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| Title: | 由「大西洋鮪類資源保育委員會」二○○五年05-02號建議論高度洄游魚類種群之養護與管理
On the conservation and management of Highly Migratory Species in terms of Recommendation by ICCAT Regarding Control of Chinese Taipei’s Atlantic Bigeye Tuna Fishery「05-02」in 2007 |
| Authors: | 李佳燕
Lee, Chia-Yen |
| Contributors: | 陳純一
李佳燕
Lee, Chia-Yen |
| Keywords: | 高度洄游魚類種群
大西洋鮪類資源保育委員會
大西洋鮪類資源保育委員會05-02號建議
區域漁業組織
台灣
海洋法
Highly Migratory Species
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Recommendation 05-02 by ICCAT
Regional Fishery Organization (RFO)
Tawian
the Law of the Sea |
| Date: | 2006 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-17 17:49:42 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 2005年「大西洋鮪類資源保育委員會」(International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, ICCAT)第十九屆年會將台灣2006年在大西洋大目鮪(Bigeye Tuna)的漁獲配額自14,900公噸削減為4,600公噸的決定，即05-02號建議(Recommendation by ICCAT Regarding Control of Chinese Taipei’s Atlantic Bigeye Tuna Fishery [05-02] in 2005)，除反應出漁業資源日益稀少和各國竸爭激烈的事實外，也顯示了國人海洋漁業生態保育的觀念有待加強。
<br>本論文乃以ICCAT 05-02號建議作為個案研究，對高度洄游魚類種群(highly migratory species)之養護與管理體系為一整體檢視，探討該號建議所呈現之生態保育問題。內容側重於法規範面之探討，並就高度洄游魚類種群之定義、生態習性、種類、及資源使用狀況為一基本介紹。主要探討三大議題：(1)國際規範體系架構；(2)養護與管理高度洄游魚類之現況；(3)當前面臨之問題與挑戰。
<br>全球海洋資源面臨的人為挑戰模式均同，本文焦點雖在高度洄游魚類種群之探討，但也反應出其他種類漁資源在保育上所面臨的共同問題，只不過因高度洄游魚類生態上的特殊性，使其整體養護與管理過程更能突顯出國際漁業治理的本質─國際合作的必要性。但若從另一角度分析漁業管理制度發生改變的原因，則將突顯出國際漁業治理的另一項本質，即國家利益的追求，事實上這也是所有國際活動的基本特徵。因此，以專業性的角度來分析區域漁業組織運作的同時，不能忽略國際政治因素的牽絆，國家漁業經濟利益透過國際政治上的實力對比在區域漁業組織的運作過程中彰顯出來。
<br>本論文章節安排分為六章，首先概略介紹「高度洄游魚類」之意義、特性及資源使用狀態(第一章)，爾後簡介現行有關高度洄游魚類之國際規範體系(第二章)，接著以ICCAT為案例，使讀者明白當前國際間透過區域漁業組織來施行漁資源管理的實際運作情形(第三章)，透過05-02號建議讓讀者了解區域漁業組織如何敦促成員國遵守區域漁業規範，落實其養護與管理高度洄游魚類之國際任務(第四章)，並探討ICCAT05-02號建議所反應出來的制度面或執行面之問題(第五章)。最後綜合各章節內容，針對高度洄游魚類之整體規範體系架構為一觀察反省，歸結出本議題核心所在，即追求國家利益前提下的國際合作(第六章)。
<br>國際間對於高度洄游魚類種群的保育工程已然啟動，國家願意讓渡出更多一些的權力由國際專門性機構來主導，並在一定規範架構下進行國際合作，這是值得肯定的發展趨勢，並可觀樂期待國際間對於生態環境議題將給予更多的關注，落實資源永續經營的理念。
On 19th regular meeting of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), the commission decided to cut down Taiwan’s quota of Bigeye tuna in Atlantic Ocean form 14,900 tonnage to 4,900, that is Recommendation by ICCAT Regarding Control of Chinese Taipei’s Atlantic Bigeye Tuna Fishery [05-02] in 2005. This case reflects the fact that fishery resource is coming shorter and States compete harshly. It shows that our concept of conservation ecology leaves much space to improve as well.
<br>This thesis is a case study based on Recommendation 05-02 by ICCAT. Here try to inspect thoroughly the conservation and management system of highly migratory species, so as to discuss the problems of eco-conservation reflecting from that Recommendation. Contexts focus on the regulation aspect, and briefly introduce the definition, ecologic habitual behavior, kinds, and condition of resource consumption of highly migratory species. The three main topics to discuss are: (1) international regulation framework; (2) current status of conservation and management of highly migratory species; (3) the problems and challenges confront with nowadays.
<br>The challenges to ocean resource caused by human activity are all the same. This thesis is about highly migratory species, but also reflects the common problem of other fish species in ecological protection respect. Merely because of the ecological particularity, the whole process of conservation and management of highly migratory species could better show the key ingredient of international fishery governance, which is international cooperation. From the other angle, the change of fishery management system mirrors the nature of international fishery management, that is pursuing of national interest. Actually, the later is fundamental character of all kinds of international interaction. Therefore, when analyzing the function of regional fishery organization, we could not ignore the international political fact. National economic fishery interest manifests through relative international political power in fishery management organizations.
<br>There are six chapters in this thesis. First, to take a quick glance at what “highly migratory species” is and its character and resource status (chapter 1). And then turn to the introduction of current international regulation system of highly migratory species (chapter 2). Following is a case study based on ICCAT, to inform readers how Regional Fishery Organizations function actually (chapter 3). Through Recommendation 05-02 by ICCAT, we could take a look how Regional Fishery Organizations urge States to meet their commission of conserving and managing highly migratory species (chapter 4). And then go to a discussion of institutional and enforcement problems reflect from Recommendation 05-02 by ICCAT (chapter 5). Finally, we take a entirely observation and introspection from the foregoing chapters, and then sum up the core of the international fishery issue, that is international cooperation with a prerequisite of chasing national interest(chapter 6).
<br>The international conservation of highly migratory species has set out. States are willing to transfer more competence to specialized institution and undertake international cooperation under a certain regulatory framework. This situation deserves much applause. We could look forward that international society would pay more attention to environmental ecological issues to carrying out the idea of sustainable development and management of ocean resource. |
| Reference: | == 中文部分 ==
官方出版品
《「出席『大西洋鮪類資源保育委員會(ICCAT)第19屆年會』」出國報告》，行政院農委會漁業署，2005年12月。
網路pdf檔連結：http://open.nat.gov.tw/OpenFront/report/email_detail.jsp?
sysId=C09404980 (最後檢視日期：2006/10/17)
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專書
王丕列，《中國鯨類》，香港：海洋企業有限公司，1999年。
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期刊、論文
王志文，「國際法上海洋漁業資源之開發與養護」，收錄於《華岡法粹》第27期，1999年。
李冠廷摘譯，「鮪魚的生態介紹」，收錄於《國際漁業資訊》第154期，基隆：國立台灣海洋大學，2005年9月。http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
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何勝初、夏翠鳳，「ICCAT對我國大目鮪配額實施懲罰性削減」，收錄於《國際漁業資訊》第158期，基隆：國立台灣海洋大學，2006年1月。http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
何勝初，「我國執行遠洋鮪延繩釣漁業減船措施」，收錄於《國際漁業資訊》第148期，基隆：國立台灣海洋大學(2005年3月)。http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
何勝初，「ICCAT特別工作小組完成漁撈可能之配額分配基準」，收錄於《國際漁業資訊》第111期，基隆：國立台灣海洋大學(2002年2月)。http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
何勝初，「ICCAT年會各國對TAC各持已見-大會議事形同癱瘓」，收錄於《國際漁業資訊》第110期，基隆：國立台灣海洋大學(2002年1月)。http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
柯欣瑋摘譯，「台灣鮪漁業身陷危機」，收錄於《國際漁業資訊》第157期，基隆：國立台灣海洋大學，2005年12月。http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
夏翠鳳摘譯，「國際打擊IUU漁撈不遺餘力」，收錄於《國際漁業資訊》第144期 (2004年11月)。
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※ 有關ICCAT歷年年會經過之簡介，可參考《國際漁業資訊》第146期(2004年)、第133期(2003年)、第123期(2002年)、第110期(2001年)、第98期(2000年)、第86期(1999年)、第74期(1998年)、第51期(1996年)。
== 西文部分 ==
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ICCAT reports
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ICCAT, Report for biennial period, 2004-05 Part II, vol.1, (2005)
專書
Boyle, Alan and Freestone, David ed., International Law and Sustainable Development, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
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期刊、論文
Barston, Ronald, “The Law of the Sea and Regional Fisheries Organizations,” The Internationa Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 14, No. 3 (1999), pp. 333-352.
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== 網路連結 ==
中文網站
中央大學地科遠距教學系統http://140.115.123.30/earth/earth.htm
中華民國對外漁業合作發展協會網站http://www.ofdc.org.tw/
台灣區鮪魚公會 http://www.tuna.org.tw/front.asp
台灣魚類資料庫http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/version.htm
行政院農委會漁業署 http://www.fa.gov.tw/chn/index.php
行政院農委會水產試驗所 http://www.tfrin.gov.tw/friweb/index.php
海洋資料庫網站 http://www.ncor.ntu.edu.tw/ODBS/index.html
教育部「自然生態學習網」 http://nature.edu.tw
西文網站
FAO-Fisheries Department http://www.fao.org/fi/default.asp
Fish base http://www.fishbase.org/search.php
Internet Guide to International Fisheries Law http://www.intfish.net/orgs/index-1.htm
Pacific Fishery Management Council (US) http://www.pcouncil.org/hms/hmsback.html#what
The Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm
Wikipedia encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
區域漁業組織官方網站
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
南方黑鮪保育委員會http://www.ccsbt.org/
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
印度洋鮪類委員會http://www.iotc.org/English/index.php
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
美洲熱帶鮪類保護委員會http://www.iattc.org/HomeENG.htm
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
大西洋鮪類資源保育委員會 http://www.iccat.es/main.htm
The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
地中海漁業總務理事會http://www.fao.org/fi/body/rfb/GFCM/gfcm_home.htm|
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
中西太平洋漁業委員會http://www.wcpfc.org/ |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
93253007
95 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093253007 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
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