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    Title: 生物多樣性保護網路的成本有效性分析
    Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Reserve Network for Biodiversity Conservation
    Authors: 王肇強
    Wang, Chao Chiang
    Contributors: 蕭代基
    Shaw, Daigee
    王肇強
    Wang, Chao Chiang
    Keywords: 生物多樣性保育
    保護區
    成本有效性分析
    biodiversity conservation
    protected area
    cost effectiveness analysis
    Date: 2006
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 15:56:51 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 就地保育被認為是保育生物多樣性的重點工作之一,而設置保護區是最常見的就地保育做法。本文的研究重點在於如何提昇保護區規劃的效率,內容可分為兩大部份。第一部份為回顧用於保護網絡規劃的保護區選擇問題理論相關研究,將研究演進方向分為保育目標、保育成本與限制條件、演算法、空間配置及有效棲地四類進行探討。第二部份為兩個個案分析。個案一為台灣保護網絡規劃研究,利用三種不同的規劃方式來尋找不同水準保育經費限制下,能使保育目標(受保護物種數)極大化的保護區組合。結果發現以OSL演算法配合互補性原則的規劃方式最佳,無論在何種保育目標水準之下其成本均是最低的。個案二為陽明山國家公園北部保護網絡規劃研究,比較考慮保護區以外土地使用類型對保育的貢獻與否,對物種存活率總和-保育成本間的關係的影響。結果發現在保育水準(物種存活率總和)很低時,兩者達到相同的保育水準所需的成本相差很多。比較保護所有棲地和將所有棲地作為農地兩種情況,假設農地對物種保育有所貢獻時,保護所有棲地能使物種存活率總和提高約1.1;若假設農地對物種保育沒有貢獻,則保護區棲地能使物種存活率總和提高約5.2。
    Reference: 一、英文部份
    Andelman, S.J., Fagan, W.F. 2000. Umbrellas and flagship: efficient conservation surrogates or expensive mistakes? Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences 97(11): 5954-5959.
    Ando, A., J. Camm, S. Polasky and A. Solow. 1998. Species distributions, land values, and efficient conservation. Science 279: 2126-2128.
    Bruce, A.B., Lakshminarayan, P.G., Wu, J.J., Zilberman, D. 1997. Targeting Tools for the Purchase of Environmental Amenities. Land Economics, 73(3): 325-339.
    Costello, C., Polasky, S. 2004. Dynamic reserve site selection. Resource and Energy Economics 26: 157-174.
    Costello, C., Ward, M. 2006. Search, Bioprospecting and biodiversity conservation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 52(3): 615-626.
    Eichner, T., Pethig, R. 2006. “Economic land use, ecosystem services and microfounded species dynamics”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management no.52: 707-720.
    Florian V.E., Jeroen, C.J.M., van den Bergh. 2007. Ecological theories and indicators in economic models of biodiversity loss. Ecological Economics 61:284-293
    Harestad A.S., Bunnnel, F.L. 1979. Home range and body weight, --A reevaluation. Ecology 60(2): 389-402.
    IUCN. 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories.
    IUCN. 1994. IUCN Red List Categories.
    MacArthur, R.H., Wilson, E.O. 1967. The theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press. Princeton, N.J.
    Margules, C.R., Pressey, R.L., 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405, 243–253.
    Metrick, A., Weitzman, M. L. 1998. Conflicts and choices in biodiversity preservation. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(3): 21-34.
    Myers, N. 1988. Threatened biotas:“hot spots”in tropical forests. Environmentalist 8: 187-208.
    Rabinowitz, D., Cairnes, S., and Dillon, T., 1986, Seven forms of rarity and their frequency in the flora of the British Isles. In Soule, M. E., (ed.), Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland land, Massachusetts, 584 pp.
    Polasky, S., E. Nelson, E. Lonsdorf, P. Fackler and A. Starfield. 2005. Conserving species in a working landscape: land use with biological and economic objectives. Ecological Applications 15(4): 1387-1401.
    Polasky, S., Costello, C., Solow, A. 2005. The economic of biology. In Maler, K.G. and Vincent J.R.(ed). Handbook of Environment Economics, Volume 3.
    Polasky, S., Csuti, B., Vossler, C.A., Meyers, S.M. 2001. A comparison of taxonomic distinctness versus richness as criteria for setting conservation priorities for North American birds. Biological Conservation 97 : 99- 105.
    Rodrigues, A.S.L., et al. 2004. Effectiveness of global protected area networks in representing species diversity. Nature 428: 640-643.
    Rodrigues, A.S.L., Gaston, K.J. 2002. Optimization in reserve selection procedures – why not? Biological Conservation 107: 123-129.
    Scott, J. M., Kepler, C. B., Stine, P., Little, H., and Taketa, K. 1987. Protecting endangered forest birds in Hawaii: the development of a conservation strategy. p683-696 in McCabe, R.D. (ed.), Transactions of the 52nd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C.
    Schamberger, M.L., O`Neil, L.J. 1986. Concepts and constraints of habitat-model testing. In Verner, J., Morrison, M.L., and Ralph, C.J. (ed), Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationship of Terrestrial Vertebrates. University of Wisconsin Press, Madian.
    Shogren, J.F. 1997. Economics and the Endangered Species Act. Endangered Species UPDATE 14: 4-6.
    Soule, M. E., 1985. What is conservation biology? Bioscience 35, 727-734.
    USAID, 1987, AID Manual for Project Economics Analysis. USAID Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination. Washington, D.C. 207 pp.
    Wilson, E. O. 1992. The Diversity of Life. Norton, New York.
    二、中文部份
    王麗雯,2006,生物多樣性保護區網絡規劃-以台灣河川魚類為例。
    內政部營建屬,2005,陽明山國家公園計畫(第二次通盤檢討)。
    內政部,1997,國土利用現況調查報告書。
    行政院經建會,1996,國土綜合開發計畫。
    李培芬,2003,利用遙測與GIS資訊評估中央山脈保育廊道的成效(1/3),行政院農委會科技研究計畫。
    陳凱俐、陳子英,2001,臺灣濕地保護網之建立-以鳥類岐異度為考量,中華林學季刊 33(1):1-22。
    趙榮台譯,1997,保育生物學 探討稀少性及多樣性的科學,台北,國立編譯館。
    鄭祈全、王素芬,2003,應用地理資訊系統於野生動物棲地模式之建構及棲地評估,國科會專題研究計畫。
    薛達元等譯,1997,保育世界的生物多樣性,台北,地景企業股份有限公司。
    三、網站資料
    內政部地政司全球資訊網,http://www.land.moi.gov.tw/chhtml/index.asp。
    陽明山國家公園 自然資源資料庫,http://gis.ymsnp.gov.tw/nature/sys_guest/main.cfm?CFID=14528&CFTOKEN=48002447。
    台灣野生動物資料庫查詢系統,http://twd.tesri.gov.tw/twd/。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經濟研究所
    93258011
    95
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093258011
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[經濟學系] 學位論文

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