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    Title: 由中外合資走向外商獨資 -以在中國之國際快遞業為例
    From IJVs to WFOE: World Express Enterprises in China
    Authors: 徐崇寶
    Hsu,Chung Pao
    Contributors: 于卓民
    黃國峯
    徐崇寶
    Hsu,Chung Pao
    Keywords: 國際合資
    獨資
    中國
    中外合資
    International Joint Ventures
    IJVs
    China
    WFOE
    Date: 2008
    Issue Date: 2010-12-08 13:17:53 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 有鑒於中國政府相關政策限制或是中國市場獨特的機會和風險，合資企業(Joint Ventures,JV)一直是外商直接投資中國相當重要的一種形式。就實務上而言，在企業的國際化過程中，廠商經常為因應快速的技術創新與市場的全球化，或為降低風險、規避地主國政府限制、學習等因素，而與地主國之企業合作，其中國際合資(International Joint Ventures, IJVs)模式是最直接、最密切的合作形式，也是企業國際化時，最常採用的海外進入模式之一。
    近年來，外商對華直接投資中獨資企業比重大幅上升，或併購中外合資企業中方資產、轉化為外商獨資企業或外商控股企業的案例迅速增加，外資對華投資的獨資化逐漸成為趨勢。外商為了獲得高利潤，基於制度變遷、資源依賴程度、企業的控制力、交易成本等方面的考慮，會傾向選擇獨資化的投資方式(李維安,李寶權，2003)。因此衍生出本研究之研究問題：「中外合資企業在中國運作多年後，何以外方能將合資公司轉變為外方100%獨資之公司？」
    本研究試圖將IJVs形成目的、形成後階段與外資在中國合資企業中的獨資傾向做連結，嘗試去發掘是否因為一些預期或非預期因素，使得合資公司控制結構不平衡，進而造成於中國的中外合資公司獨資化現象。本研究將站在中方合夥人的角度，分析中外合資企業不穩定性的原因。
    透過企業訪談及資料收集研究後，本研究整理出一些因素，這些因素有利於去解釋外商將它們與地主國企業之合資公司轉變為外商全資子公司的可能原因，解釋進入中國之後外商股權形式之轉變，另外也提供了獨資化現象的具體證據。

    研究結果所討論的幾項外商獨資化因素因素：
    (一) 外方合資目的之達成
    1. 政策開放
    2. 已獲取當地市場知識
    (二) 雙方資源貢獻不均
    1. 外方提供關鍵技術
    2. 外方之全球配銷系統所形成的獨佔力
    (三) 外在環境開放對外方有利
    1. 外在環境不確定性降低-地主國政策之改變
    2. 產業競爭態勢之改變
    (四) 夥伴關係不再重要
    1. 中外雙方學習程度之不同
    2. 外方逐漸降低對中方合資夥伴之依賴
    上述任一項因素都會引起合資雙方談判力、雙方衝突及對合資夥伴之依賴程度發生變化，進而影響該合資公司之控制結構。
    從本研究之個案就可以發現，因為上述幾項因素，隨著合資時間之增加，導致合資公司的中方雖然佔有跟外方相同的股份，卻會逐漸失去其在合資公司之相對談判力、擁有較低的合資公司管理控制程度。
    Reference: 中文部分
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    12. 謝名毅，「中共吸引外商直接投資之研究-以合資經營企業為例」，國立政治大學財政學系未出版碩士論文，1999年7月。
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    英文部分
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    企業管理研究所
    96355069
    97
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096355069
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Business Administation] Theses

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