政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/49488
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 112704/143671 (78%)
Visitors : 49772083      Online Users : 600
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49488


    Title: 2009 年斯洛伐克媒體對女性總統侯選人報導之研究
    Media coverage of female politicians in Slovak Republic during the presidential elections in 2009
    Authors: 巴蘭卡
    Lenka Babarikova
    Contributors: 彭芸
    Bonnie Peng
    巴蘭卡
    Lenka Babarikova
    Keywords: 報導研究
    女性候選人
    女性政治人物
    性別歧視
    刻板印象
    media coverage
    female candidates
    female politicians
    gender bias
    stereotyping
    Date: 2009
    Issue Date: 2010-12-08 12:32:07 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: Slovak Republic is a country where women are still underrepresented in the public life. Only recently, after the Parliamentary elections in June 2010, a woman became Prime Minister of Slovak Republic. Slovak and international media appreciated Slovakia for being a first country in central-eastern Europe to have a female leader of the country (Zsilleova 2010).
    This fact doesn"t change, that women are almost absent from high posts in Parliament, Government, public life, media or high managerial posts. Women in Slovakia still have a long way to the equality.
    This study focuses on the way female candidate for President Iveta Radičová is represented in the media during 2009 campaign. The research compares her coverage with male candidate"s coverage.
    The coverage of personal traits of candidates was gender biased and media mentioned female candidate"s gender very often, meanwhile they didn"t mention male candidates gender except in few occasions.
    However, there was no gender bias in the coverage of candidates" viability, the issues discussed, and the tone of coverage. Even thought male candidate was favored in amount and prominence of coverage, he was covered in more negative way, which can turn his advantage into disadvantage.
    Reference: Acsady, J. (1999). Urges and obstacles: Chances for feminism in Eastern Europe. Women"s Studies International Forum, 22(4): 405-409.
    Afshar, H., Ed. (1998). Women and empowerment: illustrations from the Third World. Basingstoke, Macmillan Press.
    Atkeson, L. R., & Krebs, T. B. (2008). Press coverage of mayoral candidates - The role of gender in news reporting and campaign issue speech. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2), 239-252.
    Atkeson, L. R. and T. B. Krebs (2004). Press Coverage in Mayoral Elections: Is There a Gender Bias? Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Chicago, Illinois: 1- 26.
    Banwart, M. C., & Bystrom, D. G. (2005). Gendered reactions - Young voters` responses to the 2004 presidential advertisements. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(2), 314-325.
    Banwart, M. C., D. G. Bystrom, et al. (2003). "From the primary to the general election - A comparative analysis of candidate media coverage in mixed-gender 2000 races for governor and US Senate." American Behavioral Scientist 46(5): 658-676.
    Bitušíková, A. (2005). (In)Visible Women in Political Life in Slovakia. Czech Sociological Review, 41(6), 1005–1021.
    Bosá, M. (2007). Mediálne obrazy žien 45+ (Media images of women 45+): Esfem.
    Bosak, J. and S. Sczesny (2008). "Am I the right candidate? Self-ascribed fit of women and men to a leadership position." Sex Roles 58(9-10): 682-688.
    Brown, E. M., & Gardetto, D. C. (2000). Representing Hillary Rodham Clinton: Gender, Meaning, and News Media. In A. Sreberny & L. Van Zoonen (Eds.), Gender, Politics and Communication. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
    Bystrom, D. G., Robertson, T. A., & Banwart, M. C. (2001). Framing the fight - An analysis of media coverage of female and male candidates in primary races for governor and US Senate in 2000. [Article]. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(12), 1999-2013.
    Carter, C. and L. Steiner, Eds. (2004). Critical readings : media and gender. Maidenhead, Open University Press.
    Chaloupková, M. (2004). Rovnosť šancí a politika - stav v Slovenskej republike (The equality of opportunities and politics - the status in Slovak Republic). Bratislava.
    Choi, N. and D. R. Fuqua (2003). The structure of the Bem Sex Role Inventory: A summary report of 23 validation studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(5): 872-887.
    Chorvantovič, M. (2009). On či ona? Dnes rozhodujete (He or she? You decide today). SME. Bratislava. 67/17.
    Corrin, C., Ed. (1999). Feminist perspectives on politics. London Longman.
    Desposato, S. and B. Norrander (2009). "The Gender Gap in Latin America: Contextual and Individual Influences on Gender and Political Participation." British Journal of Political Science 39: 141-162.
    Dia (2009). Reklamný expert: Kampaň? Dobre zvládnutá nuda (Advirtising expert: Campaign? Good handled bordom). Pravda. Bratislava, Perex, a.s. XIX/65.
    Diekman, A. B., A. H. Eagly, et al. (2002). "Accuracy and bias in stereotypes about the social and political attitudes of women and men." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38(3): 268-282.
    Diekman, A. B., & Eagly, A. H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(10), 1171-1188.
    Dolan, K. (2005). "Do women candidates play to gender stereotypes? Do men candidates play to women? Candidate sex and issues priorities on campaign websites." Political Research Quarterly 58(1): 31-44.
    Eagly, A. H. and A. B. Diekman (2006). "Examining gender gaps in sociopolitical attitudes: It`s not Mars and Venus." Feminism & Psychology 16(1): 26-34.
    Edwards, J. L., Ed. (2009). Gender and Political Communication in America: rhetoric, representation, and display. Lanham, Lexington Books.
    Everitt, J. (2005a). Uncovering the Coverage: Gender Biases in Canadian Political Reporting. Paper presented at the Breakfast on the Hill Seminar Series.
    Everitt, J. (2005b). Gender, media, and politics: A critical review essay. Political Communication. 22(3), 387-396.
    Filadelfiová, J. (2004) Rodová rovnováha v politickom rozhodovaní (Gender equality in political decision- making). www.esfem.sk
    Filadelfiová, J. (2002). O ženách, moci a politike: úvahy, fakty, súvislosti (About women, power and politics: Thoughts, facts and relationships) In Hlasy žien. Aspekty ženskej politiky (The voices of women. Aspects of female politics). Bratislava: ZZŽ Aspekt.
    Filadelfiová, J., Z. Bútorová, et al. (2002). Ženy a muži v politike (Women and men in politics). In Slovensko 2002. Súhrnná správa o stave spoločnosti I. (Slovakia 2002. General report about the state of the society I.). M. Kollár and G. Mesežnikov. Bratislava.
    Fridkin, K. L., P. J. Kenney, et al. (2009). Bad for Men, Better for Women: The Impact of Stereotypes During Negative Campaigns. Political Behavior, 31(1): 53-77.
    Fletcher, F. (1987). Mass media and parliamentary elections in Canada. Legislative Studies Quarterly,
    12, 341–372.
    Fletcher, F. (1988). The media and the 1984 landslide. In H. Penniman (Ed.), Canada at the polls,
    1984 (pp. 161–189). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Gallagher, M. (2001). Gender setting: new agendas for media monitoring and advocacy. London Zed Books.
    Garlick, B., S. Dixon, et al., Eds. (1992). Stereotypes of women in power : historical perspectives and revisionist views. New York, Greenwood Press.
    Ginter, E., J. Filadelfiová, et al. (2004). Správa o miléniových rozvojových cieľoch (Report on the Millennium Development Goals). Bratislava, Centrum pre Hospodársky Rozvoj (Center for Economic Development): 70.
    Guráň, P. (2000). Women in Politics – Consequence of Public Policy Transition?, Development Alternatives, Inc.: 6.
    Hardy, J., W. Kozek, et al. (2008). In the front line: women, work and new spaces of labour politics in Poland. Gender Place and Culture, 15(2): 99-116.
    Herrnson, P. S., J. C. Lay, et al. (2003). "Women running "as women": Candidate gender, campaign issues, and voter-targeting strategies." Journal of Politics 65(1): 244-255.
    Ibroscheva, E. (2007). Caught between east and west? Portrayals of gender in bulgarian television advertisements. Sex Roles, 57(5-6): 409-418.
    Iyengar, S., Valentino, N. A., Ansolabehere, S., & Simon, A. F. (1997). The Effects of Gender Stereotypes on Women`s Campaigns In P. Norris (Ed.), Women, Media, and Politics (pp. 288). New York: Oxford University Press
    Jackson, S., & Russo, A. (Eds.). (2002). Talking back and acting out : women negotiating the media across cultures. New York, N.Y: Peter Lang.
    Jimenez, A. G., Gomez-Escalonilla Moreno, G., Torregrosa Carmona, J. F., Rodriguez Diaz, R., & Santin Duran, M. (2008). Medios de comunicación, representaciones y percepciones. El caso de la mujer política (Media, representation and perceptions. The case of female politician.). Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 14, 175-196.
    Jenkins, Richard W. (1999) How Much Is Too Much? Media Attention and Popular Support for an Insurgent Party, Political Communication, 16: 4, 429 — 445
    Kahn, K. F. (1992). Does being a male help - an investigation of the effects of candidate gender and campaign coverage on evaluations of United States Senate candidates. Journal of Politics, 54(2), 497-517.
    Kahn, K. F. (1993). Gender differences in campaign messages - The political advertisements of men and women candidates for United States Senate. Political Research Quarterly, 46(3), 481-502.
    Kahn, K. F. (1994). Does Gender Make a Difference? An Experimental Examination of Sex Stereotypes and Press Patterns in Statewide Campaigns. American Journal of Political Science, 38(1), 162-195.
    Kahn, K. F., & Goldenberg, E. N. (1991). Women Candidates in the News - an Examination of Gender Differences in United - States Senate Campaign Coverage. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55(2), 180-199.
    Kahn, K. F., Kenney, P. J., & Woodall, G. S. (2009). Bad for Men, Better for Women: The Impact of Stereotypes During Negative Campaigns. Political Behavior, 31(1), 53-77.
    Keith, S. (2009). Women Who Spoke for Themselves: Working Women, Suffrage, and the Construction of Women"s Rhetorical Style. In J. L. Edwards (Ed.), Gender and Political Communication in America: Rhetoric, Representaion, and Display. Lanham: Lexington Books.
    Kern, M. (2009). MEMO 98: Kandidát Gašparovič v STV kraľoval (MEMO 98: Candidate Gašparovič was reigning in STV). SME. Bratislava. 60/17.
    Kittilson, M. C., & Fridkin, K. (2008). Gender, Candidate Portrayals and Election Campaigns: A Comparative Perspective. Politics & Gender, 4(03), 371- 392.
    Kobová, Ľ. (2006). Osobné je politické (Personal is political). In Kradmá ruka feministky rozvažuje za plentou (Furtive feminist"s hand reflects behind a screen) Bratislava, Aspekt: 120.
    Krpelan, R. (2009). Ficov muž alebo Dzurindova žena? (Fico"s man or Dzurinda"s woman?). SME. Bratislava. 79/17.
    Larson, S. G. (2001). American women and politics in the media: A review essay. Ps-Political Science & Politics, 34(2), 227-230.
    Lawless, J. L. (2004). "Women, war, and winning elections: Gender stereotyping in the post-September 11th era." Political Research Quarterly 57(3): 479-490.
    Lopez-Zafra, E., R. Garcia-Retamero, et al. (2008). "Dynamics of gender stereotypes and power: A cross-cultural study." Revista De Psicologia Social 23(2): 213-219.
    Lovenduski, J. (2005). Feminizing Politics. Cambridge, Polity Press.
    Lovenduski, J., R. Campbell, et al., Eds. (2002). Women, public life and democracy : changing Commonwealth parliamentary perspectives. London Pluto Press.
    Maďarová, Z. (2006). Kedy je zobrazovanie političiek a politikov rodovo stereotypné? (Is presenting of male and female politicians gender- biased?). In Kradmá ruka feministky rozvažuje za plentou (Furtive feminist"s hand reflects behind a screen) Bratislava, Aspekt: 120.
    Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2001). "The Rise and Fall of Fa`ezeh Hashemi: Women in Iranian Elections." Middle East Report (218): 8-11.
    Mitchell, C. (1998). Women`s (community) radio as a feminist public sphere. Javnost-the Public, 5(2): 73-85.
    Mosher, C. E. and S. Danoff-Burg (2005). Agentic and communal personality traits: Relations to attitudes toward sex and sexual experiences. Sex Roles, 52(1-2): 121-129.
    Murray, R. (2008). "The power of sex and incumbency - A longitudinal study of electoral performance in France." Party Politics 14(5): 539-554.
    Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The Content Analysis Guidebook. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
    Norris, P. (1997). Women, media, and politics. New York Oxford University Press.
    Odu (2009). Vstúpi do paláca prvá žena alebo prezident prvý raz obháji? (Will a first female or the first re-elected president enter the Palace?). Pravda. Bratislava, Perex, a.s. XIX/79.
    Ozkan, T. and T. Lajunen (2005). Masculinity, femininity, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52(1-2): 103-110.
    Petkova, Z. and D. Schniererova (2009). Gašparovič: Politik, ktorý sa vezie (Gašparovič: polititian who is always with the ones in power) Pravda. Bratislava, Perex , a.s. XIX/61.

    Pietruchová, O. Gender Mainstreaming: Koncepcia a argumenty ku implementácii stratégie EÚ (Gender mainstreaming: Concepts and arguments to the implementation of EU strategy), Občianske združenie: Možnosť voľby (Civic Association: Possibility of Election): 8.
    Porubänová, S. (2009). Aktuálne výzvy a očakávania európskej agendy rodovej rovnosti (Current challenges and expectations of the European agenda of gender equality). Bratislava, Inštitút pre výskum práce a rodiny (Institute for Labour and Family Research): 28
    Potocky, E. (2009). Prezidenstká kampaň: Nuda (Presidential campaign: Boring). Pravda. Bratislava, Perex, a.s. XIX/62.
    Rekkas, M. (2008). "Gender and Elections: An Examination of the 2006 Canadian Federal Election." Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique 41(4): 987-1001.
    Ross, K., & Sreberny, A. (2000). Women in the House. In K. Ross & A. Sreberny (Eds.), Gender, Politics and Communication (pp. 79- 99). Cresskill: Hampton Press.
    Sczesny, S., S. Spreemann, et al. (2006). "Masculine = competent? Physical appearance and sex as sources of gender-stereotypic attributions." Swiss Journal of Psychology 65(1): 15-23.
    Sczesny, S., Bosak, J., Neff, D., & Schyns, B. (2004). Gender stereotypes and the attribution of leadership traits: A cross-cultural comparison. Sex Roles, 51(11-12), 631-645.
    Smith, E. and R. L. Fox (2001). "The electoral fortunes of women candidates for congress." Political Research Quarterly 54(1): 205-221.
    Sreberny, A., & van Zoonen, L. (Eds.). (2000). Gender, Politics, and Communication. Cresskill: Hampton Press.
    Tódová, M. (2009a). Gašparovič vyhral. Stratil náskok (Gašparovič won. He lost his headstart). SME. Bratislava. 68/17.

    Tódová, M. (2009b). Kampani chýba profesionálne plánovanie (Campaign lacks professional planning). SME. Bratislava. 55/17.

    Zálešák, T. (2009). Naozaj bezobsažná kampaň? (Raelly a campaign without a content?). Pravda. Bratislava, Perex, a.s. XIX/77.

    Zsilleova, M. (2010). Ako muž. Len je to žena. (Like a man. But woman). SME. Bratislava. 18\\156.
    Koncepcia rovnosti príležitostí žien a mužov (Concept of equal opportunities of women and men). (2001) Bratislava, Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, and Family of the Slovak Republic: 1-14.
    Manual for gender mainstreaming: employment, social inclusion and social protection policies. (2008) Luxembourg, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities,: 44.
    Návrh opatrení na zosúladenie rodinného a pracovného života na rok 2006 s výhľadom do roku 2010 (Proposal for measures to reconcile work and family life in 2006 with a view to 2010). (2006) 560/2006. The Government of Slovak Republic. Bratislava: 22.
    Príručka o rodovej rovnosti (A handbook on gender equality). (2004) S. A. a. F. o. S. R. Ministry of Labour. Bratislava, Equal: 46.
    Report On Equality between women and men 2009. (2009). Luxembourg, European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities: 48.
    Report On Equality between women and men 2010. (2010). Luxembourg European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities: 56.
    Statute of the Government Council of the Slovak Republic for Gender Equality. (2008) 862/2007. Slovak Republic, The Government of Slovak Republic: 8.
    Women in European politics– time for action. (2009). Luxembourg: European Commission: Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
    Ženy a Európske voľby: súhrnná analýza (Women and European Elections: general analysis). (2009). Brussels: Eurobarometer.
    Internet sources:
    Vláda SR od 4.7.2006 (The Government of the Slovak Republic from 4, July 2006). Retrieved from: http://www.government.gov.sk/7485/vlada-sr-od-4-7-2006.php on [2010-2-9].
    Abecedný zoznam poslancov (The list of the member of the Parliament of Slovak Republic). Retrieved from: http://www.nrsr.sk/default.aspx?sid=poslanci/zoznam_abc on [2010-2-9].
    Abecedný zoznam poslancov (The list of the new members of Parliament after the elections of 2010). Retrieved from: http://www.nrsr.sk/Static/sk-SK/Poslanci/zoznam_volby_2010.html on [2010-06-28]
    Rada vlády Slovenskej republiky pre rodovú rovnosť (Council of the Slovak Republic for Gender Equality). Retrieved from: http://www.employment.gov.sk/index.php?SMC=1&id=12611 on [2009-11-25].
    Koncepcia rovnosti príležitostí žien a mužov (Concept of equal opportunities of women and men.) Retrieved from: http://www.employment.gov.sk/index.php?SMC=1&id=718 on [2010-1-12]
    Antidiskriminačný zákon (Anti-discriminatory law). Retrieved from: http://www.employment.gov.sk/index.php?id=714 on [2009-12-21]
    Kandidátne listiny politických strán do volieb NR SR 2006 z rodového hľadiska (Candidates" lists of political parties for the elections 2006 to the Parliament with regards to gender). Retrieved from http://www.aspekt.sk/info_det.php?IDcentrum=132 on [2010-1-12].
    Gender mainstreaming. Retrieved from http://www.esfem.sk/index.php?Page=gendermain on [2010-1-12].
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
    97461001
    98
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097461001
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[International Master`s Program in International Communication Studies] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    100101.pdf1015KbAdobe PDF21915View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback