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    題名: 死亡率改善模型的探討及保險商品自然避險策略之應用
    作者: 陳文琴
    貢獻者: 黃泓智
    陳文琴
    關鍵詞: 自然避險策略
    Principal Component Analysis
    Lee-Carter
    日期: 2007
    上傳時間: 2009-09-18 20:20:15 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 隨著醫療技術的進步、環境衛生的改善與人類追求健康生活型態的趨勢,全世界人類死亡率不斷逐年地下降中。但死亡率的下降不僅影響政府的社會福利政策,也影響到壽險公司對於未來的不確定性。例如在年金商品定價上,如果使用不適當的死亡率預測將會導致保險公司在未來現金流量上的不穩定,進而影響到公司的財務健全度。因此用來預估死亡率的模型便扮演著相當重要的角色。本研究首先透過Reduction Factor圖形觀察台灣、日本、美國、加拿大、英國與法國的歷年死亡率變動,之後再使用廣為人使用的Lee-Carter模型與其改善方法主成分分析方法(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)預估未來死亡率,最後再比較兩種方法在預測死亡率的表現。再透過計算年金商品與壽險商品的純保費部份,了解忽略死亡率變動趨勢所可能產生的影響。最後利用上述年金商品與壽險商品對於死亡率帶來的影響,討論保險公司在上述情形之下可以採取的最佳自然避險策略。
    參考文獻: 英文部分
    Bell, W.R. (1997) “Comparing and Assessing Time Series Methods for Forecasting Age-Specific Fertility and Mortality Rates.” Journal of Official Statistics 13(3): 279-303.
    Blake, D., A. J. G. Cairns and K. Dowd (2006a). Living With Mortality: Longevity Bonds and Other Mortality-Linked Securities, British Actuarial Journal, 12, No.1, 153-197.
    Blake, D., Andrew Cairns, Kevin Dowd, and Richard MacMinn (2006b). Longevity Bonds: Financial Engineering, Valuation, and Hedging. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 73, No.4: 647-672.
    Cairns, A. J.G., Blake, D., Dowd ,K., Coughlan, Guy D., Epstein, D., Ong, A., and Balevich, I. (2007). A quantitative comparison of stochastic mortality models using data from England and Wales and the United States. Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences.
    Cairns, A.J.G., Blake, D. & Dowd, K. (2005b). Pricing death: Frameworks for the
    valuation and securitisation of mortality risk. Working paper, Heriot-Watt University.
    Continuous Mortality Investigation Report No.17(1999), Institute of Actuaries and Faculty of Actuaries.
    Cox, S.H. & Lin, Y. (2007). Natural hedging of life and annuity mortality risk., North American Actuarial Journal 11(3). 1-15.
    Cramer, H., and Wold, H. (1935). Mortality variations in Sweden: a study in graduation and forecasting, Skandinavisk Aktuarietidskrift 18, pp. 164-241.
    Dowd, K. (2003). Survivor Bonds: A Comment on Blake and Burrows. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 70, No.2: 339-348.
    Dowd, Kevin, David Blake, Andrew J.G. Cairns, and Paul Dawson (2006). Survivor Swaps. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1: 1-17.
    Fries, J. F., (1980). Aging, nature death, and the compression of morbidity. New England Journal of Medicine 303(3), 130-135.
    Human Mortality Database 2008. http://www.mortality.org.
    Lee, R.D., Carter, L. R. (1992). Modeling and forecasting US mortality. Journal of the American Statistical Association 87 (419), p.659-675.
    Lee, R.D.(1997). The Lee-Carter Method for forecasting mortality, with Various Extension and Applications. University of California.
    Lewis (1982). C.D. Lewis Industrial and business forecasting methods, Butterworths, London (1982).
    Lin, Y. & Cox, S.H. (2005). Securitization of mortality risks in life annuities. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 72, 227-252.
    Olivieri, A. (2001). Uncertainty in mortality projections: an actuarial perspective. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, vol.29(2), pp.231-245.
    Swiss Re, 2007. Annuities: a private solution to longevity risk. Sigma vol.3.
    Wilmoth, J. (1993). Computational methods for fitting and extrapolating the lee-carter method of mortality change, Technical Report, Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley.
    Wilmoth, J.R., Horiuchi, S. (1999). Rectangularization revisited: Variability of age at death within human populations. Demography 36(4), p.475-495.
    Wong-Fupuy, C., and Haberman, S. (2004), Projecting mortality trends: Recent
    developments in the UK and the US, North American Actuarial Journal, 8: 56-
    83.
    Wang, L. J., Huang, H. C., Yang, S.S. and Tsai T. J. (2008 forthcoming), An Optimal Product Mix for Hedging Longevity Risk in Life Insurance Companies: The Immunization Theory Approach. Journal of Risk and Insurance.
    中文部分
    余清祥(2002),死亡率的降低對於退休金純保費的影響:台灣地區的實証研究,壽險季刊,125期,第9-20頁。
    曾奕翔(2005),台灣地區死亡率推估的實證方法之研究與相關年金問題之探討,國立政治大學風險管理與保險系研究所碩士論文。
    余清祥、曾奕翔(2005),Lee-Carter模型分析:台灣地區死亡率推估之研究,2005年台灣人口學會學術研討會論文。
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    風險管理與保險研究所
    95358022
    96
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095358022
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[風險管理與保險學系] 學位論文

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