Reference: | Arva, V., & Medgyes, P. (2000). Native and non-native teachers in the classroom. System, 28, 355-372. Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Allwright, D., & Bailey, K. (1991). Focus on the Language Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bach, K., & Harnish, R. (1979). Linguistic communication and speech acts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1996). Pragmatics and language teaching: Bringing pragmatics and pedagogy together. In L.F. Bouton (Ed.), Pragmatics and Language Learning. University of Illinois Press, Urbana-Champaign, IL (pp. 21-39). Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1999). Exploring the interlanguage of interlanguage pragmatics. Language Learning, 49(4), 677-713. Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Hartford, B. (1992). Experimental and observational data in the study of interlanguage pragmatics. In L. Bouton & Y. Kachru (Eds.), Pragmatics and language learning, monograph 3, (pp. 33-50). Urbana-Champaign, IL: DEIL. Becica, B. (1969). First language background as it affects ESL teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 3(4), 349-353. Beebe, L. M., & Cummings, M. C. (1996). Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance. In S. M. Gass & J. Neu (Eds.), Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to communication in a second language (pp. 65-86). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Beebe, L. M., & Takahashi, T. (1989). Sociolinguistic variation in face-threatening speech acts: Chastisement and disagreement. In M. R. Eisenstein (Ed.), The Dynamic interlanguage: Empirical studies in second language variation (pp. 199-218). New York: Plenum Press. Forces , 65, 1-27. Hofstede, G. (1984). The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 389-398. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Book Company. Holmes, J. (1995). Women, men and politeness. London: Longman. House, J., & Kasper, G. (1981). Politeness markers in English and German. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), Conversational routine (pp. 157-185). The Hague: Mouton. Hsiao, H. C. (1999). A developmental study of polite registers in school-age children’s request. Unpublished master’s thesis, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan. Huang, H. (1998). An Analysis of the Functions of Teacher Talk Based on EFL Classroom Interaction in Junior High School. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Normal Kaohsiung University, Taiwan. Huth, T., & Taleghani-Nikazm, C. (2006). How can insights from conversation analysis be directly applied to teaching L2 pragmatics? Language Teaching Research, 10(1), 1-27. Billmyer, K. (1990). I really like your lifestyle: ESL learners learning how to compliment. Penn Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 6 (2), 31-48. Hymes, D. H. (1962). The ethnography of speaking. In T. Gladwin & W. C. Sturtevant (Eds.), Anthropology and human behavior (pp. 13-53). Washington, DC: Anthropology Society of Washington. Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations of sociolinguistics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Ide, S. (1989). Formal forms and discernment: Two neglected aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. Multilingua, 8, 223-248. Iedema, R. (1996). Save the talk for after the listening: The realization of regulative discourse in teacher talk. Language and Education, 10, 82-103. Kasper, G. (1994). Politeness. In R.E. Asher (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (pp.3206-211). Oxford: Pergamon Press. Kasper, G. (1997). Can pragmatic competence be taught? Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center: University of Hawaii Kasper, G., & Rose, K. R. (1999). Pragmatics and SLA. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 19, 81-104. Blom, J., & Gumperz, J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structures: Kasper, G., & Rose, K. R. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Kernan, C. M., & Kernan K. T. (1977). Pragnatics of directive choice among children. In Ervin-Tripp & Mitchell-Kernan (Eds.), Child discourse (pp. 189-208). New York: Academic Press. Kirkpatrick, A. (1991). Information sequencing in Mandarin in letters of request. Anthropological Linguistics, 33(2), 183-203. King, K., & Silver, R. (1993). "Sticking points": Effects of instruction on NNS refusal strategies. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 359774). Kim, M. S. (1994). Cross-cultural comparisons of the perceived importance of conversational constraints. Human Communication Research, 21, 128-151. Koike, D. A. (1989). A study of Japanese and American perceptions of politeness in requests. Doshida Studies in English, 50, 178-210. Koike, D. A. (1996). Transfer of pragmatic competence and suggestions in Spanish foreign language learning. In S. M. Gass & J. Neu (Eds.), Speech Acts across Cultures: Challenges to Communication in a Second Language (pp. 257-281). New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Code-switching in Norway. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics (pp. 407-434). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. Lebra, T. S. (1976). Japanese patterns of behavior. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Lee, Y., & Schneider, B. (1990). A model for academic success: The school and home environment of Eastern Asian students. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 21, 358–377. Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. London and New York: Longman. Lee-Wong, S. M. (1994). Imperatives in requests: Direct or impolite observations from Chinese. Pragmatics 4, 491-515. Legarreta, D. (1977). Language choice in bilingual classrooms. TESOL Quarterly, 11(1), 9-16. Blum-Kulka, S. (1982). Learning to say what you mean in a second language: A study Lei, C. H. (2001). Social Variables and Chinese Adolescents`` Directives—The Development of the Speech Acts in Junior High, Senior High and College Students. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Li, T. (2003). Pragmatic differences in politeness compared between English and Chinese. Journal of Xinzhou Teachers University, 19(6), 29-31. Li, Y. (2006). “Face” in Chinese and Western culture. Journal of Huangshan University, 8(2), 69-72. Liao, C. C. (1982). A contrastive study of Chinese and English directives. Unpublisched master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University. Lin, C. Y. (2004). Teaching speech acts in high school: An analysis of English Textbooks. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Manke, M. P. (1997). Classroom Power Relations. Understanding Student-Teacher Interaction. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Mao, L. (1994). Beyond politeness theory: ‘Face’ revisited and reviewed. Journal of Pragmatics, 21(5), 451-486. of the speech act performance of learners of Hebrew as a second language. Applied Lingusitics, 3, 29-59. Matsumoto, Y. (1988). Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics, 12, 403-426. Matsumoto, Y. (1989). Politeness and conversational universals: Observations from Japanese. Multilingua, 8, 207-221. Medgyes, P. (1983). The schizophrenic teacher. ELT Journal, 37(1), 2-6. Medgyes, P. (1984). The non-native teacher. Hong Kong: Macmillan. Medgyes, P. (1992). Native or non-native: who’s worth more? ELT Journal, 46(4), 340-349. Mey, J. (2001). Pragmatics: An Introduction (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. Moerman, M. (1988). Talking culture: Ethnography and conversation analysis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Nwoye, O. G. (1992). Linguistic politeness and sociocultural variation of the notion of face. Journal of Pragmatics, 18(4), 309-328. Blum-Kulka, S. (1984). Interpreting and performing speech acts in a second language: a cross-cultural study of Hebrew and English. In N. Wolfson & E. Judd (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition (pp. 36-55). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Oliver, R. T. (1971). Communication and culture in Ancient India and China. New York: Syracuse University Press. Pan, Y. (1995). Power behind linguistic behavior: Analysis of politeness phenomena in Chinese official settings. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 14, 462-481. Pavlidou, T. (1994). Contrasting German-Greek politeness and the consequences. Journal of Pragmatics, 21(5), 487-511. Peng, S. S., & Wright, D. (1994). Explanation of academic achievement of Asian American students. Journal of Educational Research, 87, 346–352. Philips, S. (1972). Participation structures and communicative competence: Warm spring children in community and classroom. In C.B. Cazden, V. P. John & D. Hymes (Eds.), Functions of language in classroom (pp. 370-394). New York: Teacher College Press. Preisler, B. (1986). Linguistic sex roles in conversation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Rintell, E. M., & Candace, J. M. (1989). Studying requests and apologies: An inquiry into method. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, & G. Kasper (Eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies (pp. 370-394). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kapser, G. (1989). Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests Rose, K. R. (1992). Method and scope in cross-cultural speech act research: A contrastive study of requests in Japanese and English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Savignon, S. J. (2002). Interpreting communicative language teaching: Contexts and concerns in teacher education. London: Yale University Press. Scollon, R., & Scollon, S.B. (1995). Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Searle, J. R. (1975). Indirect speech acts. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics: Vol. 3. Speech acts (pp. 59-82). New York: Academic Press. Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Shih, Y.H. (1986). Conversational politeness and foreign language teaching. Taipei: The Crane Publishing Co., Ltd. Sifianou, M. (1992). Politeness phenomena in England and Greece: A cross cultural perspective. Oxford: Clarendon. Su, S. M. (1988). The acquisition of directive in preschool children in pragmatic and syntactic perspectives. Unpublished master’s thesis, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan. Tapper, J. (1994). Directives used in college laboratory oral discourse. English for Specific Purposes, 13, 205-222. Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4, 91-112. Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. Essex: Longman. Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Blum-Kulka, S., & Levenston, E. (1987). Lexical-grammatical pragmatic indicators. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 155-170. Trosborg, A. (1995). Interlanguage pragmatics: Requests, complaints, and apologies. NewYork: Mouton de Gruyter. Tsui, A. B. M. (1985). Analyzing input and interaction in second language classrooms. RELC Journal, 16(1), 8-32. Tsung, T. (2000, October 19). Chinese culture aphasia: Deficiency in English teaching in China. Guangming Daily Newspaper. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/channel7/36/20001019/277800.html Tu, W. (1985). Selfhood and otherness is Confucian thought. In: A. J. Marsella, G. DeVos, & F. L. K. Hsu (Eds.), Culture and self: Asian and Western perspectives (pp. 231-251). New York: Tavistock Publications. Turnbull, W., (1997). An appraisal of pragmatic elicitation techniques for the study of talk. Unpublished manuscript, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. Urano, K. (1999). Teacher input and interaction: Native and non-native speaker teachers in ESL classrooms. Bulletin of the Chubu English Language Education Society, 28, 265-272. Wesche, M. (1994). Input and interaction in second language acquisition. In C. Callaway & B. J. Richards (Eds.), Input and interaction in language acquisition (pp. 219-250). New York: Cambridge University Press. Blum-Kulka, S., & Olshtain, E. (1984). Requests and Apologies: A cross-cultural West, C. (1984). When the doctor is a lady. Symbolic interaction, 7(1), 87-106. West, C. (1990). No just ‘doctors’ orders: Directive-response sequences in patients’ visits to women and men physicians. Discourse and Society, 1(1), 85-112. West, C., & Zimmerman, D. (1983). Small insults: A study of interruptions in cross-sex conversations between unacquainted persons. In B. Thorne, C. Kramarae, & N. Henley (Eds.), Language, Gender and Society (pp.103-117). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Widdowson, H. G. (1978). Teaching language as communication. London: Oxford University Press. Wilkins, D. A. (1976). Notional syllabuses. London: Oxford University Press. Wierzbicka, A. (1985) Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts. Journal of Pragmatics, 9, 145-178. Wierzbicka, A. (1985). A semantic metalanguage for a cross-cultural comparison of speech acts and speech genres. Language in Society, 14, 491-514. study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 196-212. Wierzbicka, A. (1991). Cross-cultural pragmatics: The semantics of human interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Wolfson, N. (1981). Compliments in cross-cultural perspective. TESOL Quarterly, 15(2), 117-124. Wolfson, N. (1983). An empirically based analysis of complimenting in American English. In: N. Wolfson & E. Judd (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language acquisition (pp.82-95). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Wolfson, N. (1989). Perspectives: Sociolinguistics and TESOL. New York: Newbury House. Woods, N. (1989). Talking shop: Sex and status as determinants of floor apportionment in a work setting. In J. Coates & C. Deborah (Eds.). Women in their speech communities (pp. 141-157). London: Longman. Xu, Y. (2003). EFL teacher’s politeness in the classroom: an investigation. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 35(1), 62-69. Bodman, J., & Eisenstein, M. (1988). May god increase you bounty: The expression Yu, K. H. (1996). Pragmatics and teaching English as a foreign language. Studies in Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature, 2, 1-14. Yu, M.C. (1999). Cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics: Developing communicative competence in a second language. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge. Yu, M.C. (1999). Universalistic and culture-specific perspectives on variation in the acquisition of pragmatic competence in a second language. Pragmatics, 9, 281-312. Yu, M.C. (2003). On universality of face: Evidence from Chinese compliment response behavior. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 1679-1710. Yu, M.C. (2004). Interlinguistic variation and similarity in second language speech act behavior. The Modern Language Journal, 88, 102-119. Yu, M.C. (2005). Sociolinguistic competence in the complimenting act of native Chinese and American English speakers: A mirror of cultural value. Language and Speech, 48, 91-119. Yu, M.C. (2006). On the teaching and learning of L2 sociolinguistic competence in classroom settings. Asian EFL Journal, 8(2), 111-131. of gratitude in English by native and non-native speakers. Cross Currents, 15(1), 1-21. Zhang, Y. (1995). Strategies in Chinese requesting. In G. Kasper (Ed.). Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language (pp. 23-68). Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. Zhang, Y. (1995). Indirectness in Chinese requesting. In G. Kasper (Ed.). Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language (pp. 69-118). Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. Bodman, J., & Eisenstein, M. (1993). Expressing gratitude in American English. In G. Kasper & S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics (pp. 64-81). New York: Oxford University Press. Bonikowska, M. (1988). The choice of opting out. Applied Linguistics, 9, 169-184. Boxer, D. (1996). Ethnographic interviewing as a research tool in speech act analysis: The case of complaints. In S.M. Gass & J. Neu (Eds.), Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to communication in a second language (pp. 217-239). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Braine, G. (Ed.). (1999). Non-native educators in English language teaching. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Bresnahan, M. J., Lee, C. L., & Liao, C. C. (1997). Analysis of the Head of the directive speech act: American, Singaporean and Taiwanese English. Studies in English Language and Literature, 2, 47-66. Bresnahan, M. J., & Liao, C. C. (1996). A contrastive pragmatic study on American English and Mandarin refusal strategies. Language Sciences, 18(3-4), 703-727. Brown, H. D. (1994). Teaching by principles: Interactive language teaching methodology. New York: Prentice Hall Regents. Brown, R., & Gilman, A. (1989). Politeness theory and Shakespeare`s four major tragedies. Language in Society, 18, 159-212. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In E. Goody (Ed.), Questions and Politeness (pp. 56-234). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Byon, A. (2004). Sociopragmatic analysis of Korean requests: Pedagogical settings. Journal of Pragmatics, 36(9), 1673-1704. Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to Second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1-47. Cansler, D., & Stiles, W. (1981). Relative status and interpersonal presumptuousness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 459-471. Cazden, C. B. (1988). Classroom discourse: The language of teaching and learning. Portsman, NH: Heinemann. Chaudron, C. (1988). Second language classrooms: Research on teaching and learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chen, J. (1995). Metapragmatic judgements on refusals: Its reliabiljty and consistency. (ERIC Documat Reproduction Service No. ED391381). Chen, H. L. (2005). A Study of Chinese EFL Interlanguage Requests. Unpublished master’s thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan Clancy, P. (1986). The acquisition of communicative style in Japan. In B. Schieffelin & E. Ochs (Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp. 213-250). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational Psychological Measurement, 20, 37-46. Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1985). Research methods in education (2nd ed.). London: Croom Helm. Cohen, A. D., & Olshtain, E. (1983). Apology: A speech act set. In: N. Wolfson & E. Judd (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language acquisition (pp.137-174). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Cohen, A. D., & Olshtain, E. (1993). The production of speech acts by EFL learners. TESOL Quarterly, 27(1), 33-56. Cohen, A. D., & Olshtain, E. (1994). Researching the production of second language speech acts. In: E. T. Tarone, S. M. Gass, & A. D. Cohen (Eds.), Research methodology in second language acquisition (pp.143-156). Norhdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum. Cole, P., & Morgan, J. (Eds.). (1975). Syntax and semantics, vol. 3: Speech acts. New York: Academic Press. Cots, J. M. & Díaz, J. M. (2005). Constructing social relationships and linguistic knowledge through non-native-speaking teacher talk. In E. Llurda (Ed.), Non-native language teachers. Perceptions, challenges and contributions to the profession (pp. 85-105). New York: Springer. Clark, H.H., & Schunk, D.H. (1980). Polite responses to polite requests. Cognition, 8, 111-143. Crystal, D. (1997). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cullen, R. (1998). Teacher talk and the classroom context. English Language Teaching Journal, 52, 179-187. Dalton-Puffer, C., & Nikula, T. (2006). Pragmatics of content-based instruction: teacher and student directives in Finnish and Austrian classrooms. Applied Linguistics, 27(2), 241-267. Davies, A. (1995). Proficiency of the native speaker: what are trying to achieve in ELT? In G. Cook & B. Seidlhofer (Eds.), Principle and practice in applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dillon, J. T. (1988). Questioning and teaching. New York: Teacher College Press. Dore, J. (1977). On them sheriff: A pragmatic analysis of children’s responses to questions. In Ervin-Tripp & Mitchell-Kernan (Eds.), Child discourse (pp. 139-165). Academic Press. Dore, J. (1979). Conversational acts and the acquisition of language. In E. Ochs & B. B. Schieffelin (Eds.), Developmental pragmatics (pp.339-361). New York & London: Academic Press. Edmonson, W. (1981). Spoken discourse: A model for analysis. London: Longman Group Ltd. Ehlich, K., Ide, S., & Watts, R. J. (Eds.). (1992). Politeness in language: Studies in its history, theory and practice. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Ervin-Tripp (1976). “Is Sybil There?” The structure of some American English directives. Language in Society, 5, 25-66. Færch, C., & Kasper, G. (1989). Internal and external modification in interlanguage request realization. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, & G. Kasper (Eds.), Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies (pp. 221-247). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing. Fisherman, P. (1983). Interaction: The work women do. In: B. Thorne, C. Kramarae, & N. Henley (Eds.), Language, Gender and Society (pp. 102-117). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Fraser, B. (1985). On the universality of speech act strategies. In: S. George (Ed.), From the linguistic to the social context (pp. 43-49). Bologna, Italy: CLUEB. Fukushima, S. (2000). Request and Culture: Politeness in British English and Japanese. Berlin: Peter Lang. Garacia, C. (1996). Reprimanding and responding to a reprimand. Journal of Pragmatics, 26, 663-697. Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays of face-to-face behavior. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books. Goffman, E. (1971). Relations in public. New York: Harper & Row. Green, G. (1975). How to get people to do things with words. In: P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics, vol. 3: Speech acts (pp. 107-142). New York: Academic Press. Greis, N. (1985). Towards a better preparation of the non-native ESOL teacher. In On TESOL `84: Selected papers from the 18th Annual Convention of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (pp. 317-324). Washington, DC: TESOL. Gordon, D., & Lakoff, G. (1971) Conversational postulates. In Papers from the seventh regional meeting (pp. 63 -84). Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society. Crystal, D. (1997). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge University Press. Gu, Y. (1990). Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of Pragmatic, 14, 237-257. Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, S. (1996). The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22, 510-543. Gudykunst, W. B., & Mody, B. (Eds.). (2002). Hand book of International and Intercultural Communication (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gumperz, J. J., & Tannen, D. (1979). Individual and social differences in language use. In C. J. Fillmore, D. Kempler, & W. S.-Y. Wang (Eds.), Individual differences in language ability and language behavior (pp. 305-325). New York: Academic Press. Hall, J. K., & Kim, D. (2002). The role of an interactive book reading program in the development of second language pragmatic competence. Modern Language Journal, 86, 332-348. He, A. W. (2000). The grammatical and interactional organization of teachr’s directives: Implications for socialization of Chinese American children. Linguistics and Education, 11, 119-140. Hill, B., Ide, S., Ikuta, S., Kawasaki, A., & Ogino, T. (1986). Universals of linguistic politeness: Quantitative evidence from Japanese and American English. Journal of Pragmatics, 10, 347-371. Hinkel, E. (1997). Appropriateness of advice: DCT and multiple-choice data. Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 1-26. Hirschman, C., & Wong, M. G. (1986). The extraordinary educational attainment of Asian-Americans: A search for historical evidence and explanations. Social |