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    Title: 後社會主義國家金融自由化之政治經濟分析，以波蘭、愛沙尼亞及烏克蘭為例
    Authors: 李明修
    Contributors: 何思因
    李明修
    Keywords: 波蘭、愛沙尼亞、烏克蘭、金融自由化、兩級銀行體系、後社會主義國家、歐盟、中東歐、波羅的海、獨立國協
    Date: 2004
    Issue Date: 2009-09-19 15:41:55 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文採用制度途徑為分析工具，比較歐洲地區的後社會主義國家在金融自由化的過程中，國內外不同的政治力量如何運作。從政治背景和金融發展兩個層面來看，後社會主義國家可以區分為三類：中東歐、波羅的海及獨立國協，因為資料和能力所及的緣故，本文選擇了波蘭、愛沙尼亞與烏克蘭作為比較的個案。

    任何形式的改革皆會有阻力與助力，而在金融自由化之前需先做到經濟穩定化和國營部門私有化，這就要國內的既得利益階級犧牲部分利益，才能讓改革繼續下去，既得利益階級不甘利益受損，於是團結起來抵制改革，或對國會遊說、施壓，或藉由選舉進入國會、掌握國家機器，保持舊制度；此時，西方國際組織(歐盟、國際貨幣基金、世界銀行、歐洲復興與開發銀行等)扮演著改革助力角色，利用貸款、加入國際組織條件從外部制度協助後社會主義國家維繫改革動能和抗拒既得利益階級。

    本文研究發現，朝野主要政黨能夠遵照新制度而行的國家，往往是經濟改革和金融自由化較為優異的國家，這些國家的既得利益階級和國內對立情況相當較弱者，又有加入歐盟的改革誘因，才能順利推動改革，如波蘭及愛沙尼亞；烏克蘭陷於東西對立，既得利益階級強盛，國會屢屢修改制度，造成金融自由化落後。結論是制度和行為者都很重要，行為者制訂制度，制度提供行為者遊戲規則，行為者要遵守制度而行。
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    □□□□□□ 論文
    周志杰，1995，後共產主義時期波蘭政治發展之研究(1989-1995)，淡江大學歐洲研究所。
    網頁□ http://www.boca.gov.tw/~boca3007/trav/poland.htm
    www.cia.gov
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    政治研究所
    90252005
    93
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902520051
    Data Type: thesis
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