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    題名: 個別估價與大量估價準確性之研究
    The Study on Accuracy of Appraisers and Mass Appraisal
    作者: 楊依蓁
    Young, I-Jan
    貢獻者: 陳奉瑤
    Chen, Fung-Yiao
    楊依蓁
    Young, I-Jan
    關鍵詞: 估值準確性
    個別估價
    大量估價
    accuracy of valuation
    appraiser
    mass appraisal
    日期: 2005
    上傳時間: 2009-09-18 16:17:08 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 隨著電腦及統計模型的發展、原本用於稅賦評估工具的大量估價逐漸受到重視。美國更利用完善的國家層級資料，將大量估價改良為自動估價模型（Automated Valuation Model, AVM）。由於估值估算快速、成本低廉及龐大的資料庫等優點，受到美國私部門的歡迎。另一方面，不動產市場仍有存在著個別估價的客觀性的質疑，而估價行為學也證實了個別估價有偏離估價程序的可能。市場上存在著兩者的支持者，但由於兩者特性迥然不同，甚難比較。

    本研究以一致的資料庫及衡量標準，將交易價格做為市場價值表徵，以估值的準確性作為衡量兩者的準則，找出兩者的特性及適用範圍。實證結果顯示當勘估標的數量達到一定程度，可忽略不動產的異質性時，個別估價與大量估價準確性並沒有顯著的差異。但個別估價準確性的分配較大量估價集中、且偏誤程度也較低。個別估價較不受不動產特性的影響，適用的範圍較廣；而大量估價較易受到不動產特性影響，適用範圍視資料庫的內容而定。另一方面，個別估價的估價認知具有時間性，表示不動產估價師需更新估價認知，以保持高度的估值準確性。此說明了國內不動產市場的變化快速及國內不動產估價師的專業能力。
    With the development of computer and statistical model, the mass appraisal as assessment tool has been paid attention gradually. Americans utilize the national data to develop Automated Valuation Models (AVMs).For its advantages of faster valuation , less cost and huge database, mass appraisal is used as assessment but also appraisal tool . On the other hand, the real estate market stills have query with objectivity of individual appraisers. The study of appraisers’ behavior suggest that the possibility of deviate from standard procedure of appraising. In a matter of fact, the real state market is filled with supporters of appraisers and mass appraisals. Because of these different characteristic, it’s difficult to compare with.

    This research will trade selling-prices to seek for the market value form with unanimous database and criterion, regard accuracy of valuation as and weigh the criterion of the two, and find out the characteristic of the two and scope of application .Although the result showed that the accuracy is no difference between appraiser and mass appraisal significantly when the amount of real estates is large enough to neglect heterogeneity. Compare with mass appraisal, the distribution of appraiser’s accuracy is more centralized and the standard deviation is smaller. The accuracy of appraiser is steady, and the scope of application is relatively wide. But the accuracy of mass appraisal is affected by the characteristic of real estate, and the scope of application depends on content of the database.On the other hand, the appraisal cognition has timeliness, it shows appraiser needs to upgrade the appraise cognition and the market condition , in order to keep the valuation accuracy of the height. This has stated the fast-change market and domestic the professional ability of appraisers.
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