Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/48940
|
Title: | 企業以國際合資方式發展新事業之研究-組織學習的觀點 A study on new business development in the form of international joint venture - in the view of organizational learning |
Authors: | 楊淇筠 |
Contributors: | 吳豐祥 楊淇筠 |
Keywords: | 國際合資 組織學習 連鎖餐飲業 新事業 international joint venture organizational learning chain restaurant business, new business |
Date: | 2008 |
Issue Date: | 2010-12-08 01:53:34 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 觀察國內連鎖服務業近二十年來的發展,由於台灣生活水準的提高,服務業也更為精緻化、多元化,除了本土的連鎖服務業種類與品牌日亦增加,也有愈來愈多的跨國連鎖服務業透過合資、授權或在台設立分公司的方式進入台灣市場。以目前國內連鎖餐飲業的發展情況來看,已有不少跨國企業成功將餐飲文化與標準化餐飲管理技術帶入台灣,包括麥當勞與肯德基、T.G.I. Friday’s、摩斯漢堡、Afternoon Tea、Cold Stone,Burger King等,這些國外品牌成功的融合台灣在地文化在台灣市場穩定發展,並促使台灣餐飲業更注重消費者的感受與服務品質。
然而,國外企業要進入台灣市場必定會面臨一些環境差異的挑戰,因此許多國際品牌選擇以合資的方式和本地企業合作以順利擴張其品牌營運範圍。國內亦有不少企業集團以合資方式和名國際品牌合作發展新事業,一方面能學習到國外品牌企業之經營知識技術,並獲得品牌知名度的優勢;另一方面則可善用集團內部的資源。相較於自行發展品牌進入不熟悉的領域,此種做法能減少風險並增加效率。然而,由於合資的原故,新事業的發展必然也會受到國外企業的牽制與規範,從初期技術轉移、經營模式到未來的策略選擇方面,可能都會面臨一些困難與挑戰。
本研究以本地企業和國際品牌企業合資引進國外品牌,並建立新事業之過程做為主軸,以組織學習的觀點探究其新事業營運模式之建立過程。本研究主要獲得以下結論:
1. 台灣企業以國際合資方式引進國外品牌建之新事業,初期團隊的經營幹部大部分由台灣母公司指派,且組織扁平化。
2. 以合資方式引進國外品牌的新事業享有當地與海外母公司的雙重資源,在品牌理念方面深受外資企業的影響,但在經營管理方面則會融合兩方的特色。
3. 國際合資新事業的初期籌備著重於向品牌方學習相關的知識技術,是以模仿學習為主,之後則會從經驗中學習,配合環境做出調整。
4. 在新事業建立初期,若國外品牌方能夠提供教育訓練或提供人力於營運當地協助,將有助於合資新事業快速學習知識並建立營運模式。而長期經營則有賴良好的溝通機制使得雙方的知識交流能持續不斷。
5. 國際合資新事業由於引進品牌在當地經營,在不違背國外品牌企業的限制下,會做適度的在地化,也因產生創新。以相關多角化發展合資新事業的企業,由於集團內部的互補資源較多,將有助於合資新事業創新的產生。 With the improving standard of living in Taiwan, the chain-store industry has become more delicate and more diverse. The number of local chain-store brands has increased, and more and more multinational chain services companies have entered Taiwan market with the forms of joint ventures, licensing or setting up branches. Many multinational companies have successfully brought the food cultures and the food management technology into Taiwan, such as McDonald`s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, TGI Friday`s, Mos Burger, Afternoon Tea, Cold Stone, Burger King, etc. These foreign brands have successful adapted the Taiwanese culture and have been developing stably in Taiwan. They also have inspired Taiwan`s restaurants to pay more attention to the feelings of consumers and the service quality.
However, due to the differences of market natures, foreign enterprises face some challenges as they enter the Taiwan market. For the reason, many international brands set up joint ventures with local enterprises to expand their business territory. Some domestic enterprises also develop their new businesses through international joint ventures. In this way, they not only can learn knowledge and skills from the foreign brands, but also can utilize their intra-group resources. By establishing international joint ventures reduce risk and increase efficiency, the domestic enterprises want to enter an unfamiliar area. New business development, however, will necessarily be restricted by the foreign enterprises, from the initial transfer of technology, operational strategy, and the future choice, and this development may face some difficulties and challenges.
The study focuses on the process of the domestic enterprises when they build new business with international joint ventures. The main literature in this study includes international new business venture, organizational learning, and creative value.
There are several conclusions from the study:
1. The organization of the initial team of the Taiwanese enterprises which builds the brand new business through international joint venture is flat. Most of the management cadres of the initial team come from the Taiwan’s parent company.
2. The new business which introduces foreign brand with international joint ventures enjoys the dual resources, the brand concept will influence deeply by foreign company, but the management will be integrated in the operating characteristics of the two sides.
3. International new business venture learn knowledge from the brand company at early stage, focusing on learning from imitation, but later would learn from experience, and adapt to the environment.
4. If the foreign brands are able to provide education, training or providing manpower to assistant in Taiwan, the new business venture will learn quickly and easy to establish the business model. The long-term business relies on good communication mechanism to allow the exchange of knowledge of both sides continuously.
5. International joint venture will localize, but not violate the constraints of foreign brands, so it produces innovation. The companies which develop joint new business ventures with related diversification are easy to produce innovation because there are more complementary resources in the companies. 目錄 viii
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 研究流程 4
第四節 論文內容 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 新事業相關文獻 6
一、內部創業的意涵 6
二、企業之創業活動 7
三、多角化的定義 13
四、多角化的種類 16
五、多角化動機 19
六、小結 24
第二節 國際合資 24
一、國際合資的定義 25
二、合資動機 27
三、合資相關理論 28
四、小結 32
第三節 組織學習理論 33
一、組織學習的定義 33
二、組織學習的類型 35
三、組織學習程序 37
四、小結 42
第四節 創新之定義與類型 43
一、創新的意義 43
二、創新的類型 44
三、小結 45
第五節 連鎖餐飲業的定義及特性 46
一、連鎖之定義 46
二、連鎖餐飲業的定義及其特性 47
三、小結 49
第六節 本章小結 49
第三章 研究架構與研究設計 50
第一節 研究架構與變數說明 50
一、研究架構 50
二、研究變數說明 50
第二節 研究方法 53
第三節 研究對象 54
第四節 資料蒐集方式 54
第五節 研究限制 56
第四章 個案研究 57
第一節 E咖啡 57
一、個案公司簡介 57
二、國際合資新事業 58
三、組織學習類型 60
四、組織學習程序 61
五、創造價值 63
第二節 安心食品公司 64
一、個案公司介紹 64
二、國際合資新事業 65
三、組織學習類型 68
四、組織學習程序 69
五、創造價值 71
第三節 統一星巴克 72
一、個案公司簡介 72
二、國際合資新事業 74
三、組織學習類型 75
四、組織學習程序 76
五、創造價值 77
第四節 統一多拿滋 78
一、個案公司簡介 78
二、國際合資新事業 79
三、組織學習類型 80
四、組織學習程序 81
五、創造價值 82
第五節 個案彙整 84
第五章 研究發現與討論 86
第一節 國際合資新事業 86
第二節 組織學習機制 89
第三節 創造價值 98
第六章 研究結論與建議 104
第一節 研究結論 104
第二節 實務上建議 106
第三節 後續研究建議 107
參考文獻 109 |
Reference: | 一、中文部分 1. 司徒達賢(2001),《策略管理新論》,初版,智勝文化事業有限公司。 2. 守寍寍(2005),「甜甜圈重新定義變成生活提案」,商業週刊第908期。 3. 李啟誠(民92),「國際合資事業控制機制之研究-以組織學習觀點」,國立成功大學企業管理研究所博士論文。 4. 汪楷航(民92),「國際速食連鎖餐飲市場區隔之研究-以台灣肯德基為例」,國立東華大學國際企業研究所碩士論文。 5. 林子正(民95),「OEM/ODM廠商轉型自有品牌經營隻行銷通路建構歷程研究-以明基電通為例」,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。 6. 林嘉慧(2010),「如何結合國內外資源促進餐飲業成長」,全球台商e焦點電子報。 7. 林麗娟(民83),「台灣地區國際合資動機、貢獻及管理機制之研究」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。 8. 吳青松,(2002),《國際企業管理—理論與實務》,智勝文化事業有限公司。 9. 吳豐祥(1994),「技術合作的模式與趨勢」,輔仁大學第三屆產業管理研討會,pp.14-21。 10. 邱果旻(民95年),「有機領域的創業與經營模式之研究」,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。 1. 統一星巴克官方網站 http://www.starbucks.com.tw/home/index.jspx 2. 統一多拿滋官方網站 http://www.misterdonut.com.tw/ 11. 洪偉峻(民92),「母公司間之互動關係對國際合資事業績效影響之探討」,銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士班論文。 12. 洪若眉(民95),「組織學習與國際行銷能力之建構-以台灣健身器材廠商為例」東海大學國際貿易學習碩士論文。 13. 高秋英(2004),林玥秀合著,《餐飲管理-理論與實務》,第四版,揚智文化事業股份有限公司。 14. 徐光宇(2007),「統一星巴克徐光宇,不只咖啡更賣第三生活空間 」,遠見雜誌248期。 15. 陳昱妤(民94),「外部環境與內部資源對公司轉投資及內部多角化經營型態決策之影響」,國立中正大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。 16. 陳翌函(2008/8/20),「統一多拿滋 進軍正餐輕食」,經濟日報。 17. 湯明哲(2003),《策略精論》,天下文化書坊出版。 18. 張如蓮(民85),「高科技事業中創新類型與組織知識創造之研究」,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。 19. 張嘉琪(民90),「以認知、自我效能及學習型組識理論探討知識創新之研究」大葉大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。 20. 遠見編輯(2001),《統一星巴克總經理徐光宇 複製統一超商內部創業成功的活力》,天下遠見出版股份有限公司。 21. 熊學彥(1992/7),「內部創業開闢事業第二春」,統領雜誌。 22. 劉仁傑,(民90),《讓競爭者學不像》,遠流出版社出版。 23. 劉德宜(2006/10/16),「小AE變星巴克CEO」,時報週刊1494期。 24. 劉橫智(民88),「華人研發創業者之創業生涯」,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。 25. 賴士葆(民85),《商學總論》,麥田出版社。11. 賴宏誌(民92),「網絡關係對新創企業發展影響之研究-以台灣高科技公司為例」,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。 26. 盧天富(民91),「資訊部門企業內部創業經營管理之研究」,國立中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。 27. 謝政樺(民98),「從組織知識學習與資源觀點探討台灣自有品牌廠商的國際行銷通路建構模式-以網通廠商為例」,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。 28. Diana Luo(2005),《咖啡中的極品:星巴克》,維德文化事業有限公司。 29. Pinchot III,G.著,(1998)尉謄蛟譯,《Intrapreneuring (內部創業)》,長河出版社。 二、英文部分 1. Aaker, D.A. (1984), Developing Business Strategies, New York: John Willey and Sons, pp.35-36. 2. Aaker, D. A. (1989), Managing Assets and Skills:The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage, California Management Review, pp. 91-106. 3. Allen, B. & Hamilton (1985), Diversification: A Survey of European Chief Executives, Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc., N.Y. 4. Amit, R. & Livant, J. (1988), “Diversification Strategies, Business Cycle, and Economic Performance,” Strategic Management Journal, 9(2), pp.99-110. 5. Anand, B. N. & Khanna, T. (2000), “Do Firms Learn to Create Value? The Case of Alliance”, Strategic Management Journal, 21, pp.295-315. 6. Anderson, E. (1990), “Two Firms, One Frontier: On Assessing Joint Venture Performance”, Sloan Management Review, Winter, pp.19-30. 7. Ansoff, H. I. (1965), Corporate Strategy, McGraw-Hill Book Co. 8. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. (1978), Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective, Mass, Addison Wesley 9. Beamish, P. W. (1985), “ The Characteristics of Joint Ventures in Developed and Developing Countries”, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol.20 (3), Fall, pp.13-19. 10. Berry, C. H. (1975), Corporate Growth and Diversification, Princeton University Press, Princeton. 11. Blodgett, L. L. (1991), “Toward a Resource-Based Theory of Bargaining Power in International Joint Ventures”, Journal of Global Marketing, Vol.5, pp.35-54. 12. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., Hart, M. M. & Edelman, L. F. (1997), “Resource Configurations over the Life Cycle of Venture,” Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, pp.315-329. 13. Burgelman R.A. (1984), “Designs of Corporate Entrepreneurship in Established Firm”, California Management Review, No.3, Spring. 14. Chandler, A. D. (1962), Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise, Cambrdige Mass: M.I.T. Press. 15. Coase, R. H. (1937), “The Nature of the Firm”, Economica, Vol.4, pp.386-405. 16. Contractor, F. J. (1990), “Contractual and Cooperative Forms of International Business: Towards a Unified Theory of Model Choice”, Management International Review, Vol.30, First Quarter, pp.31-54. 17. Datta, D. K. (1988), “International Joint Ventures: A Framework for Analysis”, Journal of General Management, Vol.14(2), Winter, pp.78-91. 18. DiMaggio, P. J. and Powell, W. W. (1983), “The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields,” American Sociological Review, (48), pp: 147-160. 19. Dixon, N. M. (1994), The Organizational Learning Cycle: How We Can Learn Collectively, Hampshire, England, Gower. 20. Drucker, P. (1974), Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices, New York: Harper and Row. 21. Fiol, C. M. & Lyles, M. (1985), “Organizational Learning”, Academy Of Management Review, 10(4), pp.803-813. 22. Geringer, J. M. (1988), Joint Venture Partner Selection: Strategies for Developed Countries, Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. 23. Geringer, J. M. & L. Hebert (1989), “Control and Performance of International Joint Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.20, Summer, pp.235-254. 24. Glueck, W. F. (1976), Businesspolicy-Strategy Formation and Management Action, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 25. Gomes-Casseres, Benjamin. (1987), “Joint Ventures Instability: Is It a Problem? “, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol.22, Summer, pp.97-102. 26. Gomes-Casseres, Benjamin (1990), “Firm Ownership Perfernces and Host Government Retrictions”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.21(1), First Quarter, pp.1-22. 27. Gort, M. D. (1962), Diversification and Integration in American Industry, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press. 28. Hamel, G. (1991), ”Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning within International Strategic Alliances”, Strategic Management Journal, 12, pp.83-103. 29. Hennart, J. F. (1988), “A Transaction Costs Theory of Joint Ventures”, Strategic Management Journal, 9, pp.361-374. 30. Hennart, J. F. (1991), “The Transaction Costs Theory of Joint Ventures: An Empirical Study of Japanese Subsidiaries in the United States”, Management Science, 37, pp.483-497. 31. Harrigan, K. R. (1984),“Joint Ventures and Global Strategies”, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 19, pp. 7-13. 32. Harrigan, K. R. (1985), Strategies for Joint Ventures, Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books. 33. Harrigan, K. R. (1988), “Strategic Alliances and Partner Asymmetries”, Management International Review, Vol.28, pp.52-72. 34. Huber, George P. (1991), “Organizational Learning: The contributing Processes and the Literatures”, Organizational Science, February, pp.88-115. 35. Kamien, M. I. & Schwartz, N. L. (1975), “Market Structure and Innovation: A Survey,” Journal of Economic Literature, 13(1), pp.1-37. 36. Killing, J. Peter (1982), “How to Make a Global Joint Venture Work”, Harvard Business Review, May/June, pp.120-127. 37. Kogut, B. (1988), “Joint Venture: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.9, Jul/Aug, pp.319-332. 38. Kogut, B. (1991), “Joint Ventures and the Option to Expand and Acquire”, Management Science, Vol.37, pp.19-33. 39. Kogut, B. & Zander, A. (1992), “Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology”, Organization Science, 3(3), pp.383-397. 40. Levitt, B. & March, J. G. (1988), “Organizational Learning”, Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 319-340. 41. Meyers, Patricia W. (1990), “Non-Liner Learning in the Technological Firms”, Research Policy, 19 (2): pp.97-115. 42. Nevis, E. C., DiBella, A. J. and Gould, J. M. (1995). “Understanding Organization as Learning Systems,"Sloan Management Review, 36(2), pp.73-85. 43. Nonaka, I. (1994), “A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation”, Organization Science, 5(1), pp.14-37. 44. Osborn, R. & Baughn, C. (1990), “Forms of interorganizational governance for multinational alliances”, Academy of Management Journal, 33, pp.503-519. 45. Pennings, J. M. (1981), Strategically interdependent organizations. Handbook of Organizational Design, N.Y.: Oxford University Press. 46. Pfeffer, J. & P. Nowak (1976), “Joint Ventures and Interorganizational International Interdependence”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.21, pp.398-418. 47. Pfeffer, J. & Salancik, G. (1978), The External Control of Organizations, Harpercollins College Div. 48. Pinchot, G. (1985), Intrapreneuring: Why You Don’t Have to Leave the Corporation to Become an Entrepreneur. New York: Harper & Row. 49. Pitts, R. A. & Hopkins, H. D. (1982), “Firm Diversity: Conceptualization and Measurement,” Academy of Management Review, 7 (4), pp.620-629. 50. Roberts, E.B. & Barry, C.A. (1985), “Entering New Business: Selecting Strategy for Success,” Sloan Management Review, 26, pp.3-17. 51. Root, F. R. (1988), Some Taxonomies of International Cooperative Arrangement, in Farok Contractor and Peter Lorange eds., Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books, pp.69-80. 52. Rumelt, R. P. (1974), Strategy, Structure, and Economic Performance, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 53. Rumelt, R. P. (1987), “Theory, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship”, The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger. 137:58. 54. Ramanujam, R. & Varadarajan, P. (1989), “Research on Corporate Diversification: Asynthesis,” Strategic Management Journal, 10, pp.523-551. 55. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934), The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 56. Senge, P. M. (1990), The Fifth Discipline-the Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, New York, Publishing Doubleday. 57. Shenkar, O. & Y. Zeira (1987), “Human Resources Management in International Joint Ventures: Directions for Research”, Academy of Management Review, Vol.12, pp.546-557. 58. Simon, H. A. (1953), “Birth of an Organization: The Economic cooperation Administration”, Public Administrative Review, 13(4), pp.227-236. 59. Szulanski, G. (1996), “Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice Within the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal, 17, pp.27-43. 60. Teece, D. J. (1982), “Towards an Economic Theory of the Multiproduct Firm”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 3, pp.39-63. 61. Teece, D. J. (1986), “ Transaction Cost Economics and the Multinational Enterprise”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.3, pp.21-45. 62. Timmons, J. A. (1990), New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship in the 1990’s, IL: Irwin. 63. Timmons, J. A. (1999), New Venture Creation—Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century, McGraw-Hill, pp.37-40. 64. Tomlinson, J. W. C. (1970), The Joint Venture Process in International business: India and Pakistan, Cambridge, Mass.: The M.I.T Press. 65. Williamson, O. E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implication, N.Y. : Macmillan Publishing Co. 66. Young, R. G. & Bradford, S. J. (1977), Joint Ventures Planning and Action, New York : Arthur D. Little. 67. Zeng, M. (2003), Managing the cooperative dilemma of joint ventures: the role of structural factors, Journal of International Management, Vol.9, pp.95-113. 三、網站 |
Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 科技管理研究所 97359026 97 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097359026 |
Data Type: | thesis |
Appears in Collections: | [科技管理研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
File |
Size | Format | |
index.html | 0Kb | HTML2 | 642 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|