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    Title: 研究生玩興、幽默、創意態度、所知覺系所創造氛圍與創造力之關係
    Authors: 曾敬梅
    Contributors: 吳靜吉
    曾敬梅
    Keywords: 玩興
    幽默
    創意態度
    創造氛圍
    創造力
    創意生活經驗
    創新行為
    Date: 2001
    Issue Date: 2009-09-17 14:55:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 國立政治大學九十學年度第二學期碩士論文摘要
    院系所組別：教育學系研究所教育心理與輔導組
    論文題目：研究生玩興、幽默、創意態度，所知覺系所創造氛圍與創造力的關係
    指導教授：吳靜吉博士 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 研究生：曾敬梅


    【論文摘要】


    創造力與創新是人類行為表現中非常重要的一環。從個人問題解決的能力、科技的更新發展到社會文化與組織的改革與創新，無不與人類的創造力息息相關。創造力的研究是未來的趨勢，創造力受到哪些因素影響?哪些對台灣而言是特別重要卻受到忽視的?
    台灣近年來由教育部與國科會所支持的研究案中，有許多與創造力相關，範圍涵括了內涵、課程教學及教材研發等。2002年元月公布之「創造力政策白皮書」，願景「打造一個創造力的國度」，培養終身學習、勇於創造的生活態度，累積豊碩厚實，鼓勵創新的學習環境，形成活潑多樣，積極分享的文化氛圍。同時為因應知識經濟時代的來臨，社會趨勢產生的劇變宣示了人類知識需不斷創新與發展，創造力的提倡同時配合當前教育政策，例如：九年一貫課程綱要中以「創造力」為一能力指標，教育強調單向灌輸傳統角色必須改變，實施創造力教育，培養學生創造及實踐的能力，促使學習者在動態的環境中仍能主動學習，在學習中得到快樂，在求知中成長。
    影響創造力的因素很多，就台灣的環境而言，不論在工作或學習的場合，總是過份認真，不重視玩興，也缺乏幽默感，學習及工作之外所有具玩興表現的行為都被視為不務正業。這樣的態度為扼殺創造力的主因， 玩興與幽默是一種對創意的積極態度，擁有這種人格特質的人較能接受新的觀念產生，正面的創意態度將有助於擴散性思考能力及創造性問題解決。創造力並非有或無(all or none)，只是程度的問題，同時受到遺傳及環境之影響，了解影響環境及組織中創造力表現的因素，增加助力，減少阻力是必要且重要的。依Csikzenmihyli的觀點，守門人如何看待創造力會影響創造氛圍，整個社會是否注重創造氛圍決定了創意表現。玩興、幽默; 創意態度與大學生、研究生所知覺到的系所創造氛圍如何影響其創造力表現?本研究所得結果如下：
    根據本研究的結果與討論提出以下幾點結論：
    一、研究生的玩興感受：
    台灣研究生大都認為自已「還算有」玩興的感受。最常出現的是「熱情分享，帶動氣氛」、「內在動機，樂在工作」、「冒險嚐新，多元體驗」。
    研究生的「玩興感受」幾乎都與創造力表現有顯著相關。「創意生活經驗」總量表與「態度輕鬆 充滿樂趣」、「天真浪漫 無拘無束」、「幽默風趣 自娛娛人」相關最高，創新行為與「內在動機，樂在工作」相關最高。
    二、研究生表現玩興強的活動
    研究生較少從事表現玩興的活動，無論男女、碩博士班或各系所都最常從事「閱讀研究，靜態參與」一項。整體而言，研究生較少從事「親自體驗、創作展演」的活動。
    三、研究生的幽默感
    研究生不常表現「幽默創造」，幽默創造表現在一般生活創造及社交場合創造的情況差不多；若以「幽默因應」及「幽默感」兩向度，則大致上同意自已是有幽默感的，且較常表現在「困境因應」，「一般生活因應」的幽默顯著地少。幽默感則是「後設訊息」優於「喜歡」。
    研究生「幽默」幾乎都與創造力有顯著相關，「創意生活經驗」與「創新行為」總量表都與「社交場合創造」、「後設認知」相關最高。
    四、研究生的創意態度
    研究生幾乎是「非常同意」自已「重視新觀念」, 且不同意他們對觀念產生態度是消極的。
    研究生的「創意態度」幾乎都與創造力表現有顯著相關。「創意生活經驗」與「創新行為」總量表都與「重視新觀念」相關最高。
    五、研究生所知覺的系所創造氛圍
    研究生大致上同意系所具有良好的創造氛圍，特別是「思考時間」、「想法支持」、「挑戰」。
    研究生所知覺的系所創造氛圍幾乎都與創造力表現有顯著相關。「創意生活經驗」總量表與「信任 開放」、「思考時間」、「自由」相關最高，創新行為與「自由」、「玩興 幽默」、「挑戰 動機」相關最高。
    六、研究生的創意生活經驗
    本研究的結果發現，台灣地區研究生的「創意生活經驗」不太多，只有「運用新知精益求精」的經驗偏向「有時有」。女生比男生更多「表演藝術創新」「製造驚喜意外」、「開放心胸」、「生活風格的變化」、「視覺生活的設計」的經驗；男生則較具有「科學的創新的問題解決」、「電腦程式設計」的經驗。理、工、醫、農系所的研究生較文、法商、教育系所研究生有較多「運用新知精益求精」、「科學的創新的問題解決」、「電腦程式設計」的經驗；藝術、傳播系所「生活風格的變化」、「視覺生活的設計」、「表演藝術的創新」的經驗。
    七、研究生的創新行為
    研究生的「創新行為」平均數頗高（M=3.11），大部份人覺得自已「還算符合」具有「創新行為」的陳述。碩士班比博士班認為自已具有創新行為。理、工、醫、農系所的研究生較文、法商、教育系所研究生認為自已具有創新行為。

    八、以性別而言：
    (1) 玩興：在六個因素上差異都達顯著；女生比男生更認為自已具有「熱情分享，帶動氣氛」、「態度輕鬆，充滿樂趣」、「幽默風趣，自娛娛人」、「天真浪漫，無拘無束」的特質，男生則認為自已具有「內在動機，樂在工作」、「冒險嚐新，多元體驗」。
    (2) 表現玩興的活動：不論男女、碩博士班或各系所都最常從事「閱讀研究，靜態參與」一項，(包括：「閱讀」、「解決問題」、「學術研究討論或相關活動」及「觀賞展演」)；整體而言，研究生較少從事「親自體驗，創作展演」的活動，(包括：「創作」與「表演」)，女生較男生認為自已更常從事這樣的活動。
    (3) 幽默：女生比男生更認為自已具有幽默感。在「一般因應」、「困境因應」、 「一般生活創造」、「社交場合創造」和「喜歡」上都差異都顯著高於男生
    (4) 創意態度：性別在「重視新觀念」上達顯著；男生比女生更認為自已「重視新觀念」。
    (5) 創意生活經驗：女生比男生更多「表演藝術創新」「製造驚喜意外」、「開放心胸」、「生活風格的變化」、「視覺生活的設計」的經驗；男生則較具有「科學的創新的問題解決」、「電腦程式設計」的經驗。
    (6) 男生比女生認為自已具有創新行為。
    九、以就學層級而言：
    (1)玩興：「內在動機，樂在工作」上有顯著差異，博士班研究生比碩士班研究生更認為自已有「內在動機，樂在工作」的特質。
    (2)創造氛圍：博士班研究生比碩士班研究生更認為系所的創造氛圍是「挑戰」及「辯論」的，碩士班則傾向同意「思考時間」及「想法支持」。
    (3)創新行為：碩士班比博士班認為自已具有創新行為。
    十、以系所而言：
    (1) 玩興：理、工、醫、農系所的研究生相較文、法商、教育系所研究生認為自已「冒險嚐新，多元體驗」；法商系所研究生較其他系所認為自已「熱情分享，帶動氣氛」、「內在動機，樂在工作」；藝術、傳播系所則是「態度輕鬆，充滿樂趣」、「天真浪漫、無拘無束」。
    (2) 幽默：藝術、傳播系所比其他系所在社交場合上更具幽默感，法商學院學生較認同自已的幽默感表現在後設認知上。
    (3) 創意態度：在「觀念產生的消極態度」與「團隊創意」上有顯著差異，理、工、醫、農系所的研究生較文、法商、教育系所研究生更重視「團隊創意」。藝術類別的人對創意有較少的消極態度。
    (4) 創造氛圍：理、工、醫、農系所的研究生較文、法商、教育系所研究生認為系所有「思考時間」且能有「風險承擔」；法商系所研究生知覺系所「信任/ 開放」、「辨論」及「挑戰」；藝術、傳播系所則是「玩興、幽默」、「生動活潑」。
    (5) 創意生活經驗：理、工、醫、農系所的研究生較文、法商、教育系所研究生有較多「運用新知精益求精」、「科學的創新的問題解決」、「電腦程式設計」的經驗；藝術、傳播系所「生活風格的變化」、「視覺生活的設計」、「表演藝術的創新」的經驗。
    (6) 創新行為：理、工、醫、農系所的研究生較文、法商、教育系所研究生認為自已具有創新行為。
    十一、研究生玩興、幽默、創意態度、所知覺系所氛圍與創意生活經驗、創新行為之典型相關分析
    認同自已常有「態度輕鬆，充滿樂趣」、「幽默風趣，自娛娛人」、「天真浪漫，無拘無束」的玩興感受，把幽默表現在「困境因應」、「一般生活因應」、「一般生活創造」，知覺到系所氛圍是「玩興幽默」、「生動活潑」的人，有較多「運用新知，精益求精」、「表演藝術的創新」、「開放心胸」、「製造意外的驚喜」的創意生活經驗及「創新行為」。
    認同自已有「內在動機，樂在工作」的玩興感受，常從事「閱讀研究，靜態參與」、「親自體驗，創作展演」等活動，使用「後設訊息」處理幽默，重視新觀念，且知覺系所具有「風險承擔」、「信任/開放」、「思考時間」、「想法支持」、「挑戰」、且較少「衝突」的研究生有較多「科學的問題解決」、「運用新知，精益求精」、「舊瓶新裝」、「電腦程式設計」的經驗。
    較覺得自已有「熱情分享，帶動氣氛」、「冒險嚐新，多元體驗」的玩興感受，常從事「人際互動」、「旅行戶外活動」活動，將幽默表現在「社交場合創造」，較不具「創意產生的消極態度」重視「團隊創意」及知覺到系所的「衝突」較少的人常有「運用新知，精益求精」、「視覺生活設計」、「生活風格的變化」、「開放心胸」、「製造驚喜意外」、「舊瓶新裝」的創意生活經驗及「創新行為」。
    具有「創意產生的消極態度」且知覺到系所的「衝突」多的研究生具有較少的「科學的創新的問題解決」、「運用新知精益求精」、「電腦程式設計」經驗及「創新行為」。
    十二、以研究生個人特質與環境因素預測創造力的假設
    以個人特質為自變項，創意生活經驗為依變項進行逐步迴歸，以「玩興」的解釋力為最大；以個人特質為自變項，創新行為為依變項進行逐步迴歸，「玩興」、「創意態度」的解釋力較大。
    以個人特質與環境的交互作用為自變項，創意生活經驗為依變項進行逐步迴歸，發現以台灣研究生而言，所知覺的系所創造氛圍可十分有效地預測創意生活經驗；在對創新行為的預測力上，「玩興」與「創造氛圍」有交互作用，玩興高的研究生會因為知覺到愈高的創造氛圍而表現愈多的創新行為。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    教育研究所
    9152030
    90
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0089152030
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Education] Theses

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