Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32847
|
Title: | 論專門職業組織型態選擇--以英美有限責任合夥法制為中心 Limited Liability Partnership─Learning From the US Mode |
Authors: | 張維倩 Chang, Wei-Chien |
Contributors: | 黃立 張維倩 Chang, Wei-Chien |
Keywords: | 有限責任合夥 有限合夥 有限責任企業 有限責任有限合夥 專門職業 合夥 合夥協議 有限公司 替代責任 直接責任 法律實體 監管責任 Limited Liability Partnership, LLP Limited Partnership, LP Limited Liability Company, LLC Limited Liability Limited Partnership, LLLP professional partnership Partnership Agreement close corporation vicarious liability direct liability, personal liability legal entity supervisory liability |
Date: | 2005 |
Issue Date: | 2009-09-17 14:34:37 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 專門職業過去向以其負擔無限責任豎立專業形象,然英美等大型訴訟的發生反使得專業人士成了求償的「深口袋」,這正是英美有限責任合夥制度產生的濫觴。
英美的有限責任合夥立法初衷,係為律師、會計師等專業人士承擔無限責任尋求解套的途徑,而面對我國專門職業者如律師、會計師等,亦遭遇大案,面臨無限責任沈重負擔之際,本論文嘗試從英美法制,尤其是以美國法制為著眼點,尋求制度引進的可行性。事實上令專業負有限責任,在美國尚可組成專業公司或有限責任企業,然此兩種制度除了稅制考量外,也較偏向公司經營管理,甚至因為可以公開招募而容易觸動聯邦證券交易法的干預,也因此,有限責任合夥延續舊有合夥法律關係的組織特性,廣受傳統上以合夥成立的專業組織所青睞。
以美國有限責任合夥法制而言,其本質為合夥,因此其優勢為保有合夥諸多彈性自由的管理規則,賦予合夥人廣大的協議空間,另一方面使合夥人僅負有限責任,免除無限責任的負累,然反面觀之,其最爭議者在於債權人保護的疑慮,美國於2001年爆發恩隆弊案,涉案的安達信會計師事務所正是於伊利諾州註冊登記為有限責任合夥,有限責任合夥在恩隆案中於是受到前所未有的考驗,事實上在美國各州,也透過保險、獨立基金的設置甚至揭開面紗法則適用不同程度保障債權人。
相較之下,英國的有限責任合夥法制,則以公司法為其內涵,因此有限責任合夥法受到更多的管理與限制,除了內部管理沿襲合夥的規定外,在事務執行及破產清算等,均需依循公司法規的管制,在債權人保護上英國法則直接在其有限責任合夥法規定成員擔保及資產取回的機制。
本文認為在立法走向上,得借鏡美國法制,另立新法,使有限責任合夥維持其合夥本質,並賦予法人格,且加強債權人保護之配套措施,期能提供專業組織架構的另一選擇。 Professionals such as accountants and lawyers used to keep its reputation by taking unlimited liability. However, such unlimited liability makes these professionals to be deep pockets, as the result of the frequent lawsuits in recent years. Due to this reason, adopting limited liability partnership (LLP) seems to be the solution.
LLP is a form of doing business, combining the feature of a limited corporation and the flexibility of a general partnership. LLP in United Kingdom and United States all granted the privilege of limited liability to the innocent partners, also keeping their personal assets apart from the creditors’ claim.
LLP is available to all types of business in UK; however, in some US states, the LLP is only available to specific licensed professionals.
Because of the character of the limited liability, protecting the interest of the creditors would be the most significant problem. To solve this dilemma, US adopt several methods such as using the insurance, doctrine of piercing the veil and creating the asset segregation to balance the interest between the professionals and the creditors. In UK, the company law and insolvency law all tried to cover LLP, in order to keep the LLP’s assets as a guarantee to creditors; such laws also request to disclose important business information of prospective risks to the public. Besides, both UK and US laws require the word “LLP” must be specified in the name of any LLP organizations.
In 2001, the Enron scandal was a shock to the world. Arthur Andersen, a well known LLP accounting firm which provides dishonest service for Enron, has triggered the debate of whether LLP is still appropriate. Therefore, my study is going to analyze the pros and cons of LLP in the following chapter.
Because of the unlimited liability is the only choice for professionals in Taiwan, we are going to learn from the UK and US laws. As for my conclusion, it is necessary enact an LLP Act to provide an alternative to the professionals. |
Reference: | 一、中文資料 (一)中文專書(依姓名筆畫排列) 1. 王澤鑑,民法總則,2001年2月。 2. 王文宇,公司法論,2005年8月。 3. 史尚寬,債法各論,民國56年。 4. 李時珍,經濟學原理,1996年8月。 5. 邱聰智,新訂債法各論(下),2003年7月。 6. 柯芳枝,公司法論(上),2003年增訂5版。 7. 高添富,醫師責任與保險法制之研究,2002年 4月。 8. 黃立,民法債編總論,1999年10月。 9. 黃立主編,民法債編各論(下),2002年7月。 10. 鄭玉波,民法債編各論(下),民國86年。 11. 賴源河,股東會,新修正公司法解析,2002年3月,元照出版。 12. 賴源河,實用商事法精義,五南圖書,83年9月。 13. 謝登隆,個體經濟理論與應用,2000年2月。 14. 薛波主編,元照英美法辭典,2003年五月。 (二)中文期刊論文(依姓名筆畫排列) 1. 方嘉麟,論資本三原則理論體系之內在矛盾,政大法學評論,59期,1998年6月。 2. 方嘉麟,公司收回自己股份法律效果之研究,政大法學評論,75期,92年9月。 3. 王文宇,物權法定原則與物權債權區分—兼論公示登記制度,民商法理論與經濟分析(二),元照出版,2003年。 4. 王文宇,商業組織之核心法則—以公司、合夥、信託為例,新公司與企業法,元照出版,2003年1月。 5. 王文宇,、林仁光,公司資本制度與股票面額之研究,月旦法學雜誌,73期,2001年6月。 6. 王文宇,<企業組織之核心法則—以公司、信託、合夥為例>,《法令月刊》,第54卷第6期。 7. 王仁宏,有限公司債權人與少數派股東之保護的現行法檢討及立法修正建議,台大法學論叢,第21卷第2期,1992年8月。 8. 王仁宏,有限公司債權人與少數派股東之保護的現行法檢討及修正建議,台大法學論叢,21卷2期,1992年8月。 9. 李念祖,<律師制度改革應有的議題>,《律師雜誌》,第275期。 10. 李忠雄, <法律事務所之經營(上)(中)(下)>, 《月旦法學雜誌》,第29期,1997年10月。 11. 李忠雄,法律事務所之經營,月旦法學雜誌,第29期,1997年10 月。 12. 李鴻毅,土地法論, 86年增訂版。 13. 呂太郎,所謂非法人團體之權利能力,台灣本土法學雜誌,第3期,1999年8月。 14. 吳貞慧,「會計師事務所組織型態之研究—執業會計師的看法」,台大會研所碩士論文,1998年6月。 15. <杜邦公司管理員工操守的內控制度-四道防線讓舞弊無從滋生>,《商業周刊》,第942期,2005年12月18日。 16. 林桓,<設立公司型態律師事務所之可行性初探>,《律師雜誌》,第275期。 17. 林國全,<有限公司法制應修正方向之探討>,《月旦法學雜誌》,90期,2002年11月。 18. 林國全,現行有限公司法制解析,政大法學評論,第73期,92年3月。 19. 林潔儀,選定地方法律業務的有限法律責任合夥模式及法律責任上限法例,2005年3月。 20. 林仁光,資本維持原則之重新檢視,台灣本土法學,91年4月,頁47-60。 21. 林明華,公司法「有限公司」之檢討法令月刊,34卷2期,1983年。 22. 邱聰智,合夥人責任與求償權,「固有法制與當代民事法學」,戴東雄教授六秩華誕祝壽論文集,三民書局,民86年。 23. 周志誠,台灣會計師法律責任之實證研究,會計師會訊,第202期,2000年。 24. 國外保險要聞,再保資訊,第192期,2002年5月。 25. 黃立、陳立夫合著,公寓大廈或社區管理委員會得否登記為房地產所有人的問題,人與地雜誌,87年5月號。 26. 黃三榮,<論我國律師事務所現有型態之檢討及未來型態之展望──為律師事務所法人化催生>,《律師雜誌》,第197期。 27. 黃銘傑,<從公司監控之觀點論會計師民事責任制度改革之方向與作法>,《公開發行公司法制與公司監控》,2001年。 28. 曾宛如,資本三原則之檢討,英國法與我國法之比較,國科會專題計畫A類,2003年8月-2004年7月。 29. 馮震宇,論公司法修正對公司資本三原則之影響,全國律師,90年12月,頁33-50。 30. <會計師與企業進入信任危機時代>,商業周刊,2004年8月16日。 31. 楊君仁,論有限公司之退夥與除名及其法政策上之建議,中原財經法學,第5期,89年7月。 32. 經濟部委託萬國法律基金會,「有限合夥法暨有限責任合夥法之研究」期末報告,2005年12月。 33. 經濟部工業局,我國產業之租稅金融政策研究—「兩稅合一」後產業租稅政策之研究,中華經濟研究院90年度專案計畫執行成果報告,2001年12 月31日。 34. 劉孔中,專門職業解除管制及競爭規範之研究,律師雜誌,第141期。 35. 劉渝生,從歐體一、四、十二號指令論我國有限公司之立法,歐美月刊,1994年9月。 36. 劉渝生,公司資本與資本三原則,法學研究,第16期,2003年4月。 37. 劉渝生,中德資合公司合併問之研究,公司法修正相關議題研討會,2001年12月31日。 38. 劉渝生,德、美公司法制體制與特色,東海法學研究,第15期,2000年11月。 39. 劉公偉,公司法有限責任經濟分析,台大法研所碩士論文,民國89年。 40. 錢國成,合夥財產與求償權,法令月刊,第22卷,第12期,頁10。 41. 錢國成,合夥人之退夥及加入,法令月刊,第24卷,第11期。 42. 謝易宏,論非公司型企業組織,東吳法律學報,第17卷第1期,2005年8月。 43. 藍雅清,律師民事責任之研究,台大法研所碩士論文,2002年。 (三)中文網路資訊(依字母筆畫排列) 1. 中華民國統計諮詢網,http://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=11218&ctNode=1747,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月29日。 2. 中國民商法律網-判解研究,http://www.civillaw.com.cn/weizhang/default.asp?id=18675,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月4日。 3. 合夥企業能給安達信的1750名合夥人帶來多少保護,國際金融報,2002年04月22日,http://www.gog.com.cn/xb/x0204/ca146902.htm,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月1日。 4. 安達信會計所為恩隆案支付6000萬美元和解費,2002年8月29日,http://news.eastday.com/epublish/big5/paper148/20020829/class014800011/hwz755449.htm,最後瀏覽日期:2006年1月1日。 5. 李學堯,這是一個職業危機的時代嗎?——後職業時期,美國律師研究的評述,http://www.law-thinker.com/,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月27日。 6. 孫玉榮,有限合夥的概念與國外立法探析,http://www.bjpopss.gov.cn/bjpopss/cgjj/cgjj20050426.htm.zh,最後瀏覽日期2005年12月5日。 7. 高添富,醫師責任保險,醫事法學論文集,第1輯,http://www.drkao.com/library/9/chap5-2.htm ,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月5日。 8. 高添富,美國醫師責任保險之研究,醫事法學論文集,第1輯,http://www.drkao.com/library/9/chap5-3.htm ,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月15日。 9. 博達案-法院:葉素菲從事假交易罪證確鑿,奇摩新聞,http://tw.news.yahoo.com/,(最後瀏覽日期2005年12月12日)。 10. 博達案假進貨真洗錢,檢調搜索原料供應商,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/4/9/9/n654825.htm, 11. 會計資訊系統教學網站,http://ais.idv.tw/index. htm,最後瀏覽日期2005年11月25日。 12. 傳恩隆破產前曾向華府求救,自由時報,2002年1月12日星期六,http://www.libertytimes.com. tw/2002/new/jan/12/today-int1.htm,(最後瀏覽日期:2005年9月15日)。 13. 蔡彥卿等著,<會計師之執業責任保險>,《證券暨期貨管理》,第21卷第5期,http://www.sfb.gov.tw/reference/magazine/9205/ss1c.doc,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月19日。 14. 劉燕,關於國內外會計師事務所組織形式立法的研究,中國註冊會計師協會:http://www.cicpa.org.cn, 最後瀏覽日期:2005年10月16日。 15. 劉燕,「職業利益籠罩下的法律制度革新-對英國有限責任合夥法的一個評述」,法律教育網,www.chinalaw edu.com,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月6日。 16. 劉燕,英國有限責任合夥的法律特徵,中國財經報 財會世界http://www.e521.com/cksj/7/0418155125.htm,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月12日。 17. 簽到地雷股一生歸零,會計師律師財產信託,http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/5/4/8/n882266.htm,最後瀏覽日期:2005年10月28日。 18. 醜聞-美國財經界911事件,理財周刊,第227期,http://fn.yam.com/fninfo/php/article. php/230573,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月17日。 19. 關鍵三十天,火線三十小時,埔心社教站,http://village.gov.tw/webnew/376476700008/upload/ maway/88-02.html, 最後瀏覽日期2005年10月4日。 20. <簽到地雷股一生歸零,會計師律師財產信託>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/5/4/8/n882266.htm ,最後瀏覽日期2005年10月4日。 二、英文資料 (一)英文專書(依字母筆畫排列) 1. Alan R. Bromberg & Larry E. Ribsein, Bromberg and Ribstein on Limited Liability Partnership, the Revised Uniform Partnership Act, and the Uniform Limited Partnership Act 2001 (2005). 2. A.L.Diamond in Orhnia(Ed.), Limited Liability and the corporation[J], (1982) . 3. Brian R. Cheffins, Company Law : Theory, Struture, and Operation (1997). 4. George Sharswood, An Essay on Professional Ethics (1999, reprint of 5th ed 1884). 5. Hamilton, Corporations Including Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies, (7th ed. 2001). 6. Jesse H. Choper, John C. Coffee, Ronald J. Gilson, Case and Material on Corporations (2000). 7. Larry E. Ribstein & Robert R. Keatinge, Ribstrin & Eeatinge on Limited Liability Companies (2002). 8. Robert W. Hamilton, The Law of Corporations in a Nutshel (2000). 9. Richard A. Posner, Economic Analysis of Law (1998) 10. Robert W. Hamilton, Cases and Material on Corporations (including Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies), 106(7th ed. 2001) 11. Robert E. Keeton & Alan I. Widiss, Insurance Law (1988). 12. Robert W. Wood, Limited Liability Companies, Formation, Operation, and Conversion (2d ed. 2001). 13. Phillip I. Blumberg, The Law of Corporate Groups : Procedural Procedural Problems in the Law of Parent and Subsidiary Corporations (1983). 14. William A. Klein & John C. Coffee, JR., Business Organization and Finance-Legal and Economic Principles (2002). 15. William C.Boynton, Raymond N.Johnson & Walter G.Kell, Modern Auditing (1996). (二)英文期刊(依字母筆畫排列) 1. Allan W. Vestal, Special Ethical and Fiduciary Challenges for Law Firms under the New and Revised Unincorporated Business Forms, 39 S. Tex. L. Rev. 445 (1998). 2. Armen A. Alchian & Harold Demsetz, Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization, 62 Am. Econ. Rev. 777 (1972). 3. Andrew S. Hanen & Jett Hanna, Legal Malpractice Insurance : Exclusions, Selected Coverage and Consumer Issues, 33 S. Tex. L.Rev. 75 (1992). 4. Amalia D. Kessler, Limited Liability In Context: Lessons from the French Origins of the American Limited Partnership, 32 J. Legal Stud. 511 (2003). 5. Accounting Firms Reorganize to Limit Liability, L.A. TIMES, Aug. 2, 1994. 6. Anonymous, Liability Costs Hurt Small Business, Says PCPS Survey, Journal of Accountancy, Vol.176, 4, (1993). 7. Carol R. Goforth, The Rise of The Limited Liability Company: Evidence of a Race Between The States, But Heading Where, 45 Syracuse L. Rev. 1193(1995). 8. Carter G. Bishop, Unincorporated Limited Liability Business Organizations: Limited Liability Companies and Partnerships, 29 Suffolk U. L. Rev. 985 (1995). 9. Carol R. Goforth, Limiting the Liability of General Partners in LLPs: An Analysis of Statutory Alternatives, 75 Or. L. Rev. 1139 (1996). 10. Carr & Mathewson, The Economics of Law Firms : A Study in the Legal Organization of the Firm, 33 J.L. & Econ. 307 (1990). 11. Covaleski, John M., Insurance Price Ease, as Risks Rise, Accounting Technology, Vol.14, 2 (1998). 12. David L. Cohen, Theories of the Corporation and the Limited Liability Company: How Should Courts and Legislatures Articulate Rules for Piercing the Veil, Fiduciary Responsibility and Securities Regulation for the Limited Liability Company?, 51 Okla. L. Rev. 427 (1998). 13. Dzienkowski, Legal Malpractice and the Multi-state Law Firm : Supervision of Multi-state Offices ; Firms as Limited Liability Partnerships ; and Predispute Agreements to Arbitrate Client Malpractice Claims, 36 S. Tex. L. Rev. 967 (1995). 14. Dennis J. Horan & George W. Spellmire, JR., Attorney Malpractice : Prevention and Defence, 22 (1989). 15. Donna K.H. Walters, New Liability Twist Has Lawyers, Accountants Scurrying, L.A. Times, Mar. 29 (1992). 16. Donald C. Langevoort & Robert K. Rasmussen, Skewing the Results: The Role of Lawyers in Transmitting Legal Rules, 5 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. 375 (1997). 17. Deborah L. Rhode & Paul D. Paton, Lawyers, Ethics, and Enron, 8 Stan. J. L. Bus. & Fin. 9 (2002). 18. Edward L. Rubin, The Phenomenology of Contract: Complex Contracting in the Entertainment Industry, 152 J. Institutional & Theoretical Econ. 123 (1996). 19. Eugene Kandel & Edward P. Lazear, Peer Pressure and Partnerships, 100 J. Pol. Econ. 801 (1992). 20. Elizabeth H. Gorman, Moving Away From "Up or Out": Determinants of Permanent Employment in Law Firms, 33 Law & Soc`y Rev. 637 (1999). 21. Ellen R. Jordan & Paul H. Rubin, An Economic Analysis of the Law of False Advertising, 8 J. Legal Stud. 527 (1979). 22. Fallany O. Stover, Susan Pace Hamill, The LLC Versus LLP Conundrum: Advice for Businesses Contemplating The Choice, 50 Ala. L. Rev. 813 (1999). 23. Fama & Jensen, Agency Problems and Residual Claims, 26 J.L. & Econ. 327 (1983). 24. Fishel Use of Modern Finance Theory in Securities Fraud Cases Involving Actively Traded Securities, 38 Bus. Law. 1 (1982). 25. Easterbrook & Fischel, Voting in Corporate Law, 26 J.L. & Econ. 395 (1983). 26. Frank H. Easterbrook & Daniel R. Fiscchel, Limited Liability and the Corporation, 52 U. Chi. L.Rev. 89 (1985). 27. Frank Partnoy, Barbarians at the Gatekeepers?: A Proposal for a Modified Strict Liability Regime, 79 Wash. U. L.Q. 491 (2001). 28. Fortney, High Drama and Hindsight : The LLP Shield, Post-Andersen, 12 Bus. Law Today, Jan. Feb.(2003). 29. Gilson & Kraakman, the Mechanisms of Market Efficiency, 70 VA. L. Rev. 549 (1984). 30. Hamilton, Registered LimitedLiability Partnerships : Present at the Birth, 66 U. Colo. L. Rev. 1065(1995). 31. Halpern, Trebilcock & Turnbull, an Economic Analysis of Limited Liability in Corporation Law, 30 U. Toronto L.J. 117 (1980). 32. Henry Hansmann & Reinier Kraakman, The Essential Role of Organizational Law, 110 Yale L.J. 387 (2000). 33. Insitute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales, Joint and Several Liability ── Finding a Fair Solution, para. 49 (May, 1996). 34. Jennifer J. Johnson, Limited Liability for Lawyers: General Partners Need Not Apply, 51 BUS. LAW. 85 (1995). 35. John C. Coffee, Jr., The Attorney as Gatekeeper: An Agenda for the SEC, 103 Colum. L. Rev. 1293 (2003) ; Assaf Hamdani, Gatekeeper Liability, 77 S. Cal. L. Rev. 53 (2004). 36. Jonathan M. Landers, A Unified Approach to Parent, Subsidiary, and Affiliate Questions in Bankruptcy, 42 U. Chi. L. Rev.585 (1975). 37. J. Freedman and V. Finch, “Limited Liability Partnerships : Have Accountants Sewn up the ‘Deep Pockets’ Debate?” J.B.L., 387 (1997). 38. John W. Simpson, L.L.C. and L.L.P. Formats Can Benefit Law Firms, Nat’l L.J., Apr. 1 (1996). 39. John C. Coffee, JR., Shareholder Versus Managers : the Strain in the Corporate Web, 85 Mich. L. Rev. 1 (1986). 40. Jonathan R. Macey & Geoffrey P. Miller, An Economic Analysis of Conflict of Interest Regulation, 82 Iowa L. Rev. 965 (1997). 41. Kothari, S., T. Lys, C. Smith and R.Watts, Auditor Liability and Information Disclosure, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 307 (1998). 42. Kevin Lang & Peter-John Gordon, Partnerships as Insurance Devices : Theory and Evidence, 26 Rand. J. Econ. 614 (1995). 43. Kent Payne, Note, Piercing the Corporate Veil in Louisiana Absent Fraud or Deceit, 48 La. L. Rev. 1229 (1988). 44. Larry E. Ribstein, The Illogic and Limits of Partners’ Liability in Bankruptcy, 32 Wake Forest L. Rev. 31 (1997). 45. Larry E. Ribstein, The Deregulation of Limited Liability and the Death of Partnership, 70 Wash. U. L.Q. 417 (1992). 46. Larry E. Ribstein, The Important Role of Non-organization Law, 40 Wake Forest L. Rev. 751 (2005). 47. Larry E. Ribstein, Choice of Form and Network Externalities, 43 Wm & Mary L. Rev. 79(2001). 48. Larry E. Ribstein, Eighth Annual Corporate Law Symposium: Limited Liability Companies,64 U. Cin. L. Rev. 319 (1996). 49. Linda Himmelstein, Insurers Dodge S & L Claims Against Lawyers, Legal Times, Apr. 29 (1991). 50. Larry E. Ribstein, Evaluation And Response to Risk by Lawyers and Accountants in The U.S. and E.U. : Limited Liability of Professional Firms After Enron, 29 Iowa J. Corp. L. 427 (2004). 51. Larry E. Ribstein, The Deregulation of Limited Liability and the Death of Partnership, 70 Wash. U. L.Q. 417 (1992). 52. Martin Gaynor & Paul Gertler, Moral Hazard and Risk Sprading in Partnerships, 26 Rand J. Econ. 591 (1995). 53. Marcel Kahan & Michael Klausner, Path Dependence in Corporate Contracting: Increasing Returns, Herd Behavior and Cognitive Biases, 74 Wash. U. L.Q. 347 (1996). 54. Michael R. Darby & Edi Karni, Free Competition and the Optimal Amount of Fraud, 16 J.L. & Econ. 67 (1973). 55. Note, Developments in the Law──Lawyer’s Responsibilities and Lawyers’ Responses, Harvard Law Review Vol. 107:1547 (1994). 56. Paul J. Schoff, The New Pennsylvania Electing Partnership Statute--An Alternative to the Professional Corporation, 43 U. PITT. L. REV. 809 (1982). 57. Peter D. Sherer, Leveraging Human Assets in Law Firms: Human Capital Structures and Organizational Capabilities, 48 Indus. & Lab. Rel. Rev. 671 (1995). 58. Philip Morris & Joanna Stevenson, “the Jersey Limited Liability Partnership : A New Legal Vehicle for Professional Practice”, the Modern Law Review, Volume 60, 549 (July 1997). 59. Palmrose Z., Who Got Sud? , Journal of Accountancy, 67 (March 1997). 60. Richard A. Ponsner, the Rights of Creditors of Affiliated Corporations, 43 U.Chi. L. Rev. 499 (1976). 61. Phillip I. Blumberg, Limited Liability and Corporate Groups, 11 J. Corp.L.573 (1986). 62. Phillip Nelson, Information and Consumer Behavior, 78 J. Pol. Econ. 311 (1970). 63. Richard A. Booth, Limited Liability and the Efficient Allocation of Resources, 89 Nw. U. L. Rev. 14 (1994). 64. Robert R. Keatinge, Larry E. Ribstein, Susan Pace Hamill, Michael L. Gravelle, and Sharon Connaughton, The Limited Liability Company: a Study of The Emerging Entity, 47 Bus. Law. 375 (1992). 65. Robert B. Thompson, Piercing the Corporate Veil: An Empirical Study, 76 Cornell L. Rev. 1036 (1991). 66. Robert E. Keeton, Insurance Law Rights at Variance with Policy Provisions, 83 Harv. L. Rev. 961 (1970). 67. Reinier H. Kraakman, Corporate Liability Strategies and the Costs of Legal Controls, 93 Yale L.J. 857 (1984). 68. Robert W. Hillman, Organizational Choices of Professional Service Firm: an empirical, 58 Bus. Law. 1387 (2003). 69. Richard A. Booth, Profit-seeking, Individual Liability, and The Idea of The Firm, 73 Wash. U.L.Q. 539, 546(1995). 70. Robert W. Hillman, New Forms and New Balances : Organizing the External Relations of the Unincorporated Firm, 54 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 613, 613 (1997). 71. Robert B. Thompson, Piercing the Corporate Veil : An Empirical Study, 76 Cornell L. Rev. 1036 (1991). 72. Robert B. Thompson, The Limits of Liability in the New Limited Liability Entities, Wake Forest L. Rev. 1,10 (1997). 73. Robert Charles Clark, The Duty of the Corporate Debtor to its Creditors, 90 Harv. L. Rev. 505(1977). 74. Robert R. Keatinge et al., Limited Liability Partnership and Other Entities Authorized in Colorado, 24 Colo. Law. 1525 (1995). 75. Rhode & Paton, Lawyers, Ethics, and Enron, 8 Stan. J.L. Bus. & Fin. 9 (2002). 76. Scott Baker, Kimberly D. Krawiec, The Economics of Limited Liability : an Empirical Study of New York Law Firms, 2005 U. Ill. L. Rev. 107 (2005). 77. Susan Pace Hamill, The Origins Behind The Limited Liability Company, 59 Ohio St. L. J.1459(1998). 78. Schaefer, James & Michael Zimmer, Liability Insurance Decisions and Premium Charges among CPA Firms: An Empirical Analysis, Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol.14, 1 (1996). 79. Susan Muller Rogge, Note, Hollowell v. Orleans Regional Hospital: Piercing the Corporate Veil of a Louisiana Limited Liability Company and Successor Liability, 47 Loy. L. Rev. 923 (2001). 80. Susan Saab Fortney, Professional Responsibility Issues Related to Limited Liability Law Partnerships, 39 S. Tex. L. Rev. 399 (1998). 81. Sanford J. Grossman & Oliver D. Hart, An Analysis of the Principal-Agent Problem, 51 Econometrica 7 (1983);Larry E. Ribstein, Ethical Rules, Agency Costs, and Law Firm Structure, 84 Va. L. Rev. 1707 (1998). 82. Susan Saab Fortney, Professional Responsibility and Liability Issues Related to Limited Liability Law Partnerships, 39 S. Tex. L. Rev. 399 (1998). 83. Thomas E. Rutledge, The Place (If Any) of The Professional Structure In The Enity Rationalization, 58 Bus. Law. 1413 (2003). 84. Thompson, Piercing the Corporate Veil:an Empirical Study, 76 Cornell L.Rev. 1036 (1991). 85. Victor P. Goldberg, Accountable Accountants: Is Third-Party Liability Necessary?, 17 J. Legal Stud. 295 (1988). 86. Victor P. Goldberg, Accountable Accounts : Is Third Party Liability Necessary, Journal of Legal Studies, (June 1988). 87. Vanessa Finch and Judith Freedman, The Limited Liability Partnership: Pick and Mix or Mix-Up? Journal of Business Law, 477 (2002). 88. William J. Carney, Limited Liability Companies: Origins and Antecedents, 66U. Colo. L. Rev.855 (1995). (三)英文網站資訊(依字母筆畫排列) 1. Alan D. Morrison & William J. Wilhelm, Jr., Partnership Firms, Reputation, and Human Capital, Oxford Fin. Research Ctr. Working Paper No. 2003-FE-02 (2003), http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=373440 , (最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月18日)。 2. Jonathan Levin & Steven Tadelis, Profit-Sharing and the Role of Professional Partnerships, Stanford Inst. for Econ. Policy, Research Paper No. 03-031, 2004, http://ssrn.com/abstract=500322, 最後瀏覽日期2006年1月3日。 3. Susan Saab Fortney, High Drama And Hindsight──The LLP Shield, Post-Andersen, American Bar Association, http://www.abanet.org/buslaw/blt/2003-01-02/fortney.html, (最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月9日)。 4. The pitfalls of professional indemnity insurance,http://www.rics.org/Management/Businessmanagement/Insurance/Professionalindemnityinsurance/The+pitfalls+of+professional+indemnity+insurance.htm,最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月31日。 5. The Ethics 2000 Commn. Report on the Evaluation of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Aug. 2001) (E2K Report), www.abanet.org/cpr/ethics2k.html, 最後瀏覽日期:2005年12月20日。 6. Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicarious_liability, 最後瀏覽日期:2006年1月3日。 |
Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 法律學研究所 92651008 94 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0926510081 |
Data Type: | thesis |
Appears in Collections: | [法律學系] 學位論文
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|