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    Title: 科學發現與知識成長: 我們能從科學哲學當中學到什麼?
    Authors: 詹志禹
    Date: 2002
    Issue Date: 2009-11-02 13:17:16 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文的主要目的在順著科學哲學發展的歷史脈落,以各派科學哲學的觀點分析「科學發現」與「知識成長」的歷程。經過重新檢視歸納法、邏輯實證論、波普的觀點、孔恩的貢獻、費若本的啟示、圖爾明的模式、以及夏皮爾的論述之後,我們可以得到下列結論:1.歸納法在本質上是一種「假設-驗證」的問題解決歷程;2.不要期待透過簡單、機械性、神秘的、意外的歷程,就能有重要的「科學發現」;3.「科學發現」必須以「科學創造」為前提,沒有創造就沒有發現;4.「科學發現」雖無邏輯可循,卻有理由可循,是一個理性的歷程;5.典範會幫助創造,也會抑制創造,必須了解典範、尋找異例、偵知錯誤、容忍危機、挑戰典範,才能創造新典範;6.創造思考與批判思考之間、擴散思考與聚斂思考之間、或變異與選擇之間的循環回饋歷程,是知識成長的基本歷程。每一條結論都對學習、教學或學術研究有一些含意。
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Education] Periodical Articles

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