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| Title: | 標準制定組織之智慧財產保護政策及競爭法問題探討
A Study on Intellectual Property Protection Strategies and Antitrust Issues of Standard-Setting Organizations |
| Authors: | 湯亦敏
Tang, Yi-min |
| Contributors: | 黃銘傑
Huang, Ming-jye
湯亦敏
Tang, Yi-min |
| Keywords: | 標準制定組織
標準
事實標準
法定標準
網路效應
標準化體系
觀念和表達二分法
事實編輯物
資料庫
限制競爭
關鍵設施理論
拒絕交易
standard-setting organizations（SSOs）
standard
de facto standards
de jure standards
netwok effect
standardization system
the idea/expression dichotomy
compilation of facts
databases
restraint of competition
essential facility doctrine
refusal to deal |
| Date: | 2006 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-17 18:41:01 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 「沒有標準化就沒有現代經濟。」在知識經濟時代，掌握制定規則權力者，就占有主宰市場的領導地位。由於絕大多數標準係由政府或私人組織所制定，因此，研究標準制定組織具有重要意義。此外，觀察當代立法趨勢，政府以採訂私人組織或非政府組織所擬定之產業標準的方式，擴增其管制功能，在此潮流下，採訂私人草撰標準成為法律規範一環，此舉一方面可能形成授權立法之漏洞，另一方面將迫使個人暴露於著作權侵權行為之刑事、民事以及行政制裁大帽。同時，政府將產品標準及認證之工作委由產業協會等私人組織承擔亦成主流，該項¬「公益性」作業即可能成為事實標準制定者用來限制競爭、不當逐利的手段。
本文便以上述爭議問題為出發點，討論標準制定組織所擬定之標準，特別是經過政府機關以法律規範形式採用後，是否仍該當著作權的保護客體？並將研究延伸到網路產業中標準著作權保護的適當性問題，以及針對標準這類事實編輯物的資料庫保護進行分析；其次，本文將針對一國之產業標準制定組織為研究重心，探討例如標準制定與認證中的限制競爭及獨占管制的法律問題，以及隱然成為事實標準的市場領導者涉及智慧財產權的拒絕交易紛爭等課題。然而，針對上述命題的前提要件是對標準的概念與應用有相當之瞭解，以導入標準制定組織之運作、不同層級標準制定過程之影響及其所涉及之智慧財產爭議問題研究。因此，本文將對國家標準以及行業標準制定及運用過程所涉及之著作權及競爭法問題作深入且廣泛之瞭解，以此為基礎，分析各層級標準制定體系的規範內涵，繼而詮釋一國保護行業標準之著作權與競爭法之法律規定；並提出建言作為我國標準化體系之發展、參與國際標準制定活動、標準著作權保護分析架構、事實編輯物（資料庫）保護模式、競爭法對標準與認證活動之適用以及切入拒絕交易案件等之參考。
In a knowledge-based economy, whoever dominates rules-developing overpowers the market. Most of the standards are set by the government and private organizations; therefore, a study on standard-setting organizations is of essential value. The Government leverages its regulatory function by adopting law standards promulgated and copyrighted by non-governmental actors. Despite governmental ambitions, no one is responsible for evaluating the legitimacy of this approach ex ante and no framework exists to facilitate analysis. On the other hand, standard-developing and conformity assessment increasingly falls on the shoulders of industry associations and lead to impartiality concerns from the antitrust law perspective.
Regarding standards that are generated and controlled by private actors exposing citizens to criminal, civil and administrative sanctions, this paper contributes an analytical framework and proposes institutional mechanisms to implement it in terms of copyright. This paper extends by questioning if copyright would be an appropriate form to protect standards in the Internet industry. Then, it explores ways to protect compilation of facts and databases once they are de facto standards. Following the antitrust concerns, this paper focuses on industry standard-setting organizations within a specific territory to explore the antitrust and unfair competition problems confronting the role of the de facto standard-setters or the certification performers and the refusal to deal involving intellectual property issues.
As foundations, this paper initiates by a detailed study of concepts and applications surrounding standardization; then, it leads to how a standards is produced, how standard-developing organizations in various levels affect the market, and how the intellectual property problems involves in standardization. In conclusion, based upon in-depth coverage of copyright and antitrust predicaments facing applications of national standards and industry standards, this paper interprets how copyright and antitrust laws work to protect business standards. At the same time, it delivers suggestions for the development of our standardization system, involvement of international standard-setting activities, an analytical framework for standards in copyright, protection for compilation of facts and databases, and how antitrust laws works when it comes to non-governmental standard-setting actors. |
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蔣明晃，網路外部性下使既有基礎崩解的策略，2003年。<http://journal.management.org.tw/fulldoc/20-5-1.doc>
謝笠天，美國法學評論及期刊之運作，2006年。<www.csil.org.tw/student/student200601.pdf>
鍵盤擺設QWERTY v. Dvorak。<http://libai.math.ncu.edu.tw/bcc16/pool/2.03.shtml>
羅明通，著作違法抄襲之判斷基準－兼談電腦軟體著作權之侵害，資訊法律專題，1997年。<http://www.ascc.sinica.edu.tw/nl/86/1315/05.txt >
【新聞資料】
元照出版法學網站涉非法重製 遭檢警法辦，大紀元，2006年10月23日。<http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/10/23/n1496103.htm>
思科訴華為斡旋庭外和解──私有協議引發爭論，21世紀經濟報導，2003年2月13日。<http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/e/2003-02-21/1622167180.shtml>
“專家論案”網法規資料庫被判侵犯著作權需賠償4萬元，中國法院網，2004年。<http://www.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=123091>
微軟發表HailStorm 挑戰AOL，CNET新聞專區，2001年3月20日。<http://www.zdnet.com.tw/news/hardware/0,2000085676,20000459,00.htm>
【司法院判決、解釋】
北京創聯通信網路有限公司訴北京匯盟國際商務諮詢有限公司，參見北京
海澱區人民法院判決書（海知初字112號，1999年）
行政法院72年判字第359號判決
瑞得集團公司訴東方資訊服務有限公司，參見北京海澱區人民法院判決書
（海知初字21號，1999年）
【法律文件】
《中華人民共和國母嬰保健法》在1994年施行。
《中華人民共和國民法通則》1986年施行
《中華人民共和國放射性污染防治法》2003年施行。
《中華人民共和國建築法》1998年施行。
《中華人民共和國紅十字會法》在1993年施行。
《中華人民共和國食品衛生法（試行）》1983年實施。
《中華人民共和國食品衛生法》1995年施行。
《中華人民共和國國境衛生檢疫法》1986年施行。
《中華人民共和國執業醫師法》1998年施行。
《中華人民共和國產品品質法》2000年修改後施行。
《中華人民共和國著作權法》2001年修正
《中華人民共和國著作權法實施條例》2002年修改。
《中華人民共和國傳染病防治法》在1989年施行。
《中華人民共和國學校衛生工作條例》1990年施行。
《中華人民共和國環境保護法》在1989年實施。
《中華人民共和國藥品管理法》2001年施行。
《中華人民共和國獻血法》1997年施行。
《公共場所衛生管理條例》1987年施行。
中華人民共和國《化妝品衛生監督條例》1989年施行。
中華人民共和國《食鹽加碘消除碘缺乏危害管理條例》1994年施行。
中華人民共和國《電腦軟體保護條例》2002年施行。
中華人民共和國《塵肺病防治條例》1987年施行。
中華人民共和國《標準出版管理辦法》1997年施行。
我國《公平交易法》2002年修正。
我國《行政程序法》2001年修正。
我國《專利權法》2004年修正。
我國《著作權法》2007年修正。
我國《標準法》1997年施行。
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《Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of 1994》WTO
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
智慧財產研究所
94361005
95 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094361005 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [智慧財產研究所] 學位論文
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