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    题名: 社會規範與最適移轉之研究
    作者: 陳怡君
    贡献者: 吳家恩
    陳怡君
    关键词: 社會規範
    最適移轉
    勞動供給
    道德危機
    日期: 2005
    上传时间: 2009-09-18 10:57:16 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本文探討社會規範影響個人的勞動供給以及政府的最適移轉決策。利用效用函數分析個人勞動供給決策而得到以下的結果，在考慮社會規範的情況下，政府移轉造成個人勞動供給減少的幅度較小，所以社會規範具有提升個人勞動供給的誘因。除此之外，給付金額或所得稅稅率的增加，會降低個人的勞動供給。
    為了兼顧移轉計畫的公平與效率目標，本文將個人的勞動供給決策放入社會福利函數加以考量，利用極大化社會福利函數以決定政府的最適移轉與所得稅稅率。結果發現，社會規範的強度增強，造成領取給付的人數比例下降，所以在政府移轉支出固定下，每位領取給付者的最適移轉金額提高。另外，考慮工作者有利他動機與道德危機的影響，發現工作者有利他動機時，個人的勞動供給會增加；道德危機增加時，個人的勞動供給隨之減少。政府則可以透過教育改變個人的行為，加以提升社會規範的強度，進而影響個人的勞動供給決策。
    參考文獻: Akerlof, G. (1980), “A Theory of Social Custom, of Which Unemployment May be One Consequence,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 94, 749-775.
    Besley, T. (1990), “Means Testing versus Universal Provision in Poverty Alleviation Programmes,” Economica, New Series, 57, 119-129.
    Besley, T., and S. Coate (1992), “Understanding welfare stigma: Taxpayer resentment and statistical discrimination,” Journal of Public Economics, 48, 165-183.
    Bishop, J. (1982), “Discussion: Modeling the Decision to Apply for Welfare,” in Income-tested Transfer Programs: The Case For and Against, Garfinkel, New York.
    Blundell, R., V. Fry, and I. Walker (1988), “Modelling the Take-up of Means-tested Benefit: The Case of Housing Benefits in the United Kingdom,” The Economic Journal, 98, 58-74.
    Cole, H., G. Mailath, and A. Postlewaite (1998), “Class systems and the enforcement of social norms,” Journal of Public Economics, 70, 5-35.
    Dufwenberg, M., and M. Lundholm (2001), “Social Norms and Moral Hazard,” The Economic Journal, 111, 506-525.
    Elster, J. (1989), “Social Norms and Economic Theory,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 99-117.
    Kreps, D. (1997), “Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Incentives,” The American Economic Review, 87, 359-364.
    Lindbeck, A. (1995), “Hazardous Welfare-State Dynamics,” The American Economic Review, 85, 9-15.
    Lindbeck, A. (1997), “Incentives and Social Norms in Household Behavior,” The American Economic Review, 87, 370-377.
    Lindbeck, A., S. Nyberg, and J. W. Weibull (1999), “Social Norms and Economic Incentives in the Welfare State,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, 1-35.
    Lindbeck, A., S. Nyberg, and J. W. Weibull (2002), “Social Norms and Welfare State Dynamics,” IUI Working Paper, No. 585.
    Lindbeck, A., and M. Persson (2006), “A Model of Income Insurance and Social Norms,” IUI Working Paper, No. 659.
    Moffitt, R. (1983), “An Economic Model of Welfare Stigma,” The American Economic Review, 73, 1023-1035.
    Nee, V. (1998), “Norms and Networks in Economic and Organizational Performance,”The American Economic Review, 88, 85-89.
    Posner, R. (1997), “Social Norms and the Law: An Economic Approach,” The American Economic Review, 87, 365-369.
    Posner, R., and E. Rasmusen (1999), “Creating and Enforcing Norms, with Special Reference to Sanction,” International Review of Law and Economics, 19, 369-382.
    Rainwater, L. (1982), “Stigma in income-tested programs,” in Income-tested Transfer Programs: The Case For and Against, Garfinkel, New York.
    Sadka, E., I. Garfinkel, and K. Moreland (1982), “Income Testing and Social Welfare:An Optimal Tax-Transfer Model,” in Income-tested Transfer Programs: The Case For and Against, Garfinkel, New York.
    Spicker, P. (1984), Stigma and Social Welfare, New York.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    財政研究所
    93255007
    94
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093255007
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[財政學系] 學位論文

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