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    題名: 教育報酬、工資不均與異質性人力資本的研究
    作者: 賴偉文
    貢獻者: 莊奕琦
    賴偉文
    關鍵詞: 教育報酬
    分量迴歸
    人力資本投資
    工具變數
    異質性
    比較利益
    日期: 2007
    上傳時間: 2009-09-18 16:03:02 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 隨著理論與實證方法的發展，人力資本報酬的異質性已被國內外學者所重視，因此，本論文採取將人力資本視為異質性的觀點，首先以分量迴歸模型估計不同工資分配下教育的邊際報酬率，呈現人力資本投資在不同工資水準下的異質性，並進一步探討台灣地區工資不均的成因。實證結果發現，若增加對教育的投資將有助於降低勞動市場的工資不均度，而工作經驗的累積則將會擴大工資的不均度。此外，若增加勞動市場高教育程度與(或)女性工作者的比例，將有助於改善工資的不均度，但若勞動市場上高經驗年數之工作者所占的比例愈高，則對工資不均度將有不利的影響。

    而為了避免因選擇橫斷面資料分析時所可能產生的偏誤與不一致，本論文以年群世代的資料進一步描述學校教育品質的時間變化，體現教育的品質與內涵。發現過去較年長世代所接受之教育的效果，乃在於加強個人的能力，深化個人專業能力進而表現在工資水準上。而年輕世代所接受之現代教育的效果，則在於補足個人能力的不足之處，表示在年輕的世代中，教育乃做為培養多元或多樣化能力的途徑，彌補先天能力的異質性，更突顯教育於二十一世紀之人力資本投資的重要性。

    另外，本論文並考慮人力資本投資的內生性，以工具變數法呈現特殊群組的異質性教育報酬率，並解決可能產生的內生性偏誤估計。結果發現，以工具變數法所估計教育報酬率，均高於傳統OLS所估計的教育報酬率。且透過不同工具變數的選擇與結合，經由多重判斷標準，可得到對平均教育報酬率較有效的一致性估計。我們發現男性與女性教育報酬率分別為5.97%與14.69%，顯示傳統OLS估計的女性教育報酬率存在嚴重的低估現象。

    最後以異質性教育報酬率模型估計個人教育決策的選擇結果所造成之異質性教育報酬率。估計的結果發現，若忽略異質性與選擇偏誤的重要性，將導致估計參數的偏差與不一致。而由邊際處置效果MTE曲線發現，愈有可能進入大學就讀的人，有愈高的教育報酬，顯示勞動市場存在比較利益，而遞減的MTE曲線更進一步指明，樣本在教育選擇過程中存在未觀測到的異質性，也更確切地顯示勞動市場中人力資本的異質性與比較利益原則的存在。
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