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    Title: 台灣各縣市地方社會福利支出對人口遷移之影響
    Authors: 康琪珮
    Contributors: 黃智聰
    康琪珮
    Keywords: 社會福利
    跨縣市人口遷移
    台灣
    固定效果模型
    social welfare
    migration
    two-way fixed effect model
    Taiwan
    Date: 2006
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 10:59:17 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本篇文章之研究目的,主要是探討台灣地區人口遷移受到各縣市的社會福利支出的影響究竟如何。本文將利用台灣23個縣市別的追蹤資料(panel data),涵蓋期間為1995年至2005年。採雙因子固定效果模型(two-way fixed-effect model)分析社會福利支出對於人口遷移,究竟存在著什麼樣的貢獻。於本研究中,將回顧現有文獻中,關於人口遷移之相關理論與實證文獻,且特別著重在以福利遷移(Welfare Migration)為研究主體之相關文獻。此外,本文也將清楚地介紹與說明,近幾年來台灣社會福利體制的發展,以及各縣市會福利支出水準與人口遷移間關係之現況。最後,為了進一步探討社會福利支出,對於男性與女性遷移者所產生之影響是否一致,本研究將建立三種實證模型。試圖更全面的探析台灣各縣市的社會福利支出,對於跨縣市的人口遷移之完整影響效果如何。本文主要的發現為,若某一地區每人可享之社會福利的程度高於鄰近的縣市,會吸引較多人口移入該地區。此外,女性移民較男性移民,受到社會福利支出之效果較為顯著。
    This study undertakes a study of cross-regional migration in Taiwan during the 1995 to 2005 period, particularly the effect of the social welfare system on migration decisions. The local places include the 23 cities and counties in Taiwan. Using data set from Taiwan-Fukien demographic fact book Republic of China and Expenditure conducted by Directorate-General of Budget. The hypothesis of this study is that movers would choose to the places with higher welfare to maximum their utilities. The empirical results from two-way fixed effect model support for the hypothesis that social welfare benefits influence migration decisions, especially for females.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    王明輝(2004),「臺灣外籍配偶結構性弱勢情境之分析」,《社區發展季刊》,107,320-334。
    王素英(1986),《台灣內部人口遷移之經濟分析》。台中市:逢甲大學經濟研究所碩士論文。
    王淑芬(2005),《社會福利服務》。台北市:保成文化出版。
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    李貞儀(2004),《原住民遷徙決策的影響因素之探究》。台北市:國立政治大學財政研究所碩士論文。
    李靜雯(1996),《地方財政差異與人口遷徙關係之研究》。台中市:逢甲大學土地管理研究所碩士論文。
    沈映春(1998),「論西斯蒙第的人口經濟思想 」,《北京航空航天大學學報(社會科學版)》(北京市),2,21-25。
    林季平(2005),「台灣的人口遷徙及勞工流動問題回顧:1980-2000」,《台灣社會學刊》,34,147-209。
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    洪嘉瑜、陶宏麟、蔡智發(2003),「影響台灣內部遷徙的經濟因素探討」,《經濟論文叢刊》,31(2),253-277。
    徐揚(2007),「評台北縣準直轄市化的謬誤」,中國時報,2007年5月2日。
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    陳琇惠(2001),「繳費制與非繳費制給付之本質、意涵及其關聯性」,《社區發展季刊》,95,96-110。
    黃台心(2005),《計量經濟學》。台北市:雙葉書廊有限公司。
    黃碧霞(2002),《社會福利經費設算制度對福利資源分配影響之研究》。嘉義縣:國立中正大學社會福利系碩士論文。
    詹火生、林慧芬(2003),「台灣社會福利過去、現在與未來」,《國家政策論壇季刊》,92(3),207-212。
    劉小蘭、劉念華(1995),「台北都會區遷入人口特性之探討」,《政治大學學報》,70,197-225。
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    二、政府出版品
    內政部統計處(1994-2005),《中華民國台閩地區人口統計》。台北市:行政院內政部戶政司。
    內政部警政署(1994-2005),《中華民國臺灣地區警政統計年報》。台北市:內政部警政署。
    行政院內政部(2006),「2015年經濟發展願景」。台北市:行政院內政部。
    行政院內政部社會司(2005),《社政年報》。台北市:行政院內政部社會司。
    行政院主計處(1994-2005),《中華民國台灣地區人力資源統計調查年報》。台北市:行政院主計處。
    行政院主計處(1994-2005),《中華民國臺灣地區家庭收支調查報告》。台北市:行政院主計處。
    教育部統計處(1994-2005),《中華民國教育統計》。台北市:行政院教育部。
    監察院審計部(1994-2005),《直轄市及縣市地方決算審核結果綜合報告》。台北市:監察院審計部。
    三、英文文獻
    Berger, M. C. and G. C. Blomquist (1992), “Mobility and Destination in Migration Decisions: The Roles of Earnings, Quality of Life, and Housing Prices.” Journal of Housing Economics, 2(1), 37-59.
    Berry, W., R. Fording and R. Hanson (2003), “Reassessing the ‘Race to the Bottom’ in State Welfare Policy.” Journal of Politics, 65, 327-349.
    Blank, Rebecca M. (1988), “The Effect of Welfare and Wage Levels on the Location Decisions of Female-Headed Households.” Journal of Urban Economics, 24, 186-211.
    Bogue, D. J. (1959), “Internal Migration.” in P. M. Hauser and O. D. Duncan (eds.), The Study of Population: An Inventory and Appraisal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 486-509.
    Borjas, J. G., (1999), “Immigration and Welfare Magnets.” Journal of Labor Economics, 1(17), 607-637.
    Breusch, T. S. and A. R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics.” Review of Economic Studies, 47, 239-254.
    Buchanan, J. M. and C. J. Goetz (1972), “Efficiency Limits of Fiscal Mobility: An Assessment of the Tiebout Model.” Journal of Public Economics, 1(1), 25-43.
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    Frey, W. H. (1988), “Migration and Metropolitan Decline in Developed Countries: A Comparative Study.” Population and Development Review, 14, 595-628。
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    Hausman, Jerry A. (1978), “Specification Tests in Econometrics.” Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271.
    Hill, C. R., William E. Griffiths, and George E. Judge (2001), Undergraduate Econometrics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, c2001.
    Lee, E. S. (1966), “A Theory of Migration.” Demography, 3(1), 45-57.
    Levine, Phillip B. and David J. Zimmerman (1999), “An Empirical Analysis of the Welfare Magnet Debate Using the NLSY.” Journal of Population Economics, 12 ,391-409.
    McKinnish, Terra (2005), “Importing the Poor: Welfare Magnetism and Cross-Border Welfare Migration.” Journal of Human Resources, 40(1), 57-76.
    Meyer, Bruce D. (1998), “Do the Poor Move to Receive Higher Welfare Benefits?” JCPR Working Papers 58, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    Ravenstein, E. G. (1889), “The Laws of Migration.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 7, 241-301.
    Samuelson, P. A. (1954), “The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure.” Review of Economics and Statistic, 36, 387-389.
    Sjaastad, L. A. (1962), “The Cost and Returns of Human Migration.” Journal of Political Economy, 70, 80-93.
    Tiebout, C. M. (1956), “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.” Journal of Political Economy, 2, 416-424.
    Titmuss, R. M. (1958), Essays on the Welfare State. London: Allen & Unwin.
    White, Halbert (1980), “A Heterokedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.” Econometrica, 48(4), 817-838.
    Zipf, G. K. (1949), Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort. Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    財政研究所
    94255014
    95
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094255014
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[財政學系] 學位論文

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