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    Title: 影響國際合資非主導性業務管理涉入與管理機制因素之研究
    Authors: 官志亮
    Guan, Jyh-Liang
    Contributors: 于卓民
    司徒達賢
    Yu, Chwo-Ming
    Seetoo, Dah-Hsian
    官志亮
    Guan, Jyh-Liang
    Keywords: 國際合資
    非主導性業務
    合資管理
    Date: 2004
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 13:22:20 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 在科技不斷創新與市場競爭日益激烈的趨勢下，企業透過合作方式建立策略性夥伴關係，求取資源或優勢的互補與風險與利益的共享，已成為現代企業的主要趨勢與成功的要件之一。對多國公司而言，全球化是相當昂貴的過程，必須要有效地整合許多資源才可能成功，而國際合資便是企業因應未來挑戰極為有效的競爭方式之一。
    國際合資是由兩個或兩個以上母公司共同投資，所組成的一個獨立的跨國組織，具有跨文化、跨國界，以及共同管理的特質。在國際合資企業中，各母公司通常會因所提供資源與能力之差異而負責不同功能領域，母公司對自己所主導業務之管理方式較類似於一般母子公司間的管理，此過去已有諸多文獻討論；但對於由他方母公司所主導或負責業務(非主導性業務)之管理，則尚未有研究加以探討。國際合資企業的非主導性業務除經常為滿足我方母公司學習動機之所在外，我方母公司也會因受限於能力與專業，而使得該業務有較大的投機空間，因而暴露於較大的投資風險中。然而，各合資夥伴常會礙於合作氣氛的維持而不願對非主導性業務有過多的干預，因而使得合資母公司常陷於管與不管的兩難之中。因此，合資企業之非主導性業務管理的重要性便不言可喻。
    本研究以非主導性業務為分析單位，從學習與防衛投資的觀點，提出一個創新的理論性架構，探討國際合資中，影響未握有該業務主導權之母公司(我方母公司)，對該業務管理涉入必要性之情境因素，並以價值差距管理-資訊差距管理-潛在懲罰力運用模式(VIP模式)為分析架構，說明在不同情境因素下，我方母公司管理機制的選擇。其中管理涉入必要性的觀念便強調，在合資管理上，任何一方母公司不必要求有過大的業務控制權，適度的管理程度反而有助於在維護我方利益與維繫雙方合作氣氛下取得平衡，如此也才有助於雙方共同價值的創造，真正達到合資的利益。
    藉由110家國際合資企業的實證資料分析發現，「策略重要性」、「資訊封閉性」、「業務連結性」、「心繫他方母公司」是影響我方母公司管理涉入必要性的情境因素。但該業務的過去績效會對因業務的資訊封閉性、業務主管高心繫他方母公司與高附屬利益的特質，而提高的管理涉入必要性產生負向調節效果。在管理機制的選擇上，當鑲嵌於非主導性業務上的知識為我方重要學習焦點時，建立可降低雙方資訊差距的學習機制常是我方母公司所採行的主要管理作為；當非主導性業務的資訊封閉性高時，我方母公司會提高資訊差距管理機制的比重，以降低我方母公司與該業務的資訊不對稱性；而當非主導性業務與他方母公司的業務連結程度高或該業務具有較明確的回派性時，我方母公司在管理機制的選擇上，會提高運用潛在懲罰力的比重。
    本研究深入合資企業內部，探究合資企業管理的內涵，透過理論推理與實證分析，明確說明在何種情境下管理涉入必要性與管理機制之選擇，並提出鑲嵌於各非主導性業務情境下，所衍生之潛在圖利母公司行為與管理機制，有別於過去僅從雙方母公司或以單純母子公司間管理的角度，來探討國際合資企業的管理。本研究結果有助於進一步延伸過去國際合資管理理論的觸角，為複雜的跨國合資管理提供更具管理意涵的理論。
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