政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/34592
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113303/144284 (79%)
Visitors : 50840655      Online Users : 820
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
    •  Adv. Search
    Home ‧ Login ‧ Upload ‧ Help ‧ About ‧ Administer Goto mobile version


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34592


    Title: 巴西的民族同化政策
    Politica Etnica Assimilacionista do Brasil
    Authors: 守般若
    Contributors: 林修澈
    守般若
    Keywords: 印第安人
    非洲系人
    民族同化政策
    混種
    白化政策
    保護區政策
    多元化
    Indios
    Afros
    Política Étnica Assimilacionista
    Miscigenação
    Política de Branqueamento
    Política Protecionista
    multiculturalismo
    Date: 2005
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 10:40:48 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本論文探討500年來巴西政府對印第安人以及對非洲系人的民族同化政策。首先，殖民政府以利用印第安人勞力為目的，試圖使印第安人融入主體社會中，但最後印第安人受到保護區的隔離；其次，為了解決非洲系人的差異問題，且受到社會達爾文主義的影響，巴西在1890年開始採取以混種為目標的白化政策，卻在1970年代受到國內外輿論的壓力而被迫放棄白化政策。

    本論文運用各種歷史文獻來探討巴西印第安人和巴西非洲人的民族同化過
    程，分析政府在不同時期的同化政策有什麼轉變，並且解釋民族同化政策的結果為什麼走向失敗，最後演變為多元化的局面。

    為了呈現巴西民族同化政策的全貌，將政策區分為三個階段來分析。第一階段，從殖民開始到巴西獨立為止（1500～1822），是政府對印第安人納為臣民的奠基期；第二階段，從巴西帝國時期到巴西成立共和國前夕（1823～1889），是印第安人受到監護對待的時期；第三階段，自建立共和國並採取白化政策起，到放棄白化政策為止（1890～1970），是非洲系人受到強制同化的時期。

    本研究發現，16世紀以來政府對印第安人的同化政策，以及1890年以後政府對非洲系人的同化政策，都趨向失敗，歸納有以下三個因素：（1）非洲系人與歐洲系人的人口數量有懸殊差異；（2）印第安人及非洲系人兩者，並未與做為主體民族的歐洲系人混居，且印第安人在20世紀因政府實施保留地政策而免於被同化；（3）相較於南美其他國家，巴西政府對非洲系人的民族同化政策起步緩慢。這些因素進而促使巴西走向多元化。
    Reference: 中文
    一 專書
    Fontette, François de（著），王若璧（譯）
    1990《種族歧視》台北：遠流出版公司。
    Mcevedy, Colin and Richard Johns
    1985《世界人口歷史圖集》England：Penguin Books。
    Shillington, Kelvin（著），蔡百銓（譯）
    1995《非洲通史》台北：國立編譯館。
    王雲五（總編輯）
    1971《雲五社會科學大辭典—歷史學》台北：台灣商務印書館。
    吳主惠
    1958《民族社會學》東京：東洋大學出版部。
    邢鑑生
    1969《移民巴西研究》台北：實踐出版社。
    郝名瑋、徐世澄、汝信（主編）
    1999《拉丁美洲文明》北京：中國社會科學出版社。
    郝時遠、趙錦元（主編）
    1995《世界民族與文化—美洲大洋洲篇》北京：中央民族大學出版社。
    張家哲
    1999《精粹世界史—拉丁美洲：從印第安文明到現代化》北京：中國青年出版社。
    戴佩麗（編）
    1993《世界民族概論》北京：中央民族學院出版社。
    簡漢生
    1991《巴西華僑概況》台北：正中書局。
    二 論文
    杜慶海
    1975《巴西華僑社會之研究》台北：中國文化大學民族與華僑研究所（碩士論文）。
    英文
    一 專書
    Bakewell, Peter.
    1997 A History of Latin America：c. 1450 to the Presen t.USA: Blackwell Publishing.
    Baroni, David
    2000 The Abolition of Slavery in Brazil：The “Liberaton” of Africans Through the Emancipation of Capital. London：Greenwood Press.
    Black, Jan Knippers
    1984 Latin America, Its Problems And Its Promise - A Multidisciplinary Introduction. London: Westview Press.
    Bethell, Leslie
    1989 Brazil - Empire and Republic 1822-1930.New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Blanchard, Peter
    1949 Slavery and Abolition in Early Republican Peru. Wilmington, Delaware.
    Borah, Woodrow
    1994 Race and Class in Mexico in Dominguez, Jorge I. Race and Ethnicity in Latin America. New York: Garland Pub.
    Borrie, W. D.
    1959 The Cultural Integration of Immigrants : a survey based upon the papers and proceedings of the Unesco Conference held in Havanna, April 1956. Paris: UNESCO.
    Boxer, C.R.
    1969 The Golden Age of Brazil--1695～1750. USA: Univer sity of California Press.
    Bowser, Frederick P.
    1974 The African slave in Colonial Peru, 1524-1650. Stanford, Calif, Stanford University Press.
    Burkholder, Mark A. and Lyman L. Johnson
    1990 Colonial Latin America. New York: Oxford Univer sity Press.
    Burns, E. Bradford
    1980 A History of Brazil. New York: Columbia University Press.
    Burns, Edward Mcnall, Philip Lee Rallph, Robert E. Lerner, Standish Meacham
    1986 World Civilizations- Their History and Their Cul ture. New York. London W.W. Norton & Company.
    Cadena, Marisol de la
    2000 Indigenous Mestizos: the politics of race and cul ture in Cuzco, Peru, 1919-1991. Durham: Duke University Pre ss.
    Carvalho, Jose Jorge de
    1999 The Multiplicity of Black Identities in Brazilian Popular Music - in Crook, Larry and Randal Johnson. Black Brazil: Culture, Identity and Social Mobilization. Los An geles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications University of California.
    Calogeras João Pandiá
    1959 A History of Brazil. Translated by Percy Alvez Martin. USA: The University Carolina Press, 1959 Conrad, Robert Edgar
    1972 The Destruction of Brazilian Slavery 1850-1888. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
    Crook, Larry and Randal Johnson
    1999 Black Brazil: Culture, identity, and social mobile zation. USA: University of California.
    Davis, Darien J.
    1995 Slavery and Beyond：The African Impact on Latin America and the Caribbean. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.
    2000 Afro-Brazilans: Time For Recognition. Translated by Felipe Lindoso, Sao Paulo: Selo Negro, 2000.
    Davis, Harold Eugene
    1972 Latin American Thought－A Historical Introduction. USA：Louisiana State University Press, p.105.
    Davis, Shelton H.
    1978 Victims of the Miracle. Translated by Jorge Alexandre Faure Pontual Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores.
    Degler, Carl N.
    1971 Neither Black nor white : slavery and race relati ons in Brazil and the United States. New York: Macmillan.
    Diggs, Ellen Irene, 1906
    1983 Black Chronology: from 4000 B.C. to the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Boston, Mass: G.K. Hall.
    Dominguez, Jorge I.
    1994 Race and ethnicity in Latin America. New York: Gar land Pub.
    Edward Mcnall Burns, Philip Lee Rallph, Robert E. Lerner, Standish Meacham
    1986 World Civilizations－Their History and Their Culture. New York. London W. W. Norton &Company.
    Eltis, David and James Walvin
    1981 The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade - Ori gins and Effects in Europe, Africa and Americas. London: The University of Wiscon sin Press.
    Fausto, Boris
    1999 A Concise History of Brazil. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
    Forbes, Jack D.
    1988 Blacks Africans and Native Americans-Color, Race and Caste in the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples. Oxford: Ba sil Blackwell.
    Grahan, Richard
    1999 The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870～1940. Aus tin: University of Texas.
    Gratus, Jack
    1973 The Great White Lie : Slavery, Emancipation, and Changing Racial Attitudes. New York: Monthly Review Press.
    Gruzinski, Serg.
    1993 Colonisation de l`imaginaire. The Conquest of Mexico : the in corporation of Indian societies into the Western world, 16th～18th centuries. Translated by Eileen Corrigan Cambridge, UK: Polity Press; Oxford, UK; Cambridge, MA, USA: distributed by Black well Publishers.
    Guibernau, Monteserrat and John Rex
    1997 The Ethnicity reader: Nationalism, Multicultura lism, and Migration. Cambridge, U.K. : Polity Press; Malden, Mass. : Blackwell Publishers.
    Harris, Joseph E
    1971 The African Presence in Asia. Evaston: Northwestern University Press.
    Hillman, Richard S.
    1997 Understanding Contemporary Latin America. USA: Ly nne Rienner Publishers.
    Himelblau, Jack J
    1994 The Indian in Spanish America : Centuries of Remo val, Survival, and Integration : a Critical Anthology. Calif: Labyrinthos, pp.22/437.
    Klein, Herbert S.
    1986 African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986 Knight, Alan.
    2002 Mexico: The Colonial Era. Cambridge, UK; New York, N.Y.; USA: Cambridge University Press.
    Kubler, George
    1952 The Indian Caste of Peru, 1795～1940 - A Populati on Study Based Upon Tax Records And Census Reports. Washington: USA Government Printing Office.
    Lesser, Jeffrey
    1999 Negotiating National Identity. Immigrants, Minorities, and Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil. Translation: Patricia de Queiroz Carvalho Zimbre. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
    McAlister, Lyle N.
    1984 Spain and Portugal in the New World: 1492～1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press.
    Marger, Martin N.
    1985 Race and Ethnic Relations - American and Global Perspectives. California: Belmont.
    Marx, Anthony W.
    1998 Making Race and Nation : a comparison of South Africa, the United States, and Brazil. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Merrick, Thomas William
    1979 Population and Economic Development in Brazil, 1800 to the Present. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
    Ng, Bickleen Fong
    1959 The Chinese in New Zealand-A Study in Assimilation. Hong Kong University Press, Oxford University Press.
    Palmer, Colin A.
    1981 Human Cargoes: The British Slave Trade to Spanish America, 1700～1739. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
    Park, Robert E.
    1921 Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Chicago: The Univ. of Chicago Press.
    Parry, J. H.
    1961 The Establishment of the European Hegemony 1415～ 1715: Trade and Exploration in the Age of the Renaissance. New York: Harper & Row, p.177.
    Pike, Frederick B.
    1967 The Modern History of Peru. N.Y.: Frederick A. Praeger.
    Poppino, Rollie E.
    1968 Brazil: the land and people. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Postma, Johannes Mennes
    1990 The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade 1600～1815. N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
    Rex, John.
    1996 Ethnic Minorities in the Modern Nonstate : working papers in the theory of multiculturalism and political inte egration. Basingstoke, Hampshire (England): by MacMillan Pr ess; New York: St. Martin`s Press.
    Rippy, J. Fred.
    1968 Latin America- A Modern History .N.Y.: The University of Michigan Press.
    Shapiro, Harry Lionel (1902)
    1953 Race mixture. Paris: UNESCO.
    Skidmore, Thomas E.
    1999 Brazil: five centuries of change. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Skidmore, Thomas E.
    1974 Black into White：Race and Nationality in Brazi lian Thought. Translated by Raul de Sá Barbosa.Rio de Janeiro: Paze Terra.
    Skidmore, Thomas E. and Peter H. Smith
    1992 Modern Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Spitzer, Leo.
    1989 Lives in Between :Assimilation and Marginality in Austria, Brazil, West Africa, 1780～1945. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Schneider, Ronald M.
    1996 Brazil: Culture and Politic in a New Industrial Powerhouse. USA: West view Press.
    Smith, T. Lynn.
    1946 Brazil: People and Institutions. Louisiana State University Press.
    Stein, Stanley J. and Barbara H. Stein
    1970 The Colonial Heritage of Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Toplin, Robert Brent
    1974 Slavery and Race Relation in Latin America. London: Green wood Press.
    Treece, Dave
    2000 Exiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazil`s Indianist Move ment, Indigenist Politics and the Imperial Nation-State. Westport: Greenwood Press.
    Wade, Peter
    1997 Race and ethnicity in Latin America. London: Chica go, Ill.: Pluto Press.
    Wilbert, Johannes
    1994 Encyclopedia of World Cultures Volume VII South America. Boston: Massachusetts.
    Wilgus, Curtis and Raul d’Eça
    1963 Latin American History. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc.
    Williamson, Robert C.
    1997 Latin American Societies in Transition. London: Westport, Connecticut.
    Willet, Cynthia
    1998 Theorizing Multiculturalism: A Guide to the Current Debate. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
    二 網路資料
    ____. “Common Features of Colonialism” http://www.tibet.com/Humanrights/Unpo/chap5.html（Download in 2005.03.06）
    ____“Modalidad: Humanidadesy Cs. Sociales.” http://pdf.rincondelvago.com/misiones-jesuiticas.html（Download in 2005.02.22）
    ____. “The Triumph of Neo Colonialism.” http://www.Smithsonianeducation.org/migrations /legacy /almleg.html（Download in 2005.01.18）
    ____.”The Population of African Descent in Latin America.” http://darkwing.uoregon.Edu /~caguirre/210_16.html（Download in 2005.02.18）
    Barickman, B.J. “Tame Indians, "wild heathens," and settlers in southern Bahia in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.” http://www.galindo.demon.nl/ethnos3/barickman.html（Download in 2005.03.06）
    David Cleary. Race, “Nationalism and Social Theory in Brazil: rethinking Gilber to Freyre.” http://www.Transcomm.ox.ac.uk/working20papers/cleary.pdf/p.6（Download in 2005.03.09）
    Fülöpp, Tomáš J. “Latin America and the Concept of Social Race.” http://www.vacilando. net/writing/index.phpgolacsr（Download in 2005.02.20）
    Simms, Ellen. “Miscegenagtion and Racism: The Afro-Mexican in Colonial Mexico” http://www.theblacklist.net/ Afro-Mexicans.htm（Download in 2005.02.04）
    Palmer, Colin A. “A Legacy of Slavery－Africa`s Legacy in Mexico.” http://www.smithso nianeducation.org/migrations/legacy/almleg.html（Download in 2005.01.18）
    Cruz, Shamil. “African Americans in the Caribbean and Latin America.” http://www.saxakali. Com/carib bean/shamil.htm（Download in 2004.08.26）
    Triner, Gail D. “Race, With or Without Color? Reconciling Brazilian Historiography.” http://www.tau.ac.il/eial/X_1/triner.html（Download in 2006.02.15）
    Wilhelm, Michael. “Slavery in the 16th Century” http://honors.org/AHR/AHR04/wilhelm.html（Download in 2005.03.06）
    三 電子文獻
    ____.Brazil • South Africa • The United States－Beyond Racism: Embracing an In terdependent Future. http://www.beyondracism.org/Three20Nations/Three Nation s1-32.pdf（Download in 2005.02.17）
    ____.The history of Anti-Slavery International http://www.antislavery.org/homepagean tislavery/history.pdf（Download in 2005.02.12）
    ____. Resistance: African Resistance to Slavery. http://learnet.palmbeach.k12.fl.us/Afri can American/document s/Unit2.pdf（Download in 2005.01.25）
    Cleary, David. Race, Nationalism and Social Theory in Brazil: rethinking Gilber to Freyre. http://www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk/working20papers/cleary.pdf（Download in 2006.02.15）
    Collier, Simon and William F. Sater. A History of Chile, 1808-2002. http://assets.cambrid ge.org/ 0521 53/4844/ex cerpt/0521534844_ excerpt.pdf（Download in 2005.02.20）
    Correa, Karla. Slavery: Was it beneficial to the economy of Latin America? http://www. columbia.edu/~a d245/ Correak.pdf（Download in 2005.01.25）
    Cyntha M.A.R: Michel Agier. Racism Culture and Black Identity in Brazil , Bulletin of Latin American Research : 14 , September 1995. http://coursenligne.sciences-po.fr（Download in 2003.11.13）
    Gudmundson, Lowell. Slavery and Aboliton. A Journal of Comparative Studies Vol. 5: No. 1－May 1984 _____Black into White in Nineteenth Century Spanish America: Afro-American Assimilation in Argentina and Costa Rica. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/latam/Slavery -Aboliton.html（Download in 2005.02.12）
    Hakomagazine. http://www.hakomagazine.net/summary/hako21.pdf,p.52（Download in 2004.03.29）
    Heckscher, Zahara .Long Before Seattle: Historical Antecedents to the Current Global Justice Movement an d Lessons for Increasing Movement Effectiveness－Trans national Resistance to Economic Globalization. http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/ad vocacy/protest/general/2003/0625history.pdf（Download in 2005.02.03）
    Kellog, Susan. Depicting Mestizaje: Gendered Images of Ethnorace in Colonial Mexican Texts. http://www.majbill.vt.edu/history/arnold/GradFall04/W4.3Kellogg.pdf（Download in 2004.05.05）
    Lipski, John M. Afro-Asian and Afro-indigenous Linguistic Contacts in Spanish America. http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/m/jml34/afroasia.pdf（Download in 2005.01.26）
    Richmond, Douglas.The Legacy of African Slavery in Colonial Mexico, 1519～1810－http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2001.00001.x/pdf（Download in 2005.01.20）
    Schwartz, Stuart B. Blacks and Indians: Common Cause and Confrontation in Colonial Brazil. http://www.Yale.edu/glc/maroon/schwartz.pdf（Download in 2005.02.20）
    Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz. Not Black, not White: just the opposite. Culture, Race and National Identity in Brazil. http://www.brazil.ox.ac.uk/workingpa pers/Schwarcz47.pd f/pp.11-12
    Taylor, Quintard. The African American Experience: A History of Black Americans from 1619 to 1890. http://www.people.memphis.edu/~ggholson/unitus/tut/AFRO-1.PDF（Download in 2005.02.08）
    四 工具書
    Bolaffi, Guido, Raffaele Bracalenti, Peter Brahm and Sandro Gindo
    2003 Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture. London: Sage Publications.
    巴西葡文
    一 專書
    Carneiro J. Fernado
    1950 Imigração e Colonização no Brasil. serie resumos:Rio de Janei ro, Brasil.
    Castro, fernando Moreira de
    1979 50 Anos da Imigração Japonesa na Amazônia. Para- Belém.
    Cunha, Manuela Carneiro da
    1985 Negros Estrangeiros－Os Escravos Libertos e Sua Volta a Africa.Sao Paulo: E ditora Brasiliense.
    D’Adesky, Jacques
    2001 Pluralismo Etnico e Multiculturalismos-Racismo e Anti-Racis mo no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Pallas.
    Del Roio, Jose Luiz
    1990 Trabalhadores no Brasil－Imigração e industrialização. Translated by Ivan Esperança Rocha. São Paulo: Icone.
    Freitas, Sonia Maria de and O. Antonio Rodrigues
    2000 A Imigração Espanhola no Estado de São Paulo-serie resumos. São Paulo: Memorial do Imigrante.
    Goulart, José Alpinio
    1967 O Mascate no Brasil.Rio de Janeiro: Conquista.
    Grupioni, Luis Donizete Benzi
    1998 Indios no Brasil.São Paulo: Editora Global.
    Hajar, Claude Fahd
    1985 Imigração Arabe 100 Anos de Reflexão. São Paulo: ícone Edito ra.
    Ianni, Octavio
    1972 Raças e Classes Sociais no Brasil . Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Civilização Brasileira.
    Izumi Seichi
    1973 A Estrutura psicologica da Colonia Japonesa no Brasil, in Estudos Brasileiros- Assimilação e Integração dos Japoneses no Brasil.
    Kawai Taeko
    1980 Italianos e Sirios Libaneses: uma visão comparativa com os ja poneses, in Saito Hiroshi. A Presença Japonesa no Brasil. São Paulo: EDUS P.
    Koyam Tsuguo
    1980 Japoneses na Amazonia:alguns aspectos do processo de inte gração socio-cultural in Saito Hiroshi. A Presença Japonesa No Brasil. São Pa ulo: EDUSP, p.14.
    Lambert, Jacques
    1973 Os dois Brasis. São Paulo: companhia editora nacio nal.
    Laytano, Dante de
    1980 Japoneses no sul: Rio Grande e Santa Catarina in Saito Hiro shi. A Presença do Japonês no Brasil. São Paulo: EDUSP, p.53.
    Leite, José Roberto Teixeira
    1999 A China no Brasil-Influencias, Marcas, Ecos e Sobre vivencias Chinesas na So ciedade e Nas Artes Brasileiras. São Paulo: Edi tora da UNICAMP, p.111.
    Maia, Mario Sinibaldi
    1954 Movimento da Populaçã－Imigração e Emigração. R de.Ja neiro.: SGIBGE, p.06.
    Maeyama Takashi
    1973 Religião, Parentesco e as Classes Medias dos Japoneses no Brasil Urbano, in Estudos Brasileiros- Assimilação e integração dos Japoneses no Brasil.
    Mellatti, Julio Cesar
    1989 Indios do Brasil. São Paulo: Editora Hucitec.
    Montserrat, Ruth Maria Fonini
    1998 Línguas Indígenas no Brazil Contemporâneo in Indi os no Brasil. São Paulo: Global Editora.
    Nogueira, Arlinda Rocha
    1973 Considerações Gerais Sobre A Imigração Japonesa Pa ra O Estado de São Paulo Entre 1908 e 1922. São Paulo: Edi tora Vozes.
    Paiva, Odair da Cruz
    2001 Breve História da Hospedaria de Imigrantes e da I migra ção em São Paulo. São Pau lo: Memorial do Imigrante.
    Prezia, Benedito, Eduardo Hoornaert
    2000 Essa Terra Tinha Dono. São Paulo: Editora FTD S.A.
    Ribeiro, Darcy
    1970 Os índios e a Civilizção. São Paulo: Editora Vozes.
    Rodrigues, Raimundo Nina
    1935 Os Africanos no Brasil. São Paulo: Companhia Edito ra Nacio nal.
    Saito Hiroshi
    1973 Mobilidade e Assimilação dos Japoneses, in Estudos Brasileiros – As similação e Integração dos Japoneses no Brasil.
    Saito Hiroshi and Maeyama Takashi
    1980 Estudos Brasileiros: Assimilação e Integração dos Japoneses no Brazil （Petropolis: Editora Vozes; São Paulo: Universidade de Sã o Paulo,19 73）,p.33 in Saito Hiroshi. A presença Japonesa no Brasil. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
    Schaden, Egon
    1980 Alemães e Japoneses: uma visão comparativa in Saito Hiroshi. A Presença Japonesa no Brasil. São Paulo: EDUSP.
    Shindo, Tsugyo
    Brasil e Japão.Translation Julia Hosoya Sasaki and Olivia Ozaki Makibara,São Paulo: Associa ção Cultural Recreativa do Brasil.
    Silva, Antonio Carlos Arruda da
    1996 Questões Legais e Racismo na História do Brasil in Munanga, Kabengele. Estratégias e Políticas de Combate a Discriminação Racial. Sã o Paulo: Edusp, pp. 122～127. Antonio C. A.Silva.
    Viotti, Emilia
    1997 Da Senzala a Colonia. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
    二 期刊
    ______.
    1942 “Revista de Imigração e Colonização”, Ano III, no.1 April.
    ______.
    1969 “O japones em São Paulo e no Brasil”, Relatorio da Sociedade Latino Ame ricana, Tokyo, Japan.
    ______.
    1990 “Centro de Estudos Nipo Brasileiros”, São Paulo, October.
    ______.
    1990 “Pesquisa da População de Descendente de Japoneses Residentes no Brasil－1987-1888”. São Paulo: Centro de Estudos Nipo-Brasileiros, October.
    Elias, Maria Jose
    1970 “Introdução ao Estudo da Imigração Chinesa”, in Anais do Museu Paulista－Tomo XXIV, São Paulo.
    International Migration Review－Conrad, Robert
    1975 “The Planter Class and the Debate Over Chinese Immigration to Brasil, 1850～1893”, Volume IX, no. 1, Spring.
    Paula, Euripedes Simões de
    1967 “Anais do I Coloquio Brasil-Japão”（26～27 de Julho）
    Yang, Alexander（楊宗元）
    1989 “Os Imigrantes Chineses no Brasil”, Leitura, São Paulo, Setember 08.
    三 論文
    Munanga, Kabengele
    1997 Rediscutindo a Mestiçagem no Brasil—Identidade Nacional Versus Identida de Negra. São Paulo: São Paulo University.
    四 報告書
    CIMI (Indian missionary council－N.G.O)
    2003
    Socio Ambiental (socio-ambient－N.G.O)

    五 網路資料
    ____.A Politica "Indigenista”. http://xavantes.com.sapo.pt/x2.htm（Download in 2005.03.07）
    ____.A Chegada do Homem na América. http://samjack.virtualave.net/ trab/homemamerica.htm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Arapaso－Especializações e TrocasIntercomunitárias. http://www.socioambiental.org /pib/epi/nwam/nwam.shtm（Download in 2006.01.13）
    _____.Catequese. http://www.bangue.com.br/n11b.htm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Chiquitano. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/chiquitano/chiquitano.shtm（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____.Encarta Africana. http://www.africana.com/research/encarta/tt_1034.asp（Download in 2004.09.28）
    ____Estatisticas Gerais: Imigrantes e Descententes. http://www.memorialdoimigrante.Sp.gov.br/estatest/Estati 07.html（Download in 2004.07.17）
    ____.Guaja. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/guaja /situation.shtm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Guajajar. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/guajajar/sitcomt.shtm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Indios do Brasil. http://paginas.terra.com.br/arte/mundoantigo/indios（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____.Kraho. http:// www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/kraho/aspectos.shtm
    ____.Kwaza. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/kwaza/catual2.shtm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Manoki. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/manoki/econ.shtm（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____.Movimento Indígena. http://www.cimi.org.br/movimento.htm（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____.Os indígenas-Habitantes primitivos do Brasil. http://www.filomenamatarazzo.com. br/indios_orige m.htm
    ____.Origens dos Amerindios. http://www.geocities.com/igorfb/indios/11.htm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Pantanal Povos Indígenas. http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/1820/indios.htm（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____.Paumari. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/paumari/ativ.shtm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Povos Indigenas. http://www.geocities.com/indiosbrasil/povos_indigenas.htm.
    ____.Poloneses no Brasil. http://www.polonia.org.br/expo/conteudo2.htm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Satere. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/satere/subsist.shtm（Download in 2003）
    ____.SociedadeIndigena. http://www.presidencia.gov.br/publi_04/Colecao/Indiop.htm（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____Surui. http://www.socioambien tal.org/website/pib/epi/surui/aspe ctos.shtm（Download in 2003）
    ____Suya. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/suya/loc.shtm（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____.Tapeba. http://ww w.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/tapeba/situa.shtm（Download in 2003）
    ____.Tenharim. http://www.socioambiental.org/website/pib/epi/tenharim/atual.shtm.（Download in 2006.01.13）
    ____.Encarta Africana. http://www.africana.com/research/encarta/tt_1034.asp（Download in 2004.09.28）
    ____.Historia. http://www.pablodesant.hpg.ig.com.br/universidades/histF3ria20conteudo.ht m#1（Download in 2004.03.25）
    ____.História da população brasileira. http://geocities.yahoo.com.br/ vinicrashbr/historia/brasil/historiadapopulaçãobrasileira. htm（Download in 2005.03.03）
    ____.O Negro na America. http://www.ccerqueira.hpg.ig.com.br/Populacao_Negra.htm（Download in 2005.03.06）
    ____.Os Índios e a Alfabetizacao－aspectos da educação escolar entre os Guaranide Ribeirão Silveira. http://www.fflch.usp.br/dlcv/lport/WFNetto06_EducInd06.pdf（Download in 2005.03.08）
    Bittencourt, Libertad Borges. O Movimento Indígena Organizado na América Lati na –A luta para superar a exclusão. http://www.anphlac.hpg.ig.com.br/ ensaio b1 5.htm（Download in 2003）
    Borges, Luiz C., A Lingua Geral e a Companhia de Jesus (Politca e Milenaris mo). http://ww w.fflch.usp.br/dl/Anpoll2/borgesnetoartigo_htm.htm（Download in 2005.03.06）
    Guimarães, Antonio Sérgio Alfredo. Manoel Querino e a Formação do “Pensa mento Negro” no Brasil, entre 1890 e 1920. http://www.fflch.usp.br/sociologia/pdf（Download in 2006.02.15）
    Iraburu, José María.
    Evangelización del Brasil. http://members.tripod.com/~hispanidad/he chos29.htm（Download in 2004.03.30）
    Lemos, Maria Alzira Brum. O Conceito de Raca no Brasil. http://www.triplov.com/alzira/ra cism/racism4.html（Download in 2005.03.09）
    Silva, Severino Vicente da. Uma Introdução a Questão dos Direitos das Popula ções Indίgena－Resenha. http://www.biblio.ufpe.br/libvirt/revistas/ethnos/severino.htm（Download in 2004.05）
    六 電子文獻
    ____. Breve Recuento Historico Sobre las Legislaciones y los Indios. http://www.cdi.gob.mx/conadepi/iii/cletus/capitulo_3.pdf（Download in 2004.05.06）
    ____. O Lugar do Índio: Imagens no Seculo XIX. http://www.biblio.ufpe.br/libvirt/teses/historia/ ehs95-doc/ca p1.doc（Download in 2005.02.22）
    Edusp: Seyferth, Giralda. Colonizacao, Imigracao e A Questao Racial no Brasil. http://www.usp.br/revista usp/n53/fgiraldatexto.html（Download in 2006.02.08）
    López, Laura. Etnicidade e Cidadania. O Caso dos Negros em Buenos Aires. http://www.antropologia.com.br/arti/colab/vram2003/a13-llopez.pdf（Download in 2005.02.03）
    西班牙文
    一 專書
    Vazques, German and Nelson Martinez Diaz
    1990 Historia de America Latina. Madrid: Ediproy ectos.
    二 論文
    Garcia, Iliana Paris
    2002 IdeologÌa y Proceso de Blanqueamiento Una Aproximación Construccionista a su Posible Influencia en la Identidad y la Auto imagen de Tres Mujeres Negras Venezolanas. Departamento de Publicaciones Universidad Central de Venezuela Cuidad Univeresitaria. Caracas Venezuela: Fondo Editorial de Humanidades y Educación.
    三 網路資料
    ____.El Dominio Europeo Del Mundo: Colonialismo e Imperialismo. http://html.rincon delvago.com/domi nio-europeo-del-mundo_
    colonialismo-e-imperialis mo.html（Download in 2005.03.05）
    ____.El Concepto de Raza Social en la America Hispana-paper. http://histogeo.ula gos.cl/apuntes/7.raza_so cial.doc（Download in 2003.11.29）
    ____.Evangelización del Brasil. http://members.tripod.com/~hispanidad/ hechos29.htm（Download in 2005.03.08）
    ____.El Primer Descubrimento De América. http://www.iagusp.usp.br/~jorge/saa/prime rarq.html（Download in 2003.06.08）
    ____.La poblacion negra en México. http://www.humanities-interactive.org/ newworld/afri ca/la_poblacion_ negra _en_mexi co.htm（Download in 2005.03.08）
    ____.Lucas Fernandez Precursor del Socialismo en el Río de la Plata. http://www.gale on.com/elortiba/losne gros.html（Download in 2005.03.06）
    ____.Miramar Prehistorica - Un Testimonio del Pasado Bonaerense. http://ar.geocitie s.com/miramarpre historica/divulga16.htm（Download in 2003.06.05）
    ____.¿Se originó el Hombre en América? http://webs.sinectis.com.ar/mcagliani/orige nam. htm（Download in 2003）
    ____.America Latina Siglo19
    http://html.rincondelvago.com/america-latina-en-el-siglo-xix. html（Download in 2005.03.06）
    Gomes, Miriam Victoria.
    La Presencia Negroafricana en la Argentina Pasado y Permanencia. http://www.bcnbib. gov.ar/bibliopress/bibliopress9-2.htm（Download in 2005.03.06）
    四 電子文獻
    ____. Discriminación étnico-racial y xenofobia en América Latina y el Caribe. http://www.eclac.cl/ publicacio nes/DesarrolloSocial/6/LCL1546PE/lcl1546e_.pdf（Download in 2005.03.05）
    ____. El Derecho de los Pueblos Indígenas a la Tierra y al Territorio en Amé rica Latina: Antecedentes _____Históricos y Tendencias Actuales. http://www.oas.org/（Download in 2003.11.29）
    ____. Las Grandes Epidemias en la America Colonial. http://www.uco.es/organiza/ servicios/publica/az/articu los/2001/192/pdf/09cordero.pdf（Download in 2004.12.30）
    ____. Negros en Argentina : integración e identidad. http://www.univ-brest.fr/amnis/documents/ Yao2002.pdf（Download in 2005.02.03）
    ____. Presentacion Ante el Comite Para la Eliminacion de la Discriminacion Racial. http://www.cels.org.ar /site_cels/documentos/falternativos/alternativos_pdf/ 5.f. 4. pdf（Download in 2005.02.03）
    ____. Ubicacion y Situacion Legal de Asentamientos Indigenas http://www.cdi.gob.mx/conadepi /iii/cletus/bra sil.pdf（Download in 2005.02.17）
    ____. Condiciones Historicas Sociales Que Regulan el Acceso a la Tierra en el Espacio Agrario de Brasil. Scripta Nova.Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Cienci as Sociales. U niversidad de Barcelona (ISSN 1138-9788) Nº 6, 1 de agosto de 1997. http://www.ub.es/ge ocrit/sn-6.htm（Download in 2004.03）
    La Demografia en Brasil. Asig. Historia de América Portuguesa. http://pdf.rincondelvago.com/brasil_1.html（Download in 2005.02.18）
    Martha Ojeda.Introducción a Nicomedes Santa Cruz:Ecos de África en Perú. http://www.andes.mis souri.edu/andes/comentario/MO_Nicomedes.html（Download in 2005.01.25）
    Pombo, María Dolores París.Estudios sobre el racismo en América Latina. http://polcul.xoc.uam.mx/~polcul/pyc17/12-paris.pdf（Download in 2005.03.09）
    Yao, Jean Arsène. Negros en Argentina : integración e identidad. http://www.univ-
    brest.fr/ amnis/documents/Ya o2002.pdf/p.12（Download in 2005.03.06）
    法文
    網路資料
    ____.Amérindiens. http://fr.encyclopedia.yahoo.com/articles/ni/ni_529_p0.html#ni_529.69（Download in 2004.03）
    ____.La Culture des Peuples Indiens. http://www.mre.gov.br/ndsg/textos/cultin-f.htm（Download in 2004.03）
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    民族研究所
    90259020
    94
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902590201
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Ethnology] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    59020101.pdf106KbAdobe PDF2870View/Open
    59020102.pdf169KbAdobe PDF2934View/Open
    59020103.pdf296KbAdobe PDF2995View/Open
    59020104.pdf210KbAdobe PDF2995View/Open
    59020105.pdf1493KbAdobe PDF21836View/Open
    59020106.pdf1024KbAdobe PDF21715View/Open
    59020107.pdf1260KbAdobe PDF22684View/Open
    59020108.pdf870KbAdobe PDF21653View/Open
    59020109.pdf243KbAdobe PDF21082View/Open
    59020110.pdf374KbAdobe PDF21486View/Open
    59020111.pdf1325KbAdobe PDF23822View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback