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| Title: | 專案團隊內創意構想守門與創新績效關係之研究-以業界參與科專廠商為例
The Study of Gatekeeping Mechanisms of Creative and Innovative Products |
| Authors: | 項維欣
Hsiang, Wei-Hsin |
| Contributors: | 吳思華
Wu, Se-Hwa
項維欣
Hsiang, Wei-Hsin |
| Keywords: | 創意構想守門
守門能耐
體制規則
創新實踐作為
創新績效
Gatekeeping ideas
Gatekeeping Capability
Institutional Routines
Innovative Enablinlg Behaviors
Innovative Performance |
| Date: | 2009 |
| Issue Date: | 2010-12-08 01:53:37 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 當社會進入以創意為主的經濟型態，如何促進豐沛創意快速衍生，是大眾關注的焦點，也為企業興衰的關鍵。創意泉源始於創造新構想的個人。許多文獻多以探究創意者出發，卻忽略創新實為創意者、守門者、社會系統互動所建構。因此，過去創新管理，多以創意者角度思考，鮮以守門觀點探討；創新、研發、創造力理論脈絡，也甚少直接研究守門內涵。
因此，本文以Lewin守門理論為基礎，整合演化、技術守門、創造力系統、體制理論，推衍何為創意構想守門，提出其運作包含：守門能耐-贏取信任基礎的能力、提供動機誘因的能力、具備專業能力；體制規則-評估標準、互動程度等二構念五因子。之後，依此多構念架構，Hinkin（1998）嚴謹發展程序，以三群不同獨立樣本，發展具信效度的量表，驗證專案團隊內創意構想守門概念結構模型的合宜性；接著，本研究進一步嘗試以上述整合性的守門觀點，探討其內涵與創新績效的關係，釐清篩選構想的守門活動，是否真為阻礙創新的絆腳石，或其實為促進創新的關鍵；最後，本研究釐清篩選創意構想的守門活動，是阻礙創新的絆腳石，或為扶植創意構想成長，催化創新的關鍵後，探討創意構想守門是如何促進創新的發生。
本研究以結構方程模式，分析專案團隊創意構想守門之守門能耐及體制規則、創新實踐作為與專案團隊創新績效的關係，以具創意構想守門經驗之專案團隊為研究對象，自433家公司回收111份團隊有效問卷。
結果發現，創意構想守門能耐及創新型體制規則與專案團隊創新績效呈正相關，且體制規則調節守門能耐與創新績效之關係，且創新實踐作為亦中介創意構想守門與創新績效之關係。而本文除強調以守門角度思考對管理創新的重要性；也提出創意構想守門內涵供經理人設計創意構想守門時，一個有系統的思考框架；而所發展具信效度之量表及創意構想守門與創新績效關係的實證結果，亦可作為後續研究的基礎。
Nowadays, the raise of economy in our society is from creative ideas. Thus, people care about how to promote abundance creative ideas growing fast. In addition, firms also get survive in serious competitions by these creative ideas. The sources of creative ideas are from brilliant creators. So, researchers of innovation management often begin their studies from the creator’s perspective. There are rarely researchers starting their researches from another actor’s view. However, this perspective ignores that the creativity is the interactions among creators, gatekeepers, and whole society.
Therefore, this study tried to clarify what the gatekeeping is. The study follows the logic of Lewin’s gatekeeping theory, introduces the evolution perspective, and integrates the technology gatekeeper, Csikszentmihaly’s system model, and institutional theory to approach the gatekeeping in selecting creative ideas. This study proposes there are five key factors, the abilities of earning creators’ trust, raising creator’s motivation, selecting ideas’ professional abilities, evaluating standards, and the degree of interactions in the gatekeeping construct. Then, according to the Lewin’s gatekeeping theory, this study classifies these five factors into two dimensions, the gatekeeping capabilities and institutional routines. Then, basis of this theoretical model and Hinkin’s (1998) procedure, this study develops and tests the questionnaire of the gatekeeping creative ideas inside the project teams. After that, the aim of this article explores how and why the gatekeeping and the innovation performance are related.
This research involved a survey, comprised of four sets of questionnaires concerning the gatekeepong capabilities, institutional routines, innovative enabling behaviors, and innovation performances. 111 project teams participated in the study. The quantitative analysis of the questionnaires was conducted through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling in order to indicate the direction and relationships among the four sets of variables.
The result proves the concept theoretical model of gatekeeping creative ideas is reasonable and the questionnaire has fair reliability and validity. Furthermore, results of this study also showed a medium level of consistence among the four variables of the gatekeeping capabilities, institution routines, innovative enabling behaviors, and innovation performances. To conclude, this study may be of importance in explaining the relationship between gatekeeping and innovation performance, as well as in providing the researchers and managers with a better understanding of how and why gatekeeping in creative ideas relate to the innovation performances. Therefore, this research can be the foundation of creative ideas’ gatekeeping for innovation studies in the future. It also reminds the managers the importance of gatekeeping and provides a thinking model in managing innovations.
目次…………………………………………………………………………....... i
表次………………………………………………………………………….... vii
圖次……………………………………………………………………….….... ix
第一章 總論………...…………………………………………………………. 1
壹、研究背景………...………………………………………………... 3
貳、研究動機………...……………………………………………....... 3
一、實務上所浮現的問題…………………………………...……....... 3
二、現有理論之不足…………………………………...…………....... 4
參、研究目的與問題…………………………………...…………....... 5
四、研究範圍…………………………………...…………………....... 5
一、研究範疇的選擇-組織間或組織內專案團隊守門機制的選擇… 5
二、研究對象的選擇…………………………...…………………....... 6
伍、研究流程與論文架構…………………………...……………....... 7
第二章 研究一 專案團隊內創意構想守門概念建構及量表發展與驗證….. 9
摘要………...…………………………………………………………..... 11
壹、緒論……………………………………………………………........ 12
貳、文獻探討…………………………………………………………… 14
一、Lewin守門理論觀點………………………………………….…… 14
二、技術守門觀點…………………………………………………….... 14
三、Csikszentmihalyi系統觀點…………………………………….…… 15
四、社會網路理論……………………………………………………… 15
五、創意構想守門的內涵…………………………………………….... 16
六、創意構想守門的構面與因子……………………………………….. 19
（一）守門能耐-贏取信任基礎的能力……………………………...…. 19
（二）守門能耐-提供動機誘因的能力……………………………….... 20
（三）守門能耐-專業能力…………………………………………….... 20
（四）體制規則-評估標準…………………………………………….... 21
（五）體制規則-互動程度…………………………………………….... 22
參、研究設計與量表發展及實證結果………………………………….. 23
一、瞭解創意構想守門概念的內涵…………………………………….. 23
二、量表發展程序……………………………………………………….. 24
（一）、題項產生………………………………………………………… 24
（二）、內容效度………………………………………………………… 24
（三）、精簡題項………………………………………………………… 25
（四）、驗證性因素分析………………………………………………… 30
（五）、建立收斂與鑑別效度…………………………………………… 32
（六）、重複施測………………………………………………………… 34
肆、結論與建議………………………………………………………….. 37
一、理論貢獻…………………………………………………………….. 37
（一）、Lewin守門理論…………………………………………………. 37
（二）、技術守門觀點…………………………………………………… 38
（三）、Csikszmentmihalyi系統觀點…………………………………… 38
二、實務貢獻…………………………………………………………….. 39
三、量表品質與應用…………………………………………………….. 39
四、未來研究建議……………………………………………………….. 40
五、研究限制…………………………………………………………….. 40
附錄 用於探索性及驗證性因素分析之問卷調查題項及篩選結果….. 42
第三章 研究二 專案團隊內創意構想守門與創新績效之關係探討……… 49
摘要………...…………………………………...…………………….... 51
壹、緒論…………………………………………………………….......... 52
貳、文獻探討與假設推演……………………………………………… 53
一、守門理論…………………………………………………………….. 53
二、創新績效…………………………………………………………...... 54
三、創意構想守門……………………………………………………….. 55
（一）創意構想守門能耐…………………………………………......… 56
（二）體制規則………………………………………………………...... 56
四、創意構想守門與創新績效之關係……………………..………….... 57
（一）創意構想守門與創新績效……………………...………...……… 57
（二）創意構想守門能耐與專案團隊創新績效…………………...…... 58
（三）體制規則與專案團隊創新績效………………………...………... 59
五、體制規則對守門能耐之調節效果…………………………...……... 61
參、研究方法…………………………………………………………….. 61
一、研究架構…………………………………………………………….. 61
二、研究過程…………………………………………………………….. 62
（一）、問卷設計………………………………………………………… 62
（二）、研究對象與樣本來源…………………………………………… 63
（三）、問卷發放與回收情形…………………………………………… 63
三、衡量……………………………………………………………..…… 64
（一）、創意構想守門能耐量表………………………………………… 64
（二）、體制規則量表…………………………………………………… 65
（三）、專案團隊創新績效量表………………………………………… 65
（四）、控制變項………………………………………………………… 65
（五）、共同方法變異…………………………………………………… 66
肆、實證結果…………………………………………………………….. 67
一、敘述統計分析……………………………………………………….. 67
二、相關分析…………………………………………………………….. 67
三、創意構想守門與專案團隊創新績效……………………………….. 68
（一）、測量模式分析結果…………………………………………........ 69
（二）、主要效果模式………………………………………..………….. 71
（三）、理論模式與主要效果模式之分析比較………………..……….. 71
伍、討論與結論………………………………………………………….. 73
一、創意構想守門與創新績效………………………………………….. 73
（一）、創意構想守門能耐與創新績效……………………..………….. 73
（二）、創意構想體制規則與創新績效………………………………… 74
二、體制規則、守門能耐與創新績效………………………..………….. 74
三、研究限制與未來研究方向………..……………………..………….. 75
（一）、樣本取樣的限制……………………………………..………….. 75
（二）、樣本數的不足………………………………………..………….. 76
（三）、創新績效客觀指標的缺乏…………………………..………….. 76
（四）、橫斷面研究的限制…………………………………………..….. 76
（五）、單一分析層次變項的研究限制……………………..………….. 76
（六）、回饋關係的忽略……………………………………..………….. 76
第四章 研究三 專案團隊內創意構想守門與創新績效之關係：創新實踐作為之中介效果……….…………………………………………………. 79
摘要………...…………………………………...…………………….... 81
壹、緒論…………………………………………………………............ 82
貳、文獻探討與假設推演……………………………………………… 84
一、守門理論…………………………………………………………… 84
二、創新績效………………………………………………………........ 84
三、創意構想守門……………………………………………………… 85
（一）守門能耐………………………………………………...………. 85
（二）體制規則…………………………………………………............ 86
四、創新實踐作為…………………………………………………….... 86
五、創意構想守門與創新績效之關係………………………………… 87
（一）創意構想守門與創新績效……………………...……...……..… 87
（二）創意構想守門能耐與專案團隊創新績效……………….……... 87
（三）體制規則與創新績效………………………...……………....…. 89
六、創新實踐作為對創意構想守門與創新績效關係的中介效果….... 90
參、研究方法………………...………………………………………..... 91
一、研究架構…………………………...………………………………. 91
二、研究過程…………………………………...…………………..…... 92
（一）、問卷設計…………...………………………………………..…. 92
（二）、研究對象與樣本來源………………………………….....……. 93
（三）、問卷發放與回收情形…………………………...…………..…. 93
三、衡量………………………………...………………………………. 93
（一）、創意構想守門能耐量表……………………...………………... 93
（二）、體制規則量表…………………...………………………..……. 94
（三）、創新實踐作為量表……………...…………………………..…. 94
（四）、專案團隊創新績效量表…………...………………………..…. 95
（五）、控制變項……………………...………………………………... 95
（四）、共同方法變異………………………………...………………... 96
肆、實證結果……………...……………………………………………. 96
一、敘述統計分析…………………...………………………………..... 96
二、相關分析…………………………...………………………………. 97
三、創意構想守門、創新實踐作為與創新績效…………………..…… 98
（一）、測量模式分析結果……………………………...…………....... 99
（二）、主要效果模式…………………………...…………..………... 101
（三）、理論模式………………………………………...……..….….. 101
（四）、飽和模式………………………………………...……..….….. 101
伍、討論與結論……………………………...…………………….….. 105
一、主要效果……………………………...…………………….…….. 105
（一）、創意構想守門能耐與創新績效…………………..………….. 105
（二）、體制規則與創新績效……………………………….………... 106
（三）、創新實踐作為與創新績效………………………….…...…… 106
二、中介效果………………………..………………………….……... 107
（一）、創意構想守門、創新實踐做為與創新績效……..….….…….. 107
三、研究限制與未來研究方向………..……………...……..…….….. 107
（一）、樣本取樣的限制………...…………………………..………... 108
（二）、樣本數的不足…………………...…………………..….…….. 108
（三）、創新績效客觀指標的缺乏………………...………...……….. 108
（四）、橫斷面研究的限制………………...……………………...….. 108
（五）、單一分析層次變項的研究限制………...…………..………... 108
第五章、總結……………………...………..………………………………... 111
壹、研究發現…………………………………………………….......... 113
一、綜合討論…………………………………………………….......... 113
（一）創意構想守門與創新實踐作為………………………….......... 113
1. 創意構想守門能耐與創新實踐作為….…………………….......... 113
2. 創意構想體制規則與創新實踐作為….…………………….......... 114
3. 創意構想守門與創新實踐作為小結….…………………….......... 115
（二）創新實踐作為與創新績效….……………...…………….......... 115
（三）體制規則與守門能耐….……………...………………….......... 116
（四）創意構想守門與創新績效….………...………………….......... 116
二、理論與實務意涵….……………....……...………………….......... 117
（一）理論意涵….……………....……...……………………….......... 117
1. Lewin守門理論觀點….…………....……...………………….......... 117
2. 技術守門人觀點….…………....……...……………………........... 119
3. Csikszentmihaly系統觀點的學門….…………....……......….......... 120
4. Kuhn的典範觀點….…………....……...……………………........... 123
（二）實務意涵….…………....……..........……………………........... 125
三、研究限制與後續研究建議….…………………....……......….......... 127
（一）研究限制….……………………………….....……......….......... 127
（二）後續研究建議….………………………….....……......….......... 128
參考文獻….……………………………….....……................….......... 131 |
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| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
89359503
98 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0893595031 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [科技管理研究所] 學位論文
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