic Missile Defense: Historical Overview, RS22120. U.S. Congressional Research Service, 7 July 2007. 황진하 (Hwang, Jin Ha), 주변국 미사일위협 분석과 한국의 미사일방어체계 구축에 관한 연구 (Analysis on Missile Threats from Neighboring Countries and Research on Deployment of South Korean Missile Defense System). The Office of ROK National Assemblyman Hwang Jin Ha, 2007. Kan, Shirley A. China: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles, 97-391F. U.S. Congressional Service, 10 August 2000. Kan, Shirley A. U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress, RL32496, U.S. Congressional Research Service, 15 April 2009. Kan, Shirley A. et al. China-U.S. Aircraft Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications, RL30946. U.S. Congressional Research Service, 10 October 2001. Korea-U.S. Security Consultative Meeting Joint Communiqué of the 35th Security Consultative Meeting, 17 November 2003. National Defense Committee of the ROK National Assembly. 國防委員會會議錄 第1號 (Defense Committee Meeting Minutes Number 1). The 240th Special Session of the ROK National Assembly, 19 June 2003. Nikitin, Mary Beth. North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons: Technical Issues, RL34256. U.S. Congressional Research Service, 26 May 2009. Niksch, Larry A. North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Development and Diplomacy, RL33590. U.S. Congressional Research Service, 27 May 2009. O’Rourke, Ronald. Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress, RL33745. U.S. Congressional Research Service, 8 April 2010. Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense. Defense White Paper 2008 English Version. Seoul: ROK MND Defense Policy Division, December 2008. Sharp, General Walter L. Statement of General Walter L. Sharp, Commander, United Nations Command; Commander, Republic of Korea-United States Combined Forces Command; and Commander ,United States Forces Korea before the Senate Armed Services Committee. Prepared Statement for Testimony to the US Senate Armed Service Committee, 19 March 2009, accessed 26 May 2010 [available: http://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/March/Sharp%2003-19-09.pdf]. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, 8 April 2010. US Department of Defense. Annual Report on the Military Power of the People’s Republic of China: Report to Congress Pursuant to the FY2000 National Defense Authorization Act. Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense, March 2009. US Department of Defense. Ballistic Missile Defense Review Report. Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense, February 2010. US Department of Defense. Nuclear Posture Review Report. Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense, April 2010. Yu, Jiang Yu. “Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Jiang Yu’s Regular Press Conference on January 12, 2010.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, 13 January 2010. Press and Media Service-Spokespersons’ Remarks-Regular Press Conference, accessed 29 June 2010 [available: http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xwfw/s2510/2511/t651245.htm]. < Books and Chapters in Books > Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2009. Washington , DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2009, accessed 22 Mar. 2010 [available: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html 정욱식 (Cheong, Wook-sik). MD미사일방어체제 (MD Missile Defense System). Gyunggi-do, South Korea: Sallim, 2008. 조홍제 (Cho, Hong-jae). 미사일 방어와 한국의 선택 (Missile Defense and Korea). Seoul: Hanuri Media, 2007. Goldstein, Avery. “An Emerging Grand Strategy: A Neo-Bismarkian Turn?” In International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific, eds. G. John Ikenberry and Michael Mastanduno, pp. 57-106. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Jia, Qingguo, “China’s Nuclear Weapon Policy.” In Perspectives on Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Issues, ed. Christopher P. Twomey, pp. 87-92. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. 김성걸 (Kim, Sung-gul). 한국의 미사일 방어 (South Korea’s Choice on Missile Defense). Ph.D. Dissertation, Sung Kyun Kwan University-South Korea, February 2008. 이장호 (Lee, Jang-ho). 공중 • 미사일방어를 위한 KDX-III급 함정의 외부시스템 능력에 관한 연구 (A Study on the External System Capabilities of the KDX-III Class for Air and Missile Defense). Master’s Dissertation, Republic of Korea National Defense University, December 2007. May, Michael. “The U.S.-China Strategic Relationship.” In Perspectives on Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Issues, ed. Christopher P. Twomey, pp. 41-56. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2001. Nacht, Michael. “Confronting Gathering Threats: U.S. Strategic Policy.” In Perspectives on Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Issues, ed. Christopher P. Twomey, 73-86. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Pan, Zhenqiang. “Chinese Perspective on Strategic Context of Nuclear Weapons and Implications for the New Nuclear World Order.” In Perspectives on Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Issues, ed. Christopher P. Twomey, pp. 57-72. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. 박은주 (Park, Eun-ju). 한국적 미사일방어에 대한 ABL의 효용성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Utility of Airborne Laser for the Korean Missile Defense). Master’s Dissertation, Republic of Korea National Defense University, December 2008. Rosenau, William. Special Operation Forces and Elusive Ground Targets: Lessons from Vietnam and the Persian Gulf War. Santa Monica, CA: Project Air Force/RAND, 2001. The International Institute for Strategic Studies. The Military Balance 2009. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Twomey, Christopher. “Dangers and Prospects in Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Relations.” In Perspectives on Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Issues, ed. Christopher P. Twomey, pp. 3-12. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., 1979. Yao, Yunzhu. “Chinese Nuclear Policy and the Future of Minimum Deterrence.” In Perspectives on Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Issues, ed. Christopher P. Twomey, pp. 111-126. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. < Periodicals > Adams, Thomas. “China’s Strategic Nuclear Modernization: Reasons and Implications.” Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies-Strategic Datalink, No. 141 (December 2007). Blechman, Barry M. and Robert Powell. “What in the Name of God is Strategic Superiority?” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 97, No. 4 (Winter 1982-1983): pp. 589-602. 최강 (Choi, Kang). “오바마정부의 안보정책과 한미동맹: 4년주기 국방검토보고서[QDR]를 중심으로” (The Obama Administration’s Security Policy and ROK-US Alliance: based on Quadrennial Defense Review [QDR]). 주요국제문제 분석 (Juyo Gookjae Moonjae Bunseok), No. 2010-04 (2 March 2010). Cirincione, Joseph. “China’s Nuclear Modernization.” Carnegie Proliferation Brief, Vol. 2, No. 8 (4 April 1999). Doyle, Michael W. “Liberalism and World Politics.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 4 (December 1986): pp. 1151-1169. Elman, Colin. “Extending Offensive Realism: The Louisiana Purchase and America’s Rise to Regional Hegemony.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 98, No. 4 (Nov. 2004): pp. 563-576. Garwin, Richard L. “Will Strategic Submarines be Vulnerable?” International Security, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Autumn 1983): pp. 52-67. 황일도 (Hwang, Il-do). “이명박 정부 MD[미사일방어체제] 참여 구상 정밀 분석” (In Depth Analysis of Lee Myung-bak’s Concept of MD [Missile Defense System] Participation). 신동아 (Shin Dong-A), Vol. 581 (1 February 2008): pp. 290-299. 김종국 (Kim, Jong-guk) and 이무성 (Lee Moo-sung). “M-SAM 체계 소요결정을 위한 방법론 사례 연구” (Methodology Case Study on the Required Quantity of the M-SAM System). 국방정책연구 (Kookbang Jungchaek Yeongu), Vol. 71 (April 2006): pp. 157-178. Li, Bin and Nie Hongyi. “An Investigation of China – U.S. Strategic Stability.” Trans. Gregory Klacki, World Economics and Politics, No. 2 (2008). Levy, Jack S. “The Offense/Defense Balance of Military Technology: A Theoretical and Historical Analysis.” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2 (June 1984): pp. 219-238. Lieber, Keir A. “Grasping the Technological Peace, The Offense-Defense Balance and International Security.” International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Summer 2000): pp. 71-104. Lindsay, James M., Michael E. O’Hanlon, Charles L. Glaser and Steve Fetter. “Limited National and Allied Missile Defense.” International Security, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Spring 2002): 190-201. Nam, Chang-hee. “Relocating USFK Bases: Background and Implications.” East Asian Review, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Autumn 2003): pp. 111-125. Ohm, Tae-am. “The ROK-U.S. Strategic Alliance in the 21st Century and the KORUS FTA.” ROK Angle, Issue 17 (19 November 2009). Oye, Kenneth A. “Explaining Cooperation under Anarchy: Hypotheses and Strategies.” World Politics, Vol. 38, No. 1 (October 1985): pp. 1-24. 박휘락 (Park, Hui-rak). “한국의 미사일 방어: 방향과 과제” (South Korea’s Missile Defense: Direction and Task). 군사논단 (Gunsa Nondan), Vol. 58 (Summer 2009): pp. 34-53. 박용옥 (Park, Yong-Ok). “북한의 핵보유와 미국의 확장 억제: 주요이슈 및 대책” (Nuclear Armed North Korea and Extended Deterrence: Issues, Prospects, and Suggestions). 정세와 정책 (Jungsaewha Jungchaek), No. 163 (November 2009). Pedrozo, Raul. “Close Encounters at Sea: The USNS Impeccable Incident.” Naval War College Review (US), Vol. 62, No. 3 (Summer 2009): pp. 101-111. Quackenbush, Stephen L. “National Missile Defense and Deterrence.” Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 59, No. 4 (December 2006): 533-541. Reed, William. “Information and Economic Interdependence.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 47, No. 1, Building a Science of World Politics (February 2003): pp. 54-71. Rosato, Sebastian. “The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 97, No. 4 (November 2003): pp. 585-602. Rosecrance, R. et al. “Whither Interdependence?” International Organization, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Summer 1977): pp. 425-471. Snow, Donald M. “Current Nuclear Deterrence Thinking: An Overview and Review.” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3 (September 1979): pp. 445-486. Snyder, Jack. “Limiting the Offensive Conventional Forces: Soviet Proposals and Western Options.” International Security, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Spring 1998): pp. 48-77. Steinbruner, John D. “National Security and the Concept of Strategic Stability.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 22, No. 3 (September 1978): p. 411-428. USFK Public Affairs Office. “The New Korea: U.S. Forces Korea Strategic Digest.” June 2009, accessed 30 June 2010 [available: http://www.usfk.mil/usfk/Uploads/200/printready27may09small.pdf]. Waltz, Kenneth N. “Globalization and Governance.” Political Science and Politics, Vol. 32, No. 4 (December 1999): 693-700. Waltz, Kenneth N. “Structural Realism after the Cold War.” International Security, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Summer, 2000): 5-41. Zakaria, Fareed. “The Reagan Strategy of Containment.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 105, No. 3 (Autumn 1990): pp. 373-395. Zarchan, Paul. “Ballistic Missile Defense Guidance and Control Issues.” Science and Global Security, Vol. 8 (1998): pp. 99-124. < News Paper Articles > Calmes, Jackie. “Obama Will Propose Cuts of $17 Billion from Budget.” The New York Times, 7 May 2009, Section A, p. 22. Chavanne, Bettina H. “DSCA Announces Billions In Military Sales to Middle East.” Aerospace Daily and Defense Report, Vol. 227, No. 51, p. 5 Chen, Stephen. “Mid-space missile test marks milestone for defense strategy.” South China Morning Post (Hong Kong), 13 January 2010, p. 4. Dempsey, Judy. “Poland to Accept U.S. Offer On Shield.” The New York Times-Late Edition, 21 October 2009, p. A13. 동아일보 (Dong-A Ilbo). “[사설] 중국의 韓美서해훈련 시비는 주권 침해다 ([Editorial] China’s Contestation on ROK-US West Sea Exercise is Encroachment on Sovereignty). 동아일보 (Dong-A Ilbo), 9 July 2010. Drew, Christopher. “Military Contractors Nervously Await Budget Details.” The New York Times, 28 February 2009, Section B, p. 3. Hirayama, Barry. “USNS Impeccable Deploys Passive Sonar While Underway.” Navy NewsStand (US), Story Number: NNS060307-07. 7 March 2006, accessed 1 July 2010 [available: http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=22543]. Jin, Dae-woong. “‘Strategic flexibility’ to apply case-by-case: Swift transfer of USFK to be allowed.” The Korea Herald, 21 January 2006. 장학만 (Jang, Hak-man). “중국 장성 ‘韓美 군사훈련은 中 위협용’” (Chinese General, Objective of the ROK-US Military Exercise is to Threaten China). 한국일보 (Hankook Ilbo), 20 July 2010. 정지탄 (Jung, Ji-tan). “폴란드 ‘새로운 美 미사일방어’ 제안 받았다” (Poland, ‘Received a New Offer’ on US Missile Defense). 뉴시스 (Newsis), 7 October 2009. Jung, Sung-ki. “Israeli Radar Chosen for Missile Defense.” The Korea Times, 17 September 2009. 김청중 (Kim, Chung-joong). “中, 韓 • 日사정권 중거리미사일 배치” (China, Deploys Medium Range Missile with South Korea and Japan within Range). 세계일보 (Segye Ilbo), 22 March 2010. 김귀근 (Kim, Gui-geun). “美, BMD체제 참여제의 논란” (US, Controversy over Invitation to Join the BMD System). 연합뉴스 (Yeonhop News), 3 February 2010. 김귀근 (Kim, Gui-geun) and 이상헌 (Lee Sang-hun). “美, ‘아파치’ 대체전력 F-16 한국배치 [종합]” (US to Deploy F-16 as Replacement for the Apache [Wrap-up]). 연합뉴스 (Yeonhap News), 13 January 2009. 김호준 (Kim Ho-jun). “국방개혁 2020 전면 재조정 불가피” (Comprehensive Revision of the Defense Reform Plan 2020 Inevitable). 연합뉴스 (Yeonhap News), 7 June 2010. 김민석 (Kim, Min-seok). “김정일 ‘대남 작계’ 바꿨다” (Kim Jung-il Changed the Southward Invasion Operation Plan). 중앙일보 (Joong-Ang Ilbo), 27 April 2010, p. 1. 김상연 (Kim, Sang-yeon). “(오늘의 눈) 너무 이기적인 중국” ([Today’s Focus] Such a Selfish China). 서울신문 (Seoul Shinmoon), 8 July 2010. 김수정 (Kim, Su-jeong). “中 이러면 한국 안 좋아 韓 우리가 판단할 문제” (China, South Korea better not act this way, South Korea, how we act is up to us). 중앙선데이 (JoongAng Sunday), Vol. 175, 18 July 2010. 김성한 (Kim, Sung-han). “中-日 동반 상승과 한국의 선택” (The Simultaneous Rise of China and Japan, and South Korea’s Choice). 매일경제 (Maeil Business Newspaper), 26 August 2007. 고기정 (Koh Gi-jung). “MB ‘국방개혁2020 현실 맞게 고쳐야’” (MB, Defense Reform Plan 2020 Must be Revised to Reflect Realities). 동아일보 (Dong-A Ilbo), 14 May 2010. 이항수 (Lee, Hang-su). “中, 황해지역서 최근 3차례 군사훈련…韓-美 훈련 대응인 듯” (China, Conducts 3 Military Exercises Near the Yellow Sea…Likely to be in Response to the ROK-US Exercise). 조선일보 (Chosun Ilbo), 29 July 2010. 임성준 (Lim, Sung-joon). “[글로벌포커스] G2 시대 달리진 중국 ([Global Focus] G2 Period and the Changed China). 매일경제 (Maeil Business Newspaper), 12 July 2010. McDonald, Bruce. “China’s Missile Defense Challenge.” Defense News (weekly print edition), 25 January 2010, p. 37. Minnick, Wendell. “China Missile Test Has Ominous Implications.” Defense News (weekly print edition), 19 January 2010, p. 7. Moon, Gwang-lip. “China reacts to joint drill with its own exercise.” JoongAng Daily, 29 July 2010. 박민혁 (Park, Min-hyuk). “美 ‘한반도 새로운 지역MD’ 추진” (U.S. To Initiate a New Regional MD on the Korean Peninsula). 동아일보 (Dong-A Ilbo), 6 March 2010. Pincus, Walter. “Arms treaty shouldn’t constrain U.S. missile defenses.” The Washington Post, 20 April 2010, p. A13. 마이클 시퍼 (Schiffer, Michael). “[특별기고] 마이클 시퍼 미국 국방부 차관보 ([Special Contribution] Michael Schiffer, US Assistant Secretary of Defense). 동아일보 (Dong-A Ilbo), 6 March 2010. 송화정 (Song, Hwa-jung). “[국제] 한국인 55% ‘중국 위협적’” ([International] 55% of South Koreans View China as ‘Threatening’). 아시아경제 (Asia Economy), 6 August 2008. Svan, Jennifer H. “Army showing off new X-Band radar in Japan.” Stars and Stripes, 8 June 2006, accessed 1 July 2010 [available: http://www.stripes.com/news/army-showing-off-new-x-band-radar-in-japan-1.50062]. Yan, Hao. “Anti-missile interception builds shield for China’s defense.” Xinhua News Agency-English (China), 14 January 2010, accessed 30 June 2010 [available: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/14/content_12809916.htm]. Yeonhap News. “Chinese envoy to South Korea cautious on US ‘military flexibility.’” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific-Political, 22 March 2006. 윤상호 (Yoon, Sang-ho) and 박민혁 (Park Min-hyuk). “주한미군 남은 아파치헬기 대대 2012년까지 완전 철수할 듯” (USFK, Expected to Withdraw the Last Remaining Apache Helicopter Squadron by 2012). 동아일보 (Dong-A Ilbo), 3 August 2009. <Other Publications > Brookings Institute, Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies. “Expanding the Agenda for Cooperation between the United States and Republic of Korea.” Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies Event, 5 January 2010, accessed 26 July 2010 [available: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2010/0105_korea/20100105_korea.pdf]. Brooking Institute, Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies. “Opportunities for U.S.-ROK Alliance Cooperation: New Issues on the Agenda.” Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies Event, 8 October 2009, accessed 30 June 2010 [available: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2009/1008_us_rok/20091008_us_rok.pdf]. Forden, Geoffrey E. “The Airborne Laser: Shooting Down What’s Going Up.” Working Paper, Center for International Security and Arms Control-Stanford University, September 1997. Jane’s Information Group, Jane’s Sentinel: Country Risk Assessments, Northeast Asia, 2009. 이내영 (Lee, Nae-youg) and 정한울 (Jung Han-wool). “중국의 부상, 위협인가 기회인가” (The Rise of China, a Threat or an Opportunity). East Asia Institute Research and Survey Series 5, 6 August 2007. Niksch, Larry A. “The OPCON Military Command Issue amidst a Changing Security Environment on the Korean Peninsula.” KORUS Forum at the Embassy of Korea, 24 March 2010, accessed 25 June 2010 [available: http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/NikschOPCON100324.pdf]. Pifer, Steven. “New START-No Killer Flaws Emerge.” Brookings Institute On-line, 4 June 2010, accessed 29 June 2010 [available: http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0604_start_treaty_pifer.aspx]. Sessler, Andrew M. et al. “Countermeasures: A Technical Evaluation of the Operational Effectiveness of the Planned US National Missile Defense System.” Union of Concerned Scientists MIT Security Studies Program, April 2000. < Web-sites > Google Earth 2010TM. Ko, Young-dae, “U.S. Military Strategy on the Korean Peninsula and Missile Defense in Northeast Asia,” SPARK Homepage,10 May 2010, accessed 30 May 2010 [available: http://www.spark946.org/bugsboard/index.php?BBS=s_news3&action=viewForm&uid=1178&page=4]. Lewis, Jeffrey. “DF-31 Launch Site at Nayang.” Arms Control Wonk.Com, 31 March 2008, accessed 1 July 2010 [available: http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/1834/df-31-launch-site-at-nanyang]. Raytheon Company, “SM-3 Data Sheet,” Raytheon.Com, accessed 16 June 2010 [available: http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/rtnwcm/groups/rms/documents/content/rtn_rms_ps_sm3_datasheet.pdf]. |
Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) 97924008 98 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097924008 |
Data Type: | thesis |
Appears in Collections: | [亞太研究英語博/碩士學位學程(IDAS/IMAS)] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
400801.pdf | | 1035Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 2045 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|