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    Title: 壓力情境對入睡過程主觀知覺的影響
    The Subjective Perception during Sleep Onset Period on Stress Situation
    Authors: 楊旻鑫
    Yang, Min-Hsin
    Contributors: 楊建銘
    楊旻鑫
    Yang, Min-Hsin
    Keywords: 入睡起始
    壓力
    入睡主觀心理
    高激發
    Date: 2008
    Issue Date: 2010-04-09 12:58:30 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 入睡過程(sleep onset process)可視為連續性生理與心理的轉變過程。在這過程中，主觀心理的面向包括對環境刺激(例如聲音)的察覺程度，與內在思緒及影像的出現與否，以及主觀上的睡眠深度。這些主觀心理向度的變化，會隨著不同入睡階段而產生各自的轉變，同時這些向度也可能受生理與心理狀態的影響而有所不同，而可能使得主、客觀睡眠狀態差異出現更為明顯的情形。因此，本研究透過給予受試者壓力情境，讓受試者產生過度激發的特徵，來試圖探討在壓力下對於入睡主觀知覺造成的影響。
    本實驗之樣本為13名大學生與研究生，年齡18-30歲 (平均年齡22.2歲)。受試者在白天至睡眠實驗室小睡，依據多頻道睡眠檢查 (polysomnography , PSG)的記錄，分別在受試者出現慢速眼動 (slow eye movement , SEM)、階段一睡眠、階段二睡眠、以及進入睡眠階段二後五分鐘時，叫醒受試者四次，進行問卷訪談。問卷為自行編製的結構性問卷，內容詢問受試者在喚醒當時的各類知覺經驗、睡眠知覺(例如睡著與否的判定)、思考狀態等不同向度的主觀感受。每一位受試者皆會進行兩次測試，一次為控制情境，一次為壓力情境，順序採對抗平衡。然後比較在兩情境下，各面向心理狀態的差異。
    由於受試者樣本較小的緣故，本研究以無母數統計，來分析比較四種入睡階段在兩種情境下主觀感受的差異程度。結果發現當入睡進入慢速眼動期，『聲音有無』在兩組會出現顯著差異；階段一時，『外在環境刺激的清晰度』、『聲音清晰度』、『感官與今天經驗關連度』實驗組高於控制組；在階段二時，『思考有無』實驗組高於控制組，在階段二過後五分鐘時，『感官與今天經驗關連度』，實驗組高於控制組。其餘指標則有接近顯著的傾向，進入慢速眼動期時『聲音清晰度』、『感官控制』，實驗組可能有高於控制組的傾向，接近顯著；在階段一時， 『入睡程度』，實驗組有高於控制組的傾向；在入睡腦波的階段二，『影像清晰度』及『情緒程度』，實驗組有高於控制組的傾向；當入睡進入階段二後五分鐘，『感官真實』，實驗組有高於控制組的傾向。
    本研究發現壓力所造成對入睡主觀經驗的影響，會讓個體的知覺與現實生活有更多的連結相關，對外在環境會出現更多的警覺。另外對於睡眠知覺的判斷，也許則會有維持更清醒意識狀態的傾向，並可能出現更多的情緒及想法。在早期入睡心理歷程被認為與入睡腦波變化有著不同的進程，而在高激發或壓力狀態下的入睡心理狀態研究，雖然看到更為明顯的主客觀不一致現象，但僅侷限於主觀睡著率與入睡時間點的判斷，並未研究其他更多的心理面向。本研究發現入睡初期，對於外在有著更加的警覺度，對現實有更多的連結，可以解釋為何在壓力狀態下，受試者的睡眠知覺會出現更明顯的清醒狀態。研究結果除確認了腦波變化與心理感受有各自的進程，並顯示腦波變化並不能完全反映入睡時心理狀態的變化，而且入睡時的心理感受不穩定，極易受到個體狀態的影響。此結果可進一步為日後探討入睡心理歷程及相關異常現象作為基礎。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    93752016
    97
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0937520161
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Psychology] Theses

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