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    Title: 南錐共同市場的發展--以新區域主義方法分析
    The Developmenet of MERCOSUR: the New Regionalism Approach
    Authors: 黃文傑
    HUANG WEN-JIE
    Contributors: 鄧中堅
    黃文傑
    HUANG WEN-JIE
    Keywords: 新區域主義方法
    南錐共同市場
    全球化
    區域主義
    拉丁美洲
    New Regionalism Approach
    MERCOSUR
    Globalization
    Regionalism
    Latin America
    Date: 2005
    Issue Date: 2009-09-17 17:53:15 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 1980年代,全球化在新自由主義的經濟發展模式驅動下,風起雲湧的在世界各地攻城掠地,不到幾年的光景,新自由主義的意識型態成為世界各國主要的經濟發展模式,就連一向為保護主義大本營的拉丁美洲,也改弦易轍的擁抱新自由主義,希望這樣的琵琶別抱,可以獲得一個美好的未來。
    全球化由經濟力量帶領,對人類舊有的世界秩序產生衝擊,衝擊的層面不只侷限在經濟面向,社會是一個整體,經濟面向進一步影響了政治、社會、文化、安全等,帶來了一個廣泛而全面的鉅變。然而,經濟全球化的速度發展過快,人類社會還來不及產生一個相應社會來配合發展,於是,一股來自社會的政治力量反撲,也從世界每個角落,吹起出征的號角。政治反撲的形式之一,就是1980年代中期開使興起的新區域主義,南錐地區便由巴西、阿根廷帶頭,成立了南錐共同市場,以區域整合來迎接全球化所帶來的衝擊。
    舊有的世界秩序,在全球化與區域化兩股力量的衝擊下,正在改變,新的世界秩序,在這兩股力量的激盪下,正在形成。處在一個舊世界秩序正在改變,新世界秩序尚未形成的年代,必須有一套理論來解釋這樣的現象,舊有的國際政治經濟理論無法給人類一個滿意的答案,於是到了1990年代中期,Bj□rn Hetten等人為主的「新區域主義方法」興起,強調區域是一個動態的概念,從區域性來看區域整合,將其分為區域空間、區域複合體、區域社會、區域共同體、區域國家等五個階段,此外,新區域主義方法認為區域化動力來自於多面向,必須從文化、安全、經濟政策、政治體制等多面向來觀察,而在層次上,則可從世界體系、區域間、區域、次國家等多層次來分析。對於形成中的新世界秩序,新區域主義方法也提出新世界秩序必須包含和平、發展和環境永續的價值,而這些便可透過安全區域主義、發展區域主義和環境永續來達成。
    南錐地區的區域整合,在1979年之前,由於安全上處於衝突形成狀態,經濟往來程度亦不高,屬於新區域主義方法下的區域複合體階段。1979到1991年之間,南錐站在區域複合體的基礎上,加速了區域整合的進程,南錐地區的實質區域形成,區域性增加,進入新區域主義方法的區域社會階段。1991年之後,南錐共同市場成立,南錐地區的整合成為一個具有正式組織的法理區域,整合的速度、廣度、深度都不斷的成長,成為一個具有認同的區域主體,尤其在對外談判上,更是展現南錐共同市場作為一個活躍區域主體的實力,經過這些區域整合的努力,南錐地區已經達到新區域主義方法中,區域共同體的階段。
    全球化對於舊有的世界秩序帶來衝擊,人類社會處在一個十字路口,未來的世界新秩序到底要往哪裡走,仍舊是目前爭辦的課題之一。當今浮上台面的世界新秩序選項,主要為以區域為主體的後西發利亞秩序,以及以國家為主體的新西發利亞秩序,這兩個選項的背後,隱藏著全球化與區域化兩股力量的相互激盪,而其中南錐共同市場的整合,也深受這兩股力量的影響。當我們對未來混沌不知時,掌握這兩股力量的脈動,將有助於我們走向下一個路口。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    92253001
    94
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530011
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[外交學系] 學位論文

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