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    Title: 「智慧」是憲法所保障的財產權嗎?以著作權法為中心論智慧財產權之憲法基礎
    Authors: 陳正和
    Contributors: 蘇永欽
    陳正和
    Keywords: 智慧財產權
    財產權
    憲法基礎
    正當化基礎
    歷史
    經濟分析
    哲學
    網路社會
    科技
    複製自由
    Date: 2004
    Issue Date: 2009-09-17 14:27:37 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 「智慧財產權」這個用語，已經在國際、政府、社會、法律上普遍的被接受。而既然大家都接受了這樣一個用語，在說文解字之下，理所當然地就會把「智慧」看成是一種「財產權」，在法律上也就會把「智慧」當成「財產權」來保護。而既然要把「智慧」當成「財產權」來保護，對於這種權利的侵害也自然就和對一般財產權的侵害一樣，需要被禁止與處罰。因此，你不該竊盜，同樣地，你也不該「盜版」。

    但是，智慧財產權的本質到底是什麼？智慧財產權真的是一種憲法所保障的財產權嗎？是不是當立法者制定了著作權法、專利法、商標法去建立了一種智慧財產權法制，就可以認定這樣的權利屬於我國憲法第十五條所的規定應予保障的「財產權」？更重要的，當智慧財產權限制了智慧財產權人之外其他人的自由與權利時，在憲法上有沒有足夠的正當化基礎足以支撐智慧財產權法制的合憲性？也就是說，智慧財產權法制的憲法基礎到底是什麼？

    因此，本文嘗試以歷史、經濟、哲學、社會、憲法學的角度進行研究，分析智慧財產權的性質與其正當化基礎，並進而討論智慧財產權是否是憲法上所保障的財產權，或是有其他的憲法基礎。期待能在智慧財產權的修法或對智慧財產權法制進行違憲審查時，提供憲法理論的參考依據。
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    1.吳庚，《憲法的解釋與適用》，自版，初版，2003。
    2.李惠宗，《憲法要義》，元照，初版，2001。
    3.李惠宗，〈憲法工作權保障之系譜〉，收錄於劉孔中、李建良主編《憲法解釋之理論與實務》，頁347-392，中研院，1998。
    4.李惠宗，〈憲法工作權保障系譜之再探—以司法院大法官解釋為中心〉，載於《憲政時代》，第29卷第1期，頁121-157，2003。
    5.林子儀，《言論自由與新聞自由》，元照，初版，1999。
    6.林昱梅，《藝術自由之研究》，私立輔仁大學法律研究所碩士論文，1993，許宗力教授指導。
    7.林昱梅，〈藝術自由與嘲諷性模仿之著作權侵害判斷〉，載於《成大法學》，第七期，頁129-234，2004。
    8.法治斌、董保城合著，《憲法新論》，自版，初版，2003。
    9.陳新民，《中華民國憲法釋論》，三民，四版，2002。
    10.陳新民，〈憲法財產權保障之體系與公益徵收之概念〉，收錄於氏著《憲法基本權利之基本理論(上)》，自版，再版，1991。
    11.陳愛娥，〈司法院大法官會議解釋中財產權概念之演變〉，收錄於劉孔中、李建良主編《憲法解釋之理論與實務》，頁394-420，中研院，1998。
    12.陳慈陽，《憲法學》，自版，初版，2004。
    13.許志雄等，《現代憲法論》，元照，二版，2000。
    14.馮震宇，〈論美國DMCA反規避條款之規定與檢討〉，載於《智慧財產權》，31期，頁45-87，2001。
    15.黃榮堅，〈個人使用下載MP3檔案的刑事責任問題〉，載於《臺灣本土法學雜誌》，23期，頁63-72，2001。
    16.黃越欽，〈國際勞工公約與憲法法院—兼論大法官釋字第三七三號解釋〉，載於《憲政時代》，第28期第3卷，頁3-49，2003。
    17.鄭中人，《智慧財產權法導讀》，五南，二版，2002。
    18.謝銘洋，〈智慧財產權之概念與法律體系〉，收錄於《智慧財產權之基礎理論》，自版，四版，2004。
    19.謝銘洋，〈著作人格權與一般人格權之關係〉，載於《月旦法學雜誌》，第79期，頁24-25，2001。
    20.魏千峰，《財產權之基本理論研究—以國家與人民之關係為限》，國立政治大學法律研究所博士論文，1999.6，顏厥安博士指導。
    21.羅明通，《著作權法論》，台英國際商務法律事務所，四版，2002。
    22.蘇永欽，〈財產權的保障與大法官解釋〉，收錄於氏著《違憲審查》，學林文化，初版，頁100，1999。
    23.蘇永欽，〈物權法定主義鬆動下的民事財產權體系—再探大陸民法典的可能性〉
    24.Goldstein, Paul, Copyright’s Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc.(1995)，葉茂林譯，《捍衛著作權》，初版，五南，2000。
    25.Lessig, Lawrence, Code: and other Laws of Cyberspace, 劉靜怡譯，《網路自由與法律》，初版，商周，2002。
    26.Sunstein, Case, repubic.com, 黃維明譯，《網路會顛覆民主嗎？》，初版，新新聞，2002
    二、德文文獻
    1.Feschner, Frank, Geistiges Eigentum und Verfassung : Schöpferische Leistungen unter dem Schutz des Grundgesetzes, Tübingen, Mohr Sieback, 1999
    2.Hubmann, Heinrich, Urheber- und Verlagsrecht, 4. Auf., 1978
    3.Rehbinder, Manfred, Urheberrecht, 10 Auf., 1998
    Schricker, Urheberrecht : Kommentar, 2. Auf., C.H.Beck, 1999
    4.Ulmer, Eugen, Urheber- und Verlagsrecht, 3, neu bearb. Aufl., Berlin, 1980
    三、英文文獻
    (一) 專書
    1.Becker, Lawrence C., Property Rights: Philosophic Foundations, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977
    2.Boyle, James, Shamans, Software, and Spleens: Law and the Construction of the Information Society, Harvard University Press, 1996
    3.Davies, Gillian, Copyright and the Public Interest, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2002.
    4.Drahos, Peter, A Philosophy of Intellectual Property, Dartmouth Publishing, 1996
    5.Godwin, Mike, Cyber Right, The MIT Press, 2003
    6.Ingarden, Roman, The Literary Work of Art: An Investigation on the Borderlines of Ontology, Logic and Theory of Literature, Northwestern University Press, 1973
    7.Jefferson. Thomas, Political Writings, Letter to Isaac McPherson, Cambridge University Press, 1999
    8.Litman, Jessica, Digital Copyright, Prometheus Books, 2001
    9.Munzer, Stephen R. (ed.), New Essays in the Legal and Political Theory of Property, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001
    10.Norzick, Robert, Anarchy, State and Utopia, Basic Books, New York, 1974,
    11.Patterson, L. Ray & Lindberg. Stanley W., The Nature of Copyright: A Law of Users’ Rights, University of Georgia Press, 1991
    12.Posner, Richard A., Economic Analysis of Law, Aspen Publishers, New York, 6th ed., 2003
    13.Sherman, Brad & Strowel, Alain (ed.), Of Authors and Origins: Essays on Copyright Law, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994
    14.Thierer, Adam & Crews, Wayne (ed.), Copy Fights: The Future of Intellectual Property in the Information Age, Cato Institute, 2002
    (二) 期刊論文
    1.Baker, C. Edwin, First Amendment Limit on Copyright, 55 Vanderbilt Law Review 891(2002)
    2.Balkin, Jack M., Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society, 79 New York University Law Review 1(2004)
    3.Barlow, John Perry, The Economy of Ideas, available at http://homes.eff.org/~barlow/EconomyOfIdeas.html
    4.Becker, Lawrence C., Deserving to Own Intellectual Property, 68 Chicago-Kent Law Review 609
    5.Benkler, Yochai, Free as the Air to Common Use: First Amendment Constraints on Enclosure of Public Domain, 74 New York University Law Review 354(1999)
    6.Benkler, Yochai, Through the Looking Glass: Alice and the Constitutional Foundations of the Public Domain, 66 Law and Contemporary Problem 173(2003)
    7.Birnhack, Michael D., The Idea of Progress in Copyright Law, 1 Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal 3(2001)
    8.Boyle, James, Cruel, Mean, or Lavish? Economic Analysis, Price Discrimination and Digital Intellectual Property, 53 Vanderbilt Law Review 2007(2000)
    9.Breyer, Stephen, The Uneasy Case for Copyright: A Study of Copyright in Books, Photocopies, and Computer Programs, 84 Harvard Law Review 281(1970)
    10.Calandrillo, Steve P., An Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Right: Justifications and Problems of Exclusive Rights, Incentive to Generate Information, and the Alternative of a Government-run Reward System, 9 Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal 301(1998)
    11.Coombe, Rosemary J., Objects of Property and Subject of Politics: Intellectual Property Laws and Democratic Dialogue, 69 Texas Law Review 1853(1991)
    12.Demsetz, Harold, Toward a Theory of Property Rights, 57 Am. Econ. Rev. Papers & Proc. 347 (1967)
    13.Demsetz, Harold, The Private Production of Public Goods, 13 Journal of Law & Economic 293(1970)
    14.Easterbrook, Frank H., Intellectual Property is Still Property, 13 Harvard Journal of Law & Pubic Policy 108(1990)
    15.Elkin-Koren, Niva, Copyright Law and Social Dialogue on the Information Superhighway: The Case Against Copyright Liability of Bulletin Board Operators, 13 Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 345(1995)
    16.Fisher, William W. III, Reconstructing the Fair Use Doctrine, 101 Harvard Law Review 1569(1988)
    17.Fisher, William W. III, The Growth of Intellectual Property: A The History of the Ownership of Ideas in the United States, available at http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/metaschool/fisher/growth.html
    18.Fisher, William W. III, Theories of Intellectual Property, in Stephen R. Munzer(ed.), New Essays in the Legal and Political Theory of Property, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001, 168-199
    19.Fitzgerald, Brian, Software as Discourse: The Power of Intellectual Property in Digital Architecture, 18 Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Jouranl 337
    20.Fitzgerald, Brian, Theoretical Underpinning of Intellectual Property: ”I am a Pragmatist. But Theory is my Rhetoric.” 16 Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 179(2003)
    21.Garon, Jon M., Normative Copyright, A Conceptual Framework for Copyright Philosophy and Ethics, Cornell Law Review 1278(2003)
    22.Ginsberg, Jane C., A Tale of Two Copyright: Literary Property in Revolutionary France and America, 64 Tulane Law Review 991(1990)
    23.Ginsberg, Jane C., Copyright and Control in the Digital Age, 54 Maine Law Review 195(2002)
    24.Goldstein, Paul, Copyright and the First Amendment, 70 Columbia Law Review 983(1970)
    25.Gordon, Wendy J,, Fair Use as Market Failure: A Structural and Economic Analysis of the Betamax Case and Its Predecessors, 82 Columbia Law Review 1600(1982)
    26.Gordon, Wendy J., An Inquiry into the Merits of Copyright: The Challenges of Consistency, Consent, and Encouragement Theory, 41 Stanford L. Rev. 1343(1989)
    27.Gordon, Wendy J., A Property Right in Self-expression: Equality and Individualism in the Natural Law of Intellectual Property, 102 Yale Law Journal 1533(1993)
    28.Grossman, Sanford J. & Stiglitz, Joseph E., On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets, 70 America Economic Review 393(1980)
    29.Heald, Paul J. & Sherry, Suzanna, Implied Limits on the Legislative Power: The Intellectual Property Clause as an Absolute Constraint on Congress, 2000 University of Illinois Law Review 1119(2000)
    30.Hettinger, Edwin C., Justifying Intellectual Property, 18 Philosophy and Public Affairs 31(1989)
    31.Hughes, Justin, The Philosophy of Intellectual Property, 77 Georgetown Law Jouranl 287(1988)
    32.Jaszi, Peter, Toward a Theory of Copyright: The Metamorphoses of “Authorship”, 1991 Duke Law Journal 455(1991)
    33.Landes, William M. & Posner, Richard A., An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law, 18 Journal of Legal Studies 325(1989)
    34.Lemley, Mark A., Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding, Texas Law Review 1031(2005)
    35.Lessig, Lawrence, Copyright’s First Amendment, 48 U.C.L.A. Law Review 1057(2001)
    36.Litman, Jessica, The Public Domain, 39 Emory Law Journal 965(1990)
    37.Litman, Jessica, Copyright as Myth, 53 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 235(1991)
    38.Lunny, Glynn S. Jr., Reexamining Copyright‘s Incentives-Access Paradigm, 49 Vanderblit Law Review 483(1996)
    39.Meiners, Roger E. & Staaf, Robert J., Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks: Property of Monopoly, 13 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 911(1990)
    40.Moore, Adam D., A Lockean Theory of Intellectual Property, 21 Hamline Law Review 65(1997)
    41.Netanel, Neil Weinstock, Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society, 106 Yale Law Journal 283(1996)
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學研究所
    90651018
    93
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090651018
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Law] Theses

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