政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/34489
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113451/144438 (79%)
Visitors : 51257273      Online Users : 897
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
    •  Adv. Search
    Home ‧ Login ‧ Upload ‧ Help ‧ About ‧ Administer Goto mobile version


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34489


    Title: 競選廣告廣告效果研究：議題顯著性與候選人支持度間的關連
    Authors: 黃世安
    Huang Shih An
    Contributors: 陳義彥
    彭 芸


    黃世安
    Huang Shih An
    Keywords: 競選廣告
    投票行為
    選擇性認知
    第三人效果
    台北市長選舉
    李應元
    負面廣告
    Date: 2003
    Issue Date: 2009-09-19 15:38:43 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 近年來，台灣隨著民主化的浪潮，政黨政治的發展，選舉似乎儼然已經成為民主過程中，一種不可逆的趨勢。隨著選舉的次數增加，人民直接選舉公職的層級的提升，傳統經由人際網絡所建構而成的政治傳播管道，也開始面臨全新的挑戰，取而代之的是現代數位科技化的傳播媒介。電視競選廣告的興起與蓬勃發展，無異象徵政治訊息將更全面、更迅速且生動化的傳達到每一個角落。而負面競選廣告更是最常被使用且討論的一種廣告方式。
    2002年的台北市長選舉，是近年來國內首次兩大政黨對決的大型選舉。這樣的政黨對決模式，可以減少選民策略投票、棄保效應的發生，有助於我們研究競選廣告的說服效果，以及競選廣告對選民投票行為的影響。本文即以2002年的台北市長選舉為時空架構，從民進黨籍市長候選人李應元的競選廣告為研究主體，去探索競選廣告所訴求的政治訊息，對選民認知、投票行為上的影響以及是否會產生競選廣告的第三人效果，而這樣的效果是否會強化原先的政黨、候選人認同。本文也發現選民對競選廣告的訴求內容是有選擇性的認知，選民對競選廣告內容的贊同與否，主要取決於選民的政黨認同與投票對象。



    關鍵字：競選廣告、投票行為、選擇性認知、第三人效果、台北市長選舉、李應元、負面廣告。
    Reference: 中文部分
    王鼎銘
    2003 「負面競選對2002年高雄市長選舉影響的探討」，發表於2002年『台灣選舉與民主化調查』國際學術研討會。
    王嵩音
    2003 「第三人效果與表達意願---以2002年台北市長選舉為例」，發表於2002年『台灣選舉與民主化調查』國際學術研討會。
    王 旭
    1996 「民意調查的效果與反效果---選舉期間民意調查報導在民眾心目中的觀感及其潛在影響」，收錄於梁世武編著，民意調查：1996年總統選舉預測。台北：華泰書局。
    王淑女譯
    1992 《政治行銷》，桂冠圖書股份有限公司。
    朱雲漢
    1989 「寡佔經濟與威權政治體制」，收錄於蕭新煌等著：《壟斷與剝削-威權主義的政治經濟分析》，台北，台灣研究基金會出版。
    林政忠
    2002 《選舉活動中議題影像化之研究：2001年郭榮振立法委員選舉之個案研究》，政治大學廣播電視所碩士論文。
    林文益譯
    2001 《政治傳播學》，風雲論壇。
    林添貴譯
    1999 《選戰大謀略》，智庫文化。
    金溥聰
    1997 「報紙的形象設定效果研究：以民國八十三年台北市市長為例」，新聞學研究，第五十五集 頁203-223。
    金溥聰
    1996 「一九九六年總統候選人形象分析」，發表於1996年總統選舉研討會。
    金溥聰
    1995 「選舉議題設定：新聞媒體與政黨的角力賽」，新聞學研究，第五十集 頁157-160。
    宗立婷
    1998 《選舉民意調查第三人效果研究》，政治大學新聞所碩士論文。
    胡 佛
    1998 《政治參與與選舉行為》，三民書局。
    胡 佛、陳德禹、陳明通、游盈隆
    1987 《選民的投票行為》，中央選舉委員會。
    胡幼偉
    1998 「選舉民調第三者效果的因果分析」，收錄於中華傳播學會第二屆年會論文集。台北；中華傳播學會。
    胡幼偉
    1997 「選舉新聞的第三者效果」，收錄於中華傳播學會第一屆年會論文集。台北；中華傳播學會。
    胡幼偉、蔡炯青、郭文平
    1994 「第三者效果：一項民意研究的新課題」，民意研究季刊，第190期 頁49-68。
    高振盛
    1994 「電視廣告議題設定效果之初探」，廣告學研究，第四集 頁1-70。
    莊天憐
    2001 「我國獨立選民的發展與變遷：1989∼1999」，選舉研究，第八卷，第一期 頁71-112。
    盛杏湲
    2002 「統獨議題與台灣選民的投票行為」，選舉研究，第九卷第一期 頁41-80。
    盛杏湲
    1998 「選民的投票決定與選舉預測」，選舉研究，第五卷第二期 頁7-75。
    盛治仁
    2001 「議題投票與投射作用的探討：以台灣兩千年總統選舉為例」，發表於2001 台灣政治學會年會暨『政黨輪替後之台灣政治』學術研討會。
    陳義彥、洪永泰、盛杏湲、游清鑫、鄭夙芬、陳陸輝
    2001 《民意調查》，五南出版社。
    陳義彥、黃麗秋
    1992 《選舉行為與政治發展》，黎明出版社。
    陳憶寧
    2001 「總統候選人攻擊性新聞報導與其支持度的關聯：以公元兩千年總統大選為例」，新聞學研究，第六十九集 頁13-140。
    陳明通
    1998 《派系政治與台灣政治變遷》，月旦出版社。
    陳瑞獻
    1997 《政治學概要》，高點文化事業有限公司。
    郭岱君
    1999 《選戰必勝方程式》，智庫文化。
    張佑宗
    2003 「負面競選資訊與選舉結果：民國九十一年高雄市長選舉的分析」，發表於2002年『台灣選舉與民主化調查』國際學術研討會。
    張卿卿
    2002 「競選媒體使用對競選議題知識與政治效能感的影響」，選舉研究，第九卷，第一期 頁1-40。
    張卿卿
    2002 「競選新聞框架與廣告訴求對選民政治效能與信賴感的影響」，新聞學研究，第七十集 頁135-163。
    張卿卿
    2000 「美國政治競選廣告效果研究的回顧」，廣告學研究，第十四集 p1-29。
    張卿卿
    1999 「政治競選廣告對選民議題設定與預示的效果研究」，廣告學研究，第十二集 頁9-64。
    張卿卿
    1999 「女性候選人在選舉中的優劣勢：以八十六年臺北縣縣長候選人周荃為例」，選舉研究，第六卷第一期 頁11-141。
    彭芸
    2001 《新媒介與政治》，五南書局。
    彭芸
    1992 《政治廣告與選舉》，正中書局。
    彭芸
    2002 「2001年台灣選民的媒介使用與政治信任之關聯性研究」，尚未刊登。
    彭懷恩譯著
    1999 《政治學方法論》，風雲論壇。
    鈕則勳
    2002 《競選傳播策略》，韋伯出版社。
    鈕則勳
    2001 「政黨輪替後國民黨之文宣廣告策略：定位行銷理論之檢證」，發表於2001 台灣政治學會年會暨『政黨輪替後之台灣政治』學術研討會。
    黃秀端
    1996 「決定勝負的關鍵：候選人特質與能力在總統選舉中的重要性」，選舉研究，第三卷第一期 頁103-135。
    游清鑫
    1996 「選舉制度、選舉競爭與選舉策略：八十四年北市南區立委選舉策略之個案研究」，選舉研究，第三卷第一期 頁37-177。
    楊日青、李培元、林文斌、劉兆隆等譯
    1999 《政治學新論》，韋伯出版社。
    蔡美瑛
    1995 「議題設定理論之發展：從領域遷徙、理論研展到理論整合」，新聞學研究，第五十集 頁7-124。
    劉義周
    1985 「調查研究中不知道選項問題之分析」，政治大學學報，第五十二期 頁65-85。
    鄭自隆
    2000 《競選廣告》，正中書局。
    鄭自隆
    1993 「競選廣告中黨籍標籤之研究----1991與1989年兩黨候選人競選廣告之比較」，廣告學研究，第一集 頁99-117。
    鄭自隆
    1992 《競選文宣策略》，遠流出版公司。
    賴世培、丁庭宇、莫季雍
    2000 《民意調查》，國立空中大學。
    魏啟林編譯
    1988 《行銷學精論》，華泰書局。
    羅文輝
    2000 《傳播研究期刊第五集 色情網站：性別、使用頻率及第三人效果之關聯性研究》，政治大學傳播學院。
    羅文輝
    2000 「媒介負面內容與社會距離對第三人效果認知的影響」，新聞學研究第六十五集 p95-129。
    英文部分
    Ansolabehere S. & Iyengar S.
    1996 Going Negative New York：Free Press.
    Atkin C.K, & Keald G.
    1976 “Effects of Political Advertising”, Public Opinion Quarterly Vol . 40 pp216-28.
    Basil M. & Scholer C. & Reeves B.
    1991 “Positive and Negative Political Advertising: Effectiveness of Ads and Perceptions of Candidates” In F. Biocca (Ed.), Television and Political Advertising, Hillsadle,NJ：Erlbaum Vol .1 pp245-61.
    Bolland,E.J
    1989 “Advertising v. Public Relations”, Public Relations Quarterly Vol .34 No.3, pp10-12
    Bovee.C. L. & Arens,W.F
    1982 Contemporary Advertising, Richard D. Irwin.
    Campbell A.；Gurin G. & Miller W.E
    1954 The Voter Decides, Evanston, Ill：Row,Peterson.
    Campbell A.；Converse D.E；Miller W. & Stokes D.E
    1960 The American Voter,New York：Wiely .
    Campbell A. & Valen H.
    1961 “Party Identification in Norway and the United States” Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol . 25, No. 4. pp. 505-25.
    Chingching Chang
    2003 “Party Bias in Political Advertising Processing: Results from an Experiment Involving the 1988 Taipei Mayor Election.” Journal of Advertising, Vol.32, No2, pp 55-67.
    Cohen J.；Mutz D.；Price V. & Gunther A.
    1988 “Perceived Impact of Defamation：An Experiment on The Third-Person Effect.” Public Opinion Quarterly Vol.52 pp 161-73.
    Converse P.E & Markus G.B
    1979 “Plus Ca Change…The New CPS Election Study Panel” , American Political Science Review Vol.73 1979 pp32-49.
    Cundy,D
    1986 “Political Commercials and Candpdate Image：The Effect Can be Substantial” , in Kaid et al.eds, New Perspectives on Political Advertising, Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press,1986 pp210-234.
    Davison W.P
    1983 “The Third-Person Effect in Communication”, Public Opinion Quarterly Vol.47. pp1-15.
    Denton,R.E. & Woodward.G.C.
    1985 Political Communication in America, Praeger Publishers.
    Denton,R.E. & Woodward.G.C.
    1990 Political Communication in America N.Y. Praeger.
    Devlin,L
    1986 “An Analysis of Presidential Television Commercials 1952-1984” , in Kaid et al.eds, New Perspectives on Political Advertising, Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press, PP21-54.
    Devlin,L
    1997 “Contrasts in Presidential Campaign Commercials of 1996”’American Behavioral Scientist , Vol.40 No.8,pp1058-84.
    Diamond,E. & Bates.S
    1984 The Spot：The Rise of Political Advertising on TV ,The MIT Press.
    Doens A.
    1957 An Economic Theory of Democracy, N.Y.：Harper and Row.
    Duck J.M.；Hogg M.A & Terry D.J
    1995 “Me,Us and Them：Political Identification and the Third-Person Effect in the 1993 Australian Federal Election”, European Journal of Social Psychology Vol.25, pp195-215.
    Eldersveld S.J
    1952 “The Independent Vote: Measurement, Characteristics, and Implications for Party Strategy”, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 46, No. 3. pp. 732-753.
    Edwards III G.C；Mitchell W. & Welch R
    1995 “Explaining Presidential Approval: The Significance of Issue Salience”, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 39, No. 1. pp. 108-134.
    Fackler,T & Tse-min Lin
    1995 “Political Corruption and Presidential Elections,1929-1992”, Journal of Politics, Vol. 57, No. 4. pp. 971-993.
    Fiorina M.P
    1981 Retrospective Voting in American National Elections , Yale University.
    Finkel S.E
    1993 “Reexamining the "Minimal Effects" Model in Recent Presidential Campaigns”,
    The Journal of Politics, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 1-21.
    Fiske S. & Taylor S.E
    1984 Social Cognition. Reading ,MS：Addision-Wesley .
    Garramone G.M
    1995 “Effects of Negative Political Ads” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media ,Vol. 29 No.2, pp147-59.
    Glynn,C.J & Ostman R.E
    1988 “Public Opinion about Public Opinion ”,Journalism Quarterly Vol.65,pp299-306.
    Gunther A.C
    1995 “Overating thr X-rating：The-Person Perception and Support For Censorship of Pornography”. Journal of Communication Vol.45, pp27-38.
    Gronbeck B.E
    1992 “Negative Narratives In 1988 Presidential Campaign Ads”, Quarterly Journal of Speech Vol.78,pp333-46.
    Heywood ,A
    1997 Politics,St.Martin’s Press .
    Hellweg S.A；Dionisopoulos G.N. & Kugler D.B.
    1989 “Political Candidate Image：A State-Of-The-Art-Review”,in B.Dervin & M.J.Voigt（Eds）
    Progress in Communication Sciences IX,pp43-78.Norwood,N.J.：ABLEX Publishing Crop.
    Holbrook T.M
    1996 Do Campaigns Matter？Beverly Hills CA：Sage .
    Holbrook T.M
    1994 “Campaigns National Conditions and U.S. Presidential Elections”, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 973-98.
    McNair B.
    1999 Introduction to Political Communication, London ; New York : Routledge.
    Iyengar S. & Kinder D.
    1987 News That Matter, Chicago IL：The University of Chicago Press.
    Iyengar S.
    1991 Is anyone responsible？How television frames political issue, Chicago：University of Chicago Press.
    Jamieson K.H
    1986 “The Evolution of Political Advertising in American”’In Kaid et al.eds, New Perspectives on Political Advertising, Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press, pp1-20.
    Johnson-Cartee K.S & Copeland G.A
    1991 Negative Political Advertising：Coming of Age, Hillsdale,NJ：Erlbaum.
    Johnson-Cartee K.S & Copeland G.A
    1997 The Manipulation Of The American Voter, London：Praeger .
    Joslyn,R.A
    1990 “Election Campaigns as Occasion for civil Education”,in Swanson and Nimmo eds, New Directions in Political Communication ,Sage Publications Inc., pp86-122.
    Kaid ,L.L.
    1981 “Political Advertising”,in Nimmo and Sanders,eds, Handbook of Political Communication ,Beverly Hills,Sage,pp249-71.
    Kaid L.L. & Davidson D
    1986 “Elements of Videostyle：A Preliminary Examination of Candidate Presentation Through Television Advertising” In Kaid L.L ,Nimmo.D & Sanders K.R（Eds.）,New Perspectives on Political Advertising. Carbondale：Southern Illinois University Press, pp184-209.
    Kaid,L,L & Johnston,A
    1991 “Negative versus Positive Television Advertising in U.S. Presidential Campaign,1960-1988” Journal of Communication Vol. 41,53-64.
    Kaid,L,L & Tedesco J.C
    1999 “Tracking Voter Reactions to the Television Advertising”, in Kaid et al.eds, The electronic election：perspectives on 1996 campaign ommunication ,Mahwah,N.J.：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Publishers, pp244-5.
    Keith,B.E；Magleby,D.B；Nelson,C,J；Orr,E；Westlye,M.C & Wolfinger R.E
    1992 The Myth of the Independent Voter.Berkeley：University of California Press.
    Kern,M
    1989 30-second Politics：Political Advertising in the Eighties, Praeger Publishers.
    Key V.O
    1966 The Responsible Electorate Cambridge：Harvard University Press.
    Kolter, P.
    1985 Overview of political candidates marketing. Political marketing：Reading and annotated bibliography. Chicago：American Marketing Association.
    Lasswell H.
    1949 World Politics and Personal Sincerity, N.Y.：McGraw Hill.
    Lazarsfeld P.F；Berelson B. & Gaudet H.
    1944 The People’s Choice：How the Voter Make up his Mind in Presdient Campaign, N.Y.：Columbia University Press 1944.
    Lipset S.M.
    1960 Political Man, Garden City, N.Y.：Doubleday.
    Lipset S.M. & Bendix R.
    1954 Class, Status And Power, A Reader In Social Stratification, The Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois.
    Lawrence R. Jacobs & Robert Y.Shapiro
    1960 ‘”Issue,candidate image,and priming：The use of private polls in kennedy’s 1960 presidential campaign”, American Political Science Review Vol.88 No.3 pp527-40.
    Maarek,P.J.
    1995 Political marketing and communication. London：John Libbey.
    Mauser,G.A
    1983 Political marketing：An approach to campaign strategy. N.Y.Praeger .
    Mendelsohn,M.
    1996 “The media and interpersonal communication：The proming of issue,leaders,and party identification”, The Journal of Politics Vol.58 No.1, pp112-25.
    McCombs M & Shaw D.
    1972 “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media”, Public Opinion Quarterly Vol.36 pp176-84 .
    McCombs M & Evatt D.
    1994 “Issue and Attributes：Exploring a New Dimension in Agenda-Setting”, Manuscript prepared for Communication y Sociedad,a publication of the University of Navarra in Pamplona,Spain.
    McCombs M
    1995 “The Media Outside and The Pictures in Our Heads：Surveying The Second Dimension of Agenda-Setting”, Manuscript prepared for “New Trends in Communication”,A conference of the Universita Degli Studi Roma “La saouebza.” Rome,Italy.
    McGee M.C
    1978 “Not Men But Measures：The Origins and Support of Ideological Principle”, Quarterly Journal of Speech Vol.64.pp141-56.
    Merritt S.
    1984 “Negative Political Advertising：Some Empirical Findings” Journal of Advertising Vol.13 pp27-38.
    Miller,A.H；Wattenberg,M.P & Malanchuk O
    1986 “Schematic Assessments of Presidential Candidates,” American Political Science Review Vol.80,pp521-540.
    Newman,Bruce.I
    1999 Handbook of Political Marketing, London, Sage Publication , Inc.
    Niemi, R.G & Weisberg,H.F
    1984 Controversies in Voting Behavior, Congressional Quarterly Inc.
    Nimmo,D & Felsberg,A
    1986 “Hidden Myths in Televisual Political Advertising”,in Kaid et al.eds, New Perspectives on Political Advertising, Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press,pp248-267.
    Norpoth H.
    1978 “Party Identification In West Germany：Tracing An Elusive Concept,” Comparative Political Studies Vol.11, pp36-59.
    O`Shaughnessy, N.
    1990 The phenomenon of political marketing , New York : St. Martin`s Press.
    Page, B. & Shapiro,R
    1992 The Rational Public.Chicago：University of Chicago Press.
    Pfau M.
    1993 Persuasive Communication Campaigns, Roxanne Parrott. Boston：Allyn and Bacon .
    Pfau M. & Burgoon M.
    1995 “An inoculation theory explanation for the effects of corporate issue/advocacy advertising campaigns.” Communication Research; Vol.22 No.4 ,pp485-506.,
    Pfau M. & Burgoon M.
    1988 “Inocuation in Political Campaign Communication”, Human Communication Research Vol.15,pp91-111.
    Percheron A & Jennings M.K
    1981 “Political Continuities In French Families：A New Perspective On An Old Controversy” , Comparative Politics Vol.13, pp421-36.
    Ranney A.
    1962 Essays on the behavioral study of politics, Urbana： University of Illinois Press.
    Ranney A.
    1996 Governing , Prentice Hall.
    Rucinski D & Salmon C.T.
    1990 “The ‘Other’ as the Vulnerable Voter：A Study of the Third-Person Effect in the 1988 U.S. Presidential Campaign”, International Journal of Public Opinion Research Vol.2, pp345-68.
    Robinson W.S
    1950 “Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals”, American Sociological Reviews Vol.15, pp351-7.
    Roddy B.L & Garramone G.M
    1988 “Appeals and Strategies of Negative Political Advertising” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, Vol.32 No.4, pp415-27.
    Rogers E.M. & Dearing J.M
    1988 “Agenda-Setting Research：Where Has It Been Where Is It Go？”Communication Yearbook Vol.11,pp555-94.
    Rothschild M.L.
    1987 Advertising：From Fundamental to Strategy ,MA：D.C Heath.
    Sabato L.
    1981 The Rise of Political Consultants, New York, Basic Books.
    Salwen M.B
    1997 “Perception of Media Power and Fairness in Campaign 1996：The Third Person Effect and Support for Press Restriction” Paper presented at Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication ,Anaheim, Chicago, IL.
    Schumpeter J.
    1976 Capitalism ,socialism and democracy. London：George Allen & Unwin.
    Seib,P
    1987 Who’s in Charge？ How the Media Shape News and Politicians Win Voters,Taylor Publishing Company.
    Shaw D.R
    1999 “The Effect of TV Ads and Candidate Appearances on Statewide Presidential Voters,1988-96”, American Political Science Review Vol.93 No.2, pp345-61.
    Smith,E.R.A.N
    1989 The Unchanging American Voter. Berkeley：University of California Press .
    Thorson E, Christ W.C & Caywood C
    1991 “Effects of Issue-Image Strategies Attack and Support Appeals, Music and Visual Content in Political Commercials” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media Vol.35 No.4, pp465-86.
    Tiedge,J.T;Silverblatt A.;Havice M.J&Rosenfeld
    1991 “Discrepancy Between Perceived First-Person and Perceived Third-Person Mass Media Effect”,Journalism Quarterly.Vol.68,pp141-54.
    Weisberg,H.F.
    1980 “A Multidimensional Conceptualization Of Party Identification”, Political Behavior Vol. 2, pp33-60.
    West, D.M
    1993 Air War：Television Advertising in Election Campaigns,1952-1992. Washington,D.C：Congressional Quarterly 1993.
    West, D.M
    1994 “Political Advertising and News Coverage in The 1992 California U.S. Senate Campaigns “, The Journal of Politics Vol.56 No.4,pp1053-75.
    William, M. Pride & Ferrell,O.C
    1977 Marketing-Basic Concepts and Decisions N.Y.：Houghton Mifflin Company.
    Worcester,R.M.
    1991 British Public Opinion , Oxford,Basil Blackwell.
    Wagner.J
    1983 “Media do a difference：The differential impact of mass media in the 1976 presidential race”, American Political Science Review Vol.27 No.3,pp407-30.
    網路部分
    陳照明、陳春富
    2002 「政治行銷模式之建構---商業行銷模式之修飾」 產業論壇
    網址：http://www.itis.org.tw/forum/content4/01if42.htm
    MORI-Market & Opinion Research
    網址：http://www.mori.com/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    政治研究所
    90252012
    92
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090252012
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Political Science] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    25201201.pdf65KbAdobe PDF2775View/Open
    25201202.pdf81KbAdobe PDF2868View/Open
    25201203.pdf67KbAdobe PDF2729View/Open
    25201204.pdf59KbAdobe PDF2690View/Open
    25201205.pdf40KbAdobe PDF2672View/Open
    25201206.pdf70KbAdobe PDF2776View/Open
    25201207.pdf202KbAdobe PDF2972View/Open
    25201208.pdf306KbAdobe PDF22336View/Open
    25201209.pdf222KbAdobe PDF2953View/Open
    25201210.pdf486KbAdobe PDF2828View/Open
    25201211.pdf163KbAdobe PDF2774View/Open
    25201212.pdf126KbAdobe PDF21025View/Open
    25201213.pdf201KbAdobe PDF2805View/Open
    25201214.pdf201KbAdobe PDF2826View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback