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    題名: 兒童能力概念的發展
    作者: 翁嘉英
    WENG, CHIA-YING
    貢獻者: 林美珍
    LIN,MEI-JEN
    翁嘉英
    WENG, CHIA-YING
    關鍵詞: 兒童
    能力概念
    努力
    聰明
    children
    concepts of ability
    effort
    smart
    日期: 2005
    上傳時間: 2009-09-17 13:23:28 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 兒童的能力概念影響其面對失敗時的歸因模式、進而影響其成就目標與學習動機。目前對兒童能力概念發展的研究，對象多以美國地區的兒童為主，極少針對台灣地區的兒童研究其能力概念的發展，因此本研究以台灣地區的兒童為對象，了解在台灣的文化環境下兒童能力概念發展之情形。
    <br>本研究的受試者為8歲、10歲、12歲的小學生共84人，以結構式訪談的方式，分別針對能力的定義、能力的改變性、以及能力與努力的關係等方面，了解兒童的能力概念發展情形。研究結果發現：在「能力的定義」、「能力是否隨環境而改變」、「能力是否受自身努力而改變」、「變聰明的方法」、「能力與努力的關係」等方面，受試者的回答呈現出年齡發展趨勢。研究者對研究結果加以討論，並提出研究限制及未來研究方向建議。
    參考文獻: 一、 中文參考文獻
    張春興(1996)。教育心理學：三化取向的理論與實踐。台北市：東華書局。
    二、 英文參考文獻
    Bempechat, J., London, P., & Dweck, C. S. (1991). Children`s conceptions of ability in major domains: an interview and experimental study. Child Study Journal, 21(1).
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    Dweck, C. S., & Elliott, E. S. (1984). Achievement motivation. In E. M. Helheringtion (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 643-691). New York: Wiley.
    Henderlong, J., & Lepper, M. R. (1999, April). What does it mean to be smart? An interview study on children`s beliefs about intelligence. Poster session presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for research in Child Development, Albuquerque, NM.
    Keil, F. C. (1989). Concepts, kinds, and cognitive development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    Keil, F. C. (1994). The birth and nurturance of concepts by domains: The origins of concepts of living things. In S. A. Gelman (Ed.), Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Kinlaw, C. R., & Kurtz-Costes, B. (2003). The development of children`s beliefs about intelligence. Development Review, 23(2), 125-161.
    Kurtz-Costes, B., McCall, R. J., Kinlaw, C. R., Wiesen, C. A., & Joyner, M. H. (2005). What does it mean to be smart? The development of children`s beliefs about intelligence in Germany and the United States. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26(2), 217-233.
    Little, T. D., & Lopez, D. F. (1997). Regularities in the development of children`s causality beliefs about school performance across six sociocultural contexts. Developmental Psychology, 33, 165-175.
    Nicholls, J. G. (1978). The development of the concepts of effort and ability, perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49, 800-814.
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    Nicholls, J. G., & Miller, A. T. (1984). Reasoning about the ability of self and others: A developmental study. Child Development, 55, 1990-1999.
    Nicholls, J. G., Patashnick, M., & Mettetal, G. (1986). Conceptions of ability and intelligence. Child Development, 57, 636-645.
    Pomerantz, E. M., & Ruble, D. N. (1997). Distinguishing multiple dimensions of conceptions of ability: implications for self-evaluation. Child Development, 68(6), 1165-1180.
    Pomerantz, E. M., & Saxon, J. L. (2001). Conceptions of ability as stable and self-evaluative process: a longitudinal examination. Child Development, 72(1), 152-173.
    Rholes, W. S., Newman, L. S., & Ruble, D. N. (1990). Understanding self and other: Developmental and motivational aspects of perceiving persons in terms of invariant dispositions. In R. M. Sorrentino (Ed.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 369-407). New York: Guilford Press.
    Rholes, W. S., & Ruble, D. N. (1984). Children`s understanding of dispositional characteristics of others. Child Development, 55, 550-560.
    Siegler, R. S., & Alibali, M. (2005). Children`s thinking (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
    Stevenson, H. W., & Lee, S. (1990). Contexts of achievement: A study of American, Chinese, and Japanese children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 55(1-2, Serial No. 221).
    Stipek, D. J. (1981). Children`s perceptions of their own and their classmates` ability. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(3), 404-410.
    Stipek, D. J., & Daniels, D. H. (1988). Declining perceptions of competence: A consequence of changes in the child or in the educational environment? Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 352-356.
    Stipek, D. J., & Daniels, D. H. (1990). Children`s use of dispositional attributions in predicting the performance and behavior of classmates. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 11, 13-28.
    Stipek, D. J., & Iver, D. M. (1989). Development change in children`s assessment of intellectual competence. Child Development, 60, 521-538.
    Stipek, D. J., & Tannatt, L. M. (1984). Children`s judgements of their own and their peers` academic competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(1), 75-84.
    Weiner, B. (1972). Theories of motivation. Chicago: Rand McNally.
    Weiner, B. (1974). Cognitive views of human motivation. New York: Academic Press.
    Yussen, S. R., & Kane, P. T. (1985). Children`s conceptions of intelligence. In S. R. Yussen (Ed.), The growth of reflection in children (pp. 207-241). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    92752021
    94
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0927520211
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[心理學系] 學位論文

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