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    Title: 初期德富蘇峰之「自由」論―以《自由、道德、及儒教主義》為中心―
    `Liberty` in Early TokutomiSoho Thoughts by "Liberty, Moral, and Confucianism"
    Authors: 王薏婷
    Wang, Yi Ting
    Contributors: 小林幸夫
    王薏婷
    Wang, Yi Ting
    Keywords: 德富蘇峰
    自由
    道德
    儒教主義
    平民主義
    TokutomiSoho
    liberty
    moral
    Confucianism
    heiminsyugi
    Date: 2007
    Issue Date: 2009-09-17 16:12:19 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 德富蘇峰於文久三年(1863)生於熊本,追溯他的思想源流,可知其受到橫井實學黨與基督教影響極深,而它們分別代表傳統儒家與近代洋學。儘管蘇峰受到橫井小楠思想強烈的影響,但是他卻不遺餘力地否認、排除自身的儒教思想。因此,可發現蘇峰對西洋自由主義的憧憬,與他強烈批判「儒教主義」的意圖合而為一。
    本文以德富蘇峰的「自由」論為主題,其初期著作《自由、道德、及儒教主義》(明治十七年)為基本史料。在此著作中,蘇峰論述了自由為何、道德為何、自由與道德之關係等問題。因此,筆者擬藉由分析《自由、道德、及儒教主義》之論述,試圖闡明蘇峰如何藉由抨擊「儒教主義」攝取西洋自由論;而在日本文明開化與追求對外獨立發展的時代,蘇峰也富有強烈的國家主義(Nationalism)色彩。再者,此書付梓的明治十七年,時值自由民權運動趨於沒落,明治政府亦在十四年政變後,著手進行反動的儒教主義教育。蘇峰於是在此背景下展開他的「自由」論,因此其「自由」論擁有重視「政治自由」的特質。本文將考察蘇峰是以何種觀點詮釋、攝取啓蒙主義和自由民權運動的自由論,進而形成自己獨特的「自由」論。
    藉由分析《自由、道德、及儒教主義》一書,可理解蘇峰的「自由」論是以批判「儒教主義」為主,並欲創造出具備「盡職分」的新道德之「平民」。在闡明西洋自由論和日本自由論之後,可發現此點既是蘇峰「自由」論的最大特質。
    TokutomiSoho was born in Kumamoto in the third year of Bunkyu. His thoughts could be traced back to YOKOI JITSUGAKU PARTY(橫井實學黨)and Christianity. Although he was deeply influenced by YokoiShonan(橫井小楠), TokutomiSoho actually had spared no effort to deny “Confucianism”. Therefore, his longing for Western liberalism was integrated with the animadvertion of “Confucianism”.
    This thesis based on TokutomiSoho’s early essay -“Liberty, Moral, and Confucianism”, will focus on his thoughts on“Liberty”. In the essay, he discussed “what is Liberty, what is Moral, and the relations between those two”. Thus, by analyzing the “Liberty, Moral, and Confucianism” , I’d like to examine the ‘Liberty’ in early TokutomiSoho’s thoughts and how he absorbed Western liberalism with the criticism of “Confucianism”. Also, during the ages of Japan’s Civilization and Enlightenment(文明開化) and its regaining independence, TokutomiSoho’s thoughts somehow contained Nationalism in the early stage. The essay aforementioned was written in the seventeenth year of Meiji, given the background that Japan’s Freedom and People’s Rights Movement(自由民權運動) tended to decline, while at the same time its government embarked on reactionary education of Confucianism after the cope in the fourteenth year of Meiji ,consequently his thoughts on ‘Liberty’ contained the characteristic of ‘political liberty’. This thesis examines how TokutomiSoho interpreted, and assimilated ‘Liberty’ from Enlightenment(啓蒙主義) and Freedom and People’s Rights Movement, and further, formed his own thoughts on ‘Liberty’.
    By analyzing the “Liberty, Moral, and Confucianism”, I cleared that TokutomiSoho’s ‘Liberty’ is mainly developed under his criticism of “Confucianism”. His intention was to cultivate ‘people’ (平民) by new moral, that is , ‘exertion of the duty’. After expounding Western liberalism and Japanese liberalism, the idea that new moral is the characteristic of the ‘Liberty’ in TokutomiSoho’s thoughts and is also the restriction of that can be found.
    Reference: 一、中文
    (1) 柏林(Isaiah Berlin)著,陳曉林譯。《自由四論》。台北:聯經出版,1989。
    (2) 楊國榮。《王學通論─從王陽明到熊十力─》。台北:五南書局,1997。
    (3) 李永熾。《日本近代思想論文集》。台北:稻鄉出版,1998。
    (4) 盧梭著,徐百齊譯。《社約論》。台北:商務印書館,1999。
    (5) 周天令。《朱子道德哲學研究》。台北:文津出版社,1999。
    (6) 張玉燕譯。《勸學》。台北:聯合文學,2003。
    (7) 彌爾著,郭志嵩譯。《論自由》。台北:城邦文化,2004。
    (8) 薛清江。《盧梭與彌爾自由理論之詮釋與比較》。台中:東海大學哲學研究所
    博士論文,2004。
    (9) 劉岳兵主編。《明治儒學與近代日本》。上海:上海古籍出版,2005。
    二、日文
    (一)史料
    I. 德富蘇峰
    (1) 並木仙太郎‧田中幸二郎編、『現代日本文学全集第4巻 徳富蘇峰集』、東京:
    改造社、1930。
    (2) 明治文献資料刊行会編、『国民之友 複製版』1號(明20.2)-8號(明20.9);
    1巻9號(明20.10)-23巻372號(明31.8)、東京:明治文献、1966-1968。
    (3) 徳富蘇峰、『近代日本思想大系8 徳富蘇峰集』、東京:筑摩書房、1978。
    (4) 花立三郎‧杉井六郎‧和田守編、『同志社大江義塾 徳富蘇峰資料集』、東 京:三一書房、1978。
    (5) 徳富蘇峰、『明治文学全集34 徳富蘇峰集』、東京:筑摩書房、1984。
    (6) 隅谷三喜男、『德富蘇峰‧山路愛山』、東京:中央公論社、1984。
    (7) 和田守‧有山輝雄編、『民友社思想文学叢書全六卷別卷一 徳富蘇峰民友社関係資料集』、東京:三一書房、1986。
    II. 傳記
    (1) 徳富蘇峰、『蘇峰自伝』、東京:中央公論社、1935。
    (2) 早川喜代治、『徳富蘇峰』、徳富蘇峰伝記編纂会、1968。
    III. 其他
    (1) 中村正直「自由之理」、『明治文化全集第二卷 自由民權篇』。
    (2) 井上毅伝記編纂委員会編、「儒教ヲ存ス」『井上毅傳 史料篇三』、東京:
    国学院大学図書館、1969。
    (3) 中江兆民、『近代日本思想大系3 中江兆民』、東京:筑摩書房、1974。
    (4) 日本弘道會編、『西村茂樹全集1』、東京:思文閣、1976。
    (5) 日本史籍協會編、『横井小楠関係史料2』、東京大学出版會、1977。
    (6) 松本三之介編、『明治思想集I』、東京:筑摩書房、1980。
    (7) 山室信一等校注、『明六雜誌』、東京:岩波書店、1999。
    (8) 慶応大学出版会編、『福澤諭吉著作集5』、東京:慶応大学出版会、2004。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    日本語文學系碩士班
    95556010
    96
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095556010
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Japanese] Theses

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