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    Title: 世界貿易組織下對於地理標示之保護
    The protection of geographical indications under WTO
    Authors: 楊珊妮
    Contributors: 許耀明
    楊珊妮
    Keywords: 地理標示
    與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定
    擴張保護之爭議
    註冊爭議
    Geographical Indications
    Trademark Law
    Appellation of Origin
    TRIPS Agreement
    Extension Issue
    Multilateral System of Register
    Date: 2009
    Issue Date: 2010-12-08 02:01:02 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: Due to the globalization of economy, the protection of intellectual property rights becomes very important, not only on a national and local basis but also on an international basis. The evidence is coming from the negotiation and ultimately the inclusion of the TRIPS Agreement, or Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, into the World Trade Organization. In the TRIPS Agreement, one of the protections to a local intellectual property on an international level is the protection of geographical indications, and such protection can be found in Articles 22 through 24 of the TRIPS Agreement. Geographical indications identify goods as originating in a particular territory or region, and also indicate quality by letting consumers know that the goods come from an area where a given quality, reputation, or other characteristic of the goods is essentially attributable to their geographical origin. The protection of geographical indications has always been on the table and been mentioned in various international treaties, and eventually came together under the TRIPS Agreement.

    The different ways for geographical indications protection is examined in order to understand the different national regulations used in various countries as a tool to protect the geographical indications, hence, to protect intellectual property rights. The major issue regards the scope of protection is the extension of the TRIPS Article 23; diverse opinions and suggestions are coming from US and EU, the two biggest sovereignties. This also can be seen in the result of the WTO dispute case of EC – Trademarks and Geographical Indications.

    The future developments such as the negotiations for a multilateral system of register for geographical indications, the progress of developing countries toward protection of geographical indications and the involvement of the traditional knowledge, all play very crucial roles on the enforcement of geographical indications protection. This paper will explore all these matters.
    Reference: BOOKS
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    JOURNALS
    1. Arup, Christopher, The State of Play of Dispute Settlement ‘‘Law’’ at the World Trade Organization, 37 J. World Trade 897 (2003).
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    8. Carmody, Chi, Remedies and Conformity under the WTO Agreement, 5 J. Int`l Econ. L. 307 (2002).
    9. Chen, Jim, A Sober Second Look at Appellations of Origin: How the United States Will Crash France’s Wine and Cheese Party, 5 Minn. J. Global Trade 29 (1996).
    10. Conrad, Albrecht, The Protection of Geographical Indications in the TRIPS Agreement, 86 Trademark Rep. 11 (1996).
    11. Cotton, Amy P., 123 Years at The Negotiating Table and Still No Dessert? The Case in Support of TRIPS Geographical Indication Protections, 82 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1295 (2007).
    12. Creditt, Emily C., Terroir VS. Trademarks: The Debate Over Geographical Indications and Expansions to the TRIPS Agreement, 11 Vand. J. Ent. & Tech. L. 425 (2009).
    13. Dawson, Norma, Locating Geographical Indications – Perspectives From English Law, 90 Trademark Rep. 590 (2000).
    14. Ehlermann, Claus-Dieter, Experiences from the WTO Appellate Body, 38 Tex Int’l LJ 469 (2003).
    15. Farley, Christine Haight, Conflicts between U.S. Law and International Treaties Concerning Geographical Indications, 22 Whittier L. Rev. 73 (2000).
    16. Faulhaber, Lilian V., Cured Meat and Idaho Potatoes: A Comparative Analysis of European and American Protection and Enforcement of Geographic Indications of Foodstuffs, 11 Colum. J. Eur. L. 623 (2005).
    17. Fukunaga, Yoshifumi, Enforcing TRIPs: Challenges of Adjudicating Minimum Standards Agreements, 23 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 867 (2008).
    18. Fusco, Stefania, Geographical Indications: A Discussion on the TRIPS Regulation After the Ministerial Conference of Hong Kong, 12 Marq. Intell. Prop. L. Rev. 197 (2008).
    19. Gervais, Daniel, Traditional Knowledge: Are We Closer to the Answers? The Potential Role of Geographical Indications, 15 ILSA J. Int`l & Comp. L. 551 (2009).
    20. Goebel, Burkhart, Geographical Indications and Trademarks – The Road from Doha, 93 Trademark Rep. 964 (2003).
    21. Goebel, Burkhart, Geographical Indications and Trademarks in Europe, 95 Trademark Rep. 1165 (2005).
    22. Goldberg, Stacy D., Who Will Raise the White Flag? The Battle between The United States and The European Union Over the Protection of Geographical Indications, 22 U. Pa. J. Int`l Econ. L. 107 (2001).
    23. Gunlicks, Michael B., A Balance of Interests: The Concordance of Copyright Law and Moral Rights in the Worldwide Economy, 11 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 601 (2001).
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    28. Land, Jacqueline Nanci, Global Intellectual Property Protection as Viewed Through the European Community’s Treatment of Geographical Indications: What Lessons Can TRIPS Learn?, 11 Cardozo J. Int`l & Comp. L. 1007 (2004).
    29. Martin, Jose Manuel Cortes, TRIPS Agreement: Towards A Better Protection For Geographical, 30 Brook. J. Int`l L. 117 (2004).
    30. Montén, Lina, Geographical Indications of Origin: Should They be Protected and Why? – An Analysis of the Issue from the US and EU Perspectives, 22 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 315 (2006).
    31. Murphy, Kevin M., Conflict, Confusion, and Bias Under TRIPS Articles 22-24, 19 Am. U. Int`l L. Rev. 1181 (2004).
    32. Nguyen, Xuan-Thao N., Nationalizing Trademarks: A New International Trademark Jurisprudence?, 39 Wake Forest L. Rev. 729 (2004).
    33. Nzelibe, Jide, The Credibility Imperative: The Political Dynamics of Retaliation in the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Resolution Mechanism, 6 Theoretical Inquiries L. 215 (2005).
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    35. Okediji, Ruth L., The International Intellectual Property Roots of Geographical Indications, 82 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1329 (2007).
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    43. Wang, Min-Chiuan, The Asian Consciousness and Interests in Geographical Indications, 96 Trademark Rep. 906 (2006).
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    45. Zou, Jinghua, Rice and Cheese, Anyone? The Fight Over TRIPS Geographical Indications Continues, 30 Brook. J. Int`l L. 1141 (2005).
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    INTERNET
    1. The Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website, http://www.dfat.gov.au
    2. The Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation website, http://www.wineaustralia.com
    3. The BitLaw website, http://www,bitlaw.com
    4. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF) website, http://www.atf.gov
    5. The Cornell University Law School website, http://law.cornell.edu
    6. The European Commission website, http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm
    7. The European Union website, http://europa.eu/index_en.htm
    8. The Institut National des Appellations d`Origine (INAO) website, http://www.inao.gouv.fr
    9. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) website, http://www.iccwbo.org
    10. The International Trademark Association website, http://www.inta.org
    11. The Le Service Public de la Diffusion du Droit website, http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr
    12. The NAFTA Secretariat website, http://www.nafta-sec-alena.org
    13. The New York Times website, http://www.nytimes.com
    14. The Office of the United States Trade Representative website, http://ustraderep.gov
    15. The United States Patent and Trademark Office website, http://www.uspto.gov
    16. The WIPO website, http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en
    17. The WTO website, http://www.wto.org
    18. The WTO documents website, http://docsonline.wto.org
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法學院碩士在職專班
    96961204
    98
    "CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    Section 1 Research Motivation
    Section 2 Research Methodology
    Section 3 Research Scope and Limitation
    Section 4 General Overview of Geographical Indications
    A Trademark
    B Indication of Source
    C Appellation of Origin
    D Designation of Origin
    E Generic Names
    Section 5 Thesis Organization 106

    CHAPTER 2 THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
    Section 1 The International Treaties of Geographical Indications
    A The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industry Property 1883
    B The Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 1891
    C The Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellation of Origin and Their International Registration 1958
    D The TRIPS Agreement
    E Problems of International Protection under these Treaties
    Section 2 The Protection of Geographical Indications under TRIPS
    A Article 22: Protection of Geographical Indications
    B Article 23: Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits
    C Article 24: International Negotiations; Exceptions
    D General Provisions and Enforcement

    CHAPTER 3 LEGAL ASPECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS PROTECTION
    Section 1 Different Ways for Geographical Indications Protection
    A The Trademark Law Protection
    B The Appellation of Origin Protection
    C The Unfair Competition Law Protection
    D The Administrative Regulation Protection
    Section 2 The Scope of Geographical Indication Protection
    A Extension of Article 23 TRIPS Protection to Products Other than Wines and Spirits
    1 Extension in Context
    2 Should Article 23 be Extended?
    3 Arguments for Extension
    4 Arguments against Extension
    B The Register Issue
    Section 3 Perspectives from EU and US
    A The Protection of Geographical Indications in EU
    B The Protection of Geographical Indications in US
    1 BATF Regulations
    2 The Lanham Act
    C The Comparison

    CHAPTER 4 THE CASE EC – TRADEMARKS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND ITS RELATED ISSUES 81
    Section 1 The Case EC – Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs
    A Background
    B Statement of the Case
    C The Panel
    Section 2 Arguments and Outcomes in the WTO Dispute
    A The National Treatment Argument
    B The Trademark Argument
    C The Significance of the Dispute
    D Impact of WTO decision on the European Regulation

    CHAPTER 5 FUTURE REINFORCEMENT IN THE PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
    Section 1 Negotiations for a Multilateral System of Register for Geographical Indications
    Section 2 Overselling Geographical Indications to EU Constituencies and to Developing Countries
    A The Way Forward for Developing Countries
    Section 3 Geographical Indications and Traditional Knowledge

    CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 106

    REFERENCES 120
    "
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096961204
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Master of Laws Program for Executives] Theses

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