政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/32520
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113318/144297 (79%)
造访人次 : 51084783      在线人数 : 955
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧：
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据
    •  进阶搜寻
    政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/32520


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32520


    题名: 從情緒,認知與因應探討父母衝突對兒童適應的影響
    作者: 徐儷瑜
    贡献者: 許文耀
    徐儷瑜
    关键词: 父母衝突
    兒童適應
    情緒安全感
    認知評估
    因應行為
    日期: 2006
    上传时间: 2009-09-17 13:19:20 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究以情緒安全感假說，與認知背景架構觀點為基礎，探討父母衝突對兒童的直接影響。藉由統整情緒安全感與認知評估之概念，釐清情緒與認知在兒童適應父母衝突時所產生的影響。並加上因應行為的觀點，探索兒童的因應行為，在適應父母衝突時之角色，比較兒童的情緒、認知及因應行為，三者對兒童適應父母衝突的影響性。
    本研究的目的有四：一、將情緒安全感概念與認知背景架構中認知評估概念予以純化與細化；二、以純化與細化後的情緒認知反應，預測兒童在父母衝突下的內化問題與外化問題；三、探討兒童的因應行為，在情緒認知反應及適應問題之間的中介與調節效果；四、比較一般家庭兒童與高衝突家庭兒童在情緒、認知、因應行為及內化、外化適應問題之差異，並檢驗兩組兒童在內化與外化問題之不同影響機制。
    本研究以台北市與台北縣各一所國小的五年級兒童及其父母、導師為研究對象，共有566名兒童、413位父母、20位導師參與，以問卷法收集資料。研究工具為「兒童知覺父母衝突量表」（CPIC）、「父母間次系統安全感量表」（SIS）、「兒童因應量表」（CCSC）、「夫妻衝突策略量表」（CTS）、兒童行為檢核表兒童版（CBCL-YSR）、老師版（CBCL-TRF）及家長版（CBCL）。資料分析採因素分析法及多元迴歸分析法進行。
    本研究的結果如下：一、將情緒安全感與認知評估純化與細化後，形成兩個情緒反應：情緒激起及情緒失調；與六個認知反應：自責感、波及我、因應效能、建設性家庭表徵、破壞性家庭表徵、及父母衝突特徵。二、情緒認知反應能預測39%兒童內化問題，以情緒失調、情緒激起、缺乏因應效能、自責感、與波及我具有顯著預測力；對外化問題，情緒認知反應只能預測6%的變異量，以缺乏情緒激起、與自責感具顯著預測力。三、因應行為在情緒認知反應與適應問題之間，不具有中介效果，但有顯著調節效果，特別是在當兒童對父母衝突出現高自責時，越採取介入與尋求支持行為，其內化問題越顯著，但若採取低介入與低尋求支持行為，對其內化問題具有緩解效果。四、高衝突家庭兒童之內化較一般衝突家庭兒童顯著，他們對父母衝突的情緒激起、破壞性家庭表徵、建設性家庭表徵及缺乏因應效能均較高。情緒認知反應對不同衝突家庭兒童之不同適應問題，各有不同預測效果。高衝突家庭兒童之內化問題，情緒認知反應具有39%之預測力，以缺乏建設性家庭表徵波及我及兩種認知表徵最具預測力；對一般家庭兒童之內化問題，情緒認知反應亦有39%之預測力，以情緒失調、缺乏因應效能、自責感具有顯著預測力；而一般家庭兒童之外化問題，情緒認知反應有6%之預測力，以缺乏情緒激起、及自責感具有顯著預測力。
    本研究進一步討論此研究結果的意涵，以及在研究概念與實務運用之貢獻，並提出研究限制及未來研究方向建議。
    參考文獻: 一、中文部份
    王如芬（2004）。大學生知覺之父母婚姻關係、親子關係與其愛情關係中衝突因應方式之相關研究。臺中師範學院諮商與教育心理研究所碩士論文。
    王保進（2002）。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。台北市：心理出版社。
    王淑卿（2003）。國中生父母衝突、親子衝突、課業壓力與自殺意念的相關研究。嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
    王佩君（2004）。國小高年級學童情緒智力之父母影響因素模式探究。嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
    方紫薇（2000）。國中生面對父母衝突之感受及介入策略之研究。應用心理學報，8，1-17。
    方紫薇（2000）。青少年所知覺之父母衝突及其因應。教育心理學報，35:1，79-97。
    主計處（2001）。民國九十年針對台閩地區十二歲以下兒童生活狀況調查分析。
    內政部（2004）。http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/index.asp
    內政部（2005）。http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/index.asp
    江小燕（2004）。犯罪青少年的父母婚姻衝突、父母管教方式、親子依附安全感與外向行為問題之關係。政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
    江睿霞（2004）。父母婚姻衝突對兒童生活適應之影響。政治大學教育學系碩士論文。
    何明芬（2002）：國小兒童知覺父母婚姻衝突與其人際關係、攻擊行為之研究。台南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
    沈瓊桃（2002）。本土化多面向婚姻滿意度量表之編制。中華心理衛生學刊，15：3，67-100。
    沈瓊桃（2005）。兒童知覺的雙重家庭暴力經驗與其適應行為之相關研究。中華心理衛生學刊，18：1，25-64。
    李育忠（1999）。父母婚姻關係、親子互動對高中職子女異性交往之相關研究。臺東師範學院教育研究所碩士論文。
    李閏華（1992）。父母婚姻關係對子女婚姻態度影響之研究。東海大學社會工作學系碩士論文。
    林明慧（1989）。家庭因素與學齡兒童攻擊行為關係之研究。文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。
    林美娟（1997）。兒童知覺雙親婚姻衝突對其生活適應影響之歷程研究。政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
    林素妃（2003）。知覺父母婚姻關係、性別角色與親密關係滿意度之分析研究。彰化師範大學輔導與諮商系碩士論文。
    卓紋君（1999）。父母衝突行為與成年子女親密關係和婚姻態度之相關研究。嘉義師院學報，13，25-55。
    吳虹妮（1998）。單、雙親家庭青少年知覺之父母衝突、親子關係與其生活適應的相關研究。彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    吳雅雯（2004）。台南縣高中職學生知覺父母婚姻衝突、親子關係、同儕互動對其性態度。嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
    姚如君（2005）。兒童目睹父母婚姻衝突之觀點、情緒經驗、行為反應與因應策略的分析研究。台南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文。
    徐儷瑜、許文耀 (2005)。不同家庭經驗兒童對父母衝突的情緒安全感與內外化問題之探討。台灣臨床心理學2005年會。
    徐儷瑜、許文耀 (付印中)。父母衝突下兒童情緒反應之探討：社會學習理論與情緒安全感假說之比較。中華心理衛生學刊。
    許文耀、王德賢、陳喬琪、陳明輝 (2006)。影響自殺企圖者的自殺危險性發生路徑之檢驗。中華心理學刊，4：1，1-12。
    陳一惠（1998）。父母婚姻關係、兒童性別角色與兒童人際關係之相關研究。文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。
    陳正昌、程炳林（2002）。SPSS、SAS、BMDP統計軟體在多變量統計上的應用。台北市：五南書局。
    陳怡文（2003）。青少年父母婚姻關係知覺、父母控制知覺對其婚前性行為之影響研究。嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
    陳怡吟（2002）：國小兒童知覺父母婚姻關係、個人變項與其情緒困擾之相關研究。嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
    陳美秀（2002）。國中生知覺父母婚姻衝突、負向情緒經驗與異性交往態度之相關研究。高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    陳俐婷（2003）。父母衝突、教養行為與兒童內化問題之關係。台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
    陳惠雯、林世華、吳麗娟（2001）。婚姻衝突、家庭界線與青少年子女適應之相關研究。教育心理學報，32:2,143-165。
    陳嘉玉（2004）。國中生知覺父母婚姻關係、父母管教態度與其異性交往態度之研究。文化大學心理輔導研究所碩士論文。
    郭孝貞（1987）。父母婚姻關係、親子關係與其幼兒社會行為之相關研究。文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。
    梁培勇 (1994)。壓力發展模式探討社會資源對兒童「覺知到的能力」的影響。台灣大學心理研究所博士論文。
    榮泰生（2006）。SPSS與研究方法。台北市：五南書局。
    童伊迪、沈瓊桃 (2005)。婚姻暴力目睹兒童之因應探討。台大社工學刊，第11期，129-164。
    張虹雯（1999）。父母爭吵時的三角關係運作與兒童問題行為之相關研究。彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    趙小玲（1998）。國小學童所知覺的家庭暴力與行為問題的關聯研究。台東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
    鄭淑君（2001）。夫妻婚姻滿意度與子女三角關係運作分析。彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    賴自強（1998）。兒童知覺雙親衝突對其自我概念的影響。文化大學兒童福利研究所碩士論文。
    蔡恆翠（2003）：國中生知覺父母婚姻關係、家庭氣氛與生活適應之相關研究。台灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
    蘇美榕（2003）。大學生個人背景變項、知覺父母婚姻關係與其異性親密關係之研究。臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭研究所碩士論文。
    劉小菁譯（2004）。孩子，別怕：關心目睹家暴兒童。台北市：心靈工坊文化。
    劉宗幸（1998）。社會支持、自我效能對兒童知覺雙親衝突影響兒童生活適應歷程之調節效果研究。政治大學心理學系碩士論文。
    劉蓉果（1997）。子女知覺父母衝突對其適應發展的影響。台灣大學心理學系碩士論文。
    戴靜文（2002）。青少年不同背景變項、依附風格、知覺父母婚姻衝突與婚姻態度之相關研究。嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文。
    二、英文部份
    Achenbach, T.M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermount Department of Psychiatry.
    Adamson, J., & Thompson, R. A. (1998). Coping with interparental verbal conflict by children exposed to spouse abused and children from nonviolent homes. Journal of Family Violence, 13(3), 213-232.
    Amato, P. R., & Keith, B. (1991). Parent Divorce and the well-being of children: a meta –analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 26-46.
    Amato,P.R.& Booth,A.（2001）.The legacy of parents’ marital discord：Consequences for children’s marital quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 627-638.
    Ayers, T.S. Sandler, I.N., West, S.G., & Roosa, M.W.(1990). Assessment of children’s coping behaviors: Testing alternative models of children’s coping. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Boston.
    Band, E.B., & Weisz, J.R.(1988). How to feel better when it feels bad: Children’s perspectives on coping with everyday stress. Child Development, 24,247-253.
    Baris, M.A., & Garrity, C.B.(1997). Co-parenting post-divorce: Helping parents negotiate and maintain low-conflict separations. In W.Kim Halford and H.J. Markman (Eds.), Clinical handbook of marriage and couples intervention. New York: Wiley & Sons.
    Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
    Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: a social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Bickham, N.L., & Fiese, B. H. (1997). Extension of children’s perceptions of interparental conflict scale for use with late adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(2), 246-250.
    Billings, A.G., & Moos, R.H.(1981). The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. Journal of Behavior Medicine, 4,139-157.
    Bowlby, J.(1973). Attachment and Loss. :Vol.2. Seperation: anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
    Buehler, C., Anothony,C., Krishnakumar, A., Stone, G., Gerard, J., & Pemberton, S.(1997). Interparental conflict and youth problem behaviors: a meta analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6, 233-247.
    Bradbury, T.N., & Fincham, F.D. (1990). Attributions in marriage:review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 107,3-33.
    Bradbury, T.N., & Fincham, F.D. (1992).Attributions and behavior in marital interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 613-628.
    Bradley, S.J.(2003). Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York: The Guilford Press.
    Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F.A.(1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and psychopathology, 8,597-600.
    Cole, P.M., Martin, S.E., & Dennis, T.A. (2004). Emotion regulation as a scientific construct : methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Development, 75(2), 317-333.
    Compas, B.E., Banez, G.A., Malcarne, V.L., & Worsham, N. (1991). Perceived control and coping with stress: a developmental perspective. Journal of Social Issue, 47, 23-34.
    Cummings, E.M., Jannotti, & Zaha-Waxler, (1985). The influence of conflict between adults on the emotions and aggression of young children. Developmental Psychology, 21, 495-507.
    Cummings, E. M. (1987).Coping with background anger in early childhood. Child Development, 58, 976-984.
    Cummings, J.S., Pellegrini, D.S., Notarius, C.I., & Cummings, E.M. (1989).Children`s responses to angry adult behavior as a function of marital distress and history of interparent hostility. Child Development. 60(5), 1035-43.
    Cummings, E.M., Vogel, D., Cummings, J.S., & El-Sheikh, M. (1989).Children`s responses to different forms of expression of anger between adults. Child Development. 60(6), 1392-404.
    Cummings, E. M., Ballard, M., El-Sheikh, M., & Lake M. (1991). Resolution and children’s responses to interadult anger. Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 462-470.
    Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (1994). Children and marital conflict：The impact of family dispute and resolution. New York: Guilford Press.
    Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Simpson, K.S. (1994).Marital conflict, gender, and children’s appraisal and coping efficacy as mediators of child adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 8,141-149.
    Cummings, E. M., & Wilsom, A. (1999). Contexts of marital conflict and children’s emotional security: exploring the distinction between constructive conflict from the children’s perspective. In M. J. Cox, & J. Brooks-Gunn (Ed.), Conflict and Cohesion in Families: Causes and Consequences. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    Cummings, E.M., Davies, P.T., & Campbell,S.B.(2000). Developmental Psychopathology and Family Process. New York: The Guilford Press.
    Cummings,E.M., Goeke-Morey,M.C.,& Dukewich,T.L. (2001). The study of relations between marital conflict and child adjustment. In J.H.Grych,& F.D.Fincham,(Ed.), Interparental Conflict and Child Development: Theory, Research, & Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Cummings, E.M., Schermerhorn, A. C., Davies, P. T., Goeke-Morey, M.C., & Cummings, J.S. (2006). Interparental discord and child adjustment: prospective investigations of emotional security as an explanatory mechanism. Child Development, 77(1), 132-152.
    Crockenberg, S., & Langrock, A. (2001).The role of emotion regulation in children’s responses to interparental conflict. In J.H. Grych, & F.D.Fincham (Ed.), Interparental Conflict and Child Development: Theory, Research, & Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Dadds, M.R., Atkinson, E., Turner, C., Blums, G. J., & Lendich, B. (1999). Family conflict and child adjustment: evidence for a cognitive- contextual model of intergenerational transmission. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(2), 194-208.
    Davies, P.T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and child adjustment：An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin,116(3), 387-411.
    Davies, P.T., & Cummings, E.M.(1995). Children’s emotions as organizers of their reactions to interadult anger: a functionalist perspective. Developmental Psychology, 31(4), 677-684.
    Davies, P.T., Myers, R.L., & Cummings, E.M. (1996). Responses of children and adolescents to marital conflict scenarios as a function of emotionality of conflict endings.
    Davies, P.T., & Cummings, E.M. (1998). Exploring children’s emotional security as a mediator of the link between marital relations and child adjustment. Child Development, 69(1), 124-139.
    Davies, P. T., Forman, E. M., Rasi, J. A., & Steven, K. I. (2002 a). Assessing children’s emotional security in the interparental relationship: the security in the interparental subsystem scales. Child Development, 73(2), 544-562.
    Davies, P.T., Harold, G.T., Goeke-Morey, M.C., & Cummings, E.M. (2002 b). Child emotional security and interparental conflict. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 67(3).
    Davies, P. T.,& Forman, E. M.(2002). Children’s patterns of preserving emotional security in the interparental subsystem. Child Development, 73(6),1880-1903.
    Forman, E. M, & Davies, P. T. (2003). Family instability and young adolescent maladjustment: The mediating effects of parenting quality and adolescent appraisals of family security. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(1), 94-105.
    Davies, P. T., Cummings, E.M., & Winter, M.A. (2004). Pathways between profiles of family functioning, child security in the interparental subsystem, and child psychological problems. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 525-550.
    Davies, P. T., Sturge-Apple, M. L., & Winter, M.A., Cummings, E.M., & Farrell, D. (2006). Child adaptational development in contexts of interparental conflict over time. Child Development, 77(1), 218-233.
    Diamond, T., & Muller, R.T. (2004). The relationship between witnessing parental conflict during childhood and later psychological adjustment among university students: disentangling confounding risk factors. Canadian Journal of Behavior Science, 36(4), 295-309.
    El-Sheikh, M.& Harger, J.（2001）.Appraisals of Marital Conflict and Children’s Adjustment, Health, and Physiological Reactivity. Development Psychology,Vol.37, No.6,857-885.
    El-Sheikh, M. (2005). The role of emotional responses and physiological reactivity in the marital conflict-child functioning link. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(11), 1191-1199.
    Emery, R.E., & O’Leary, K.D. (1982). Children’s perceptions of marital discord and behavior problems of boys and girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10,11-24.
    Emery, R.E. (1999).Marriage, divorce, and children’s adjustment (2nd ed.).Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
    Fauber, R.,Forehand, R., Thomas,A.M. & Wierson, M.(1990). A mediational model of the impact of marital conflict on adolescent adjustment in intact and divorced families: The role of disturbed parenting. Child Develop,61,1112-1123.
    Emery, R.E., & O’Leary, K.D. (1984) Marital discord and child behavior problems in a nonclinic sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,12, 411-420.
    Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele,M., Steele,M., eLigh, T., Levinson, A., & Kennedy,R. (1997). Morality, disruptive behavior, borderline personality disorder, crime, and their relationships to security of attachment. In L. Atkinson & K. J.Zucker(Eds.), Attachment and psychopathology(pp.223-274). New York: Guilford Press.
    Forehand, R., Wierson, M., McCombs, A., Brody, G., & Fauber, R. (1989). Interparental conflict and adolescent problem behavior: an examination of mechanisms. Behavior Research Therapy, 27(4), 365-371.
    Formoso, D., Gonzales, N., & Aiken, L. (2000). Family conflict and children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior: proactive factors. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(2), 175-199.
    Gerard, J.M., Buehler, C., Frank, K., & Anderson, O. (2005). In the eyes of the beholder: cognitive appraisals as mediators of the association between interparental conflict and youth maladjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), 376-384.
    Gill, D.S., Christensen, A., & Fincham, F.D. (1999). Predicting marital satisfaction from behavior: Do all roads really lead to Rome? Persaonal Relationships , 6(3),369-387.
    Gordis,E.B., Margolin, G.,& John, R.S.(1997). Marital aggression, observed parental hostility, and child behavior during triadic family interaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 12,437-453.
    Grych, J. H. & Fincham, F.D. (1990). Marital conflict and children’s adjustment: a cognitive - contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 267-290.
    Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F.D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child’s perspective: the children’s perception of interparental conflict scales. Child development, 63, 558-572.
    Grych, J. H. & Fincham, F.D. (1993). Children’s appraisal of marital conflict: initial investigations of cognitive-contextual framework. Child Development, 64, 215-230.
    Grych, J. H. (1998). Children’s appraisals of interparental conflict: situational and contextual influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(3), 437-453.
    Grych, J. H., Fincham, F.D., Jouriles, E. N., & McDonald, R. (2000). Interparental conflict and child adjustment: testing the mediational role of appraisals in the cognitive – contextual framework. Child Development, 71(6), 1648-1661.
    Grych, J. H., Jouriles, E. N., & Swank, P. R. , McDonald, R., & Norwood, W.D. (2000). Patterns of adjustment among children of battered woman. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 84-94.
    Grych, J. H., Wachsmuth-Schaefer, T., & Klockow, L.L. (2002). Interparental aggression and young children’s representations of family relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(3), 259-272.
    Grych, J. H., Harold, G.T., & Miles, C.J. (2003). A perspective investigation of appraisals as mediators of the link between interparental conflict and child adjustment. Child Development, 74(4), 1176-1193.
    Harold, G.T., Fincham, F.D., Osborne, L.N., & Conger,R.D.(1997). Mon and dad are at it again: Adolescent perceptions of marital conflict and adolescent psychological distress. Developmental Psychology, 33,333-350.
    Harold, G.T., Shelton,K.H., Goeke-Morey, M.C., & Cummings, E.M. (2004). Marital conflict, child emotional security about family relationships and child adjustment. Social Development, 13(3), 350-376.
    Jaffe, P., Wolfe, D., & Wilson, S.K.(1990). Children of battered women. Developmental Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, Vol.21. London:Sage Publications.
    Jouriles, E.N., Murphy, C.M., & O’Leary, K.D.(1989). Interspousal aggression, marital discord, and problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57,453-455.
    Jouriles, E.N., Spiller, l.c., Stephens, N., McDonald, R., & Swank, P. (2000). Variability in adjustment of children of battered woman: the role of child appraisals of interparent conflict. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(2), 133-249.
    Kendall, M. & Stuart, A. (1977). The Advanced Theory of Statistics. London: Griffin.
    Kerig, P. K. (1998). Moderators and mediators of the effects of interparental conflict on children’s adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,26,199-212.
    Kerig, P. K. (2001).Children’s coping with interparental conflict. In J.H. Grych, & F.D.Fincham (Ed.), Interparental Conflict and Child Development: Theory, Research, & Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Kinsfogel, & Grych, J.H. (2004). Interparental conflict and adolescent dating relationships: intergrating cognitive, emotional and peer influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(3),505-515.
    Kitzmann, K.M., Gaylord, N.K., Holt, A.R., & Kenny, E.D. (2003). Child witnesses to domestic violence: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2), 339-352.
    LaFreniere,P.J.（2000）.Emotional Development：A biosocial perspective.CA：Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
    Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
    Lengua, L.J., & Sandeler, I.N. (1996). Self- regulation as a moderator of the relation between coping and symptomatology in children of divorce. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24,681-701.
    Lewis,C.E., Siegal, J.M.,& Lew, M.A. (1984). Feeling bad: Exploring sources of distress among pre-adolescent children. American Journal of Public Health, 74,117-122.
    Mann, B. J., & Gillion, L. A. (2002). Emotional security and cognitive appraisals mediate the relationship between parents’marital conflict and adjustment in older adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165(3), 250-271.
    Marcus, N.E., Lindahl, K.M., & Malik, N.M.(2001).Interparental conflict , children’s social cognitions, and child aggression: a test of a mediational model. Journal of Family Psychology, 15,315-333.
    Margolin, G., Oliver, P.H., & Medina, A.M. (2001). Conceptual issues in understanding the relation between interparental conflict and child adjustment. In J.H. Grych, & F.D. Fincham (Ed.), Interparental Conflict and Child Development: Theory, Research, & Applications. Yew York: Cambridge University Press.
    McDonald, R. & Grych, J.H. (2006). Young children’s appraisal of interparental conflict: measurement and links with adjustment problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1),88-99.
    Neal, J.H. (1983). Children’s understanding of their parents’ divorce. In L.A. Kurdek(Eds.), Children and divorce. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
    Neighbors, B. D., Forehand, R., & Bau, J. (1997). Interparental conflict and relations with parents as predictors of young adults functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 169-187.
    Nicolotti,L., El-Sheikh, M., Whitson, S. M. (2003). Children’s coping with marital conflict and their adjustment and physical health: vulnerability and protective functions. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(3), 315-326.
    O’Brien, M., Margolin, G., & John, R. (1995). Relation among marital conflict, child coping, and child adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24(3), 346-361.
    O’Brien, M., Bahadur, M., Gee, C., Balto, K., & Erber, S. (1997). Child exposure to marital conflict and child coping responses as predictors of child adjustment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21(1), 39-59.
    Patterson,G.R. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR:Castalia.
    Pedhazur,E.J.(1997). Multiple Regression in Behavior Research: Explanation and Application. Thomason Learning.
    Pedro-Carrol, P.J., & Cowen, E.L.(1985). The children of divorce intervention program:an investigation of efficacy of school-based preventation program. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 53,603-611.
    Porter, B., & O’Leary, k.d. (1980). Marital discord and childhood behavior problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 8,287-295.
    Post, R.M. (1992). Transduction of psychological stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry,149,999-1010.
    Program for Prevention Research. (2000). Manual for the children’s coping strategies checklist and how I coped under pressure scale. Arizona: Arizona State University.
    Rubin,K.H., Caplan,R.J., Fox, N.A., & Calkins,S.D.(1995). Emonality, emotion regulation, and preschoolers’ social adoption. Development and Psychopathology, 7,49-62.
    Sandler,I.N., Tein, J., & West, S.G. (1994). Coping, stress, and the psychological symptoms of children of divorce: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Child Development, 65, 1744-1763.
    Sandler,I.N., Tein, J.,Mehta, P., Wolchik, S., & Ayers, T.(2000). Coping efficacy and psychological problems of children of divorce. Child Development, 71(4), 1099-1118.
    Seligman, M., & Peterson, C. (1986). A learned helplessness perspective on childhood depression: Theory and research. In M. Rutter, C.Izard, & P. Read (Eds.), Depression in young people. New York: Guilford Press.
    Shamir, H., Cummings, E. M., Davies, P.T., & Goeke-Morey, M. (2005). Children’s reactions to marital conflict in Israel and in the United States. Parenting: Science and Practice, 5(4), 371-386.
    Shantz, C.U.(1983). Social cognition. In J. Flavell & E. Markman (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, vol. 3: Cognition development. New York: Wiley.
    Stolberg, .L., & Garrison, K.M.(1985). Evaluating a primary preventation program for children of divorce. American Journal of Community Psychology,13,111-124.
    Stolberg, .L.,& Mahler, J.(1994). Enhancing treatment gains in a school-based intervention for children of divorce through skill training, parental involvement, and transfer procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(1),147-156.
    Schudlich, T.D., Shamir, H., & Cummings,E.M., (2004). Marital conflict, children’s representations of family relationships, and children’s dispositions towards peer conflict strategies. Social Development, 13(2), 171-192.
    Snyder, C.R. & Lopez, S.J.(2001). Handbook of positive psychology. New York:Academic Press.
    Stallard, P.(2003).Think good- feel good: A cognitive behavior therapy workbook for children and young people.NJ: John Wiely & Sons Inc.
    Stocker, C., Ahmed, K., & Stall, M. (1997). Marital satisfaction and maternal emotional expressiveness: Links with children’s sibling relationships. Social Development, 6, 373-727.
    Thompson, R.A.(1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in research of definition. In N.A. Fox(Ed.), The development of emotion regulation: Biological and behavior considerations. Monographs of Society for Research in Child development, 59(2-3, serial No.240), 53-72.
    Tschann, J.M., Flores, E., Marin, B.VO., Pasch, L.A., Baisch, E.M., & Wibbelsman, C.J. (2002). Interparental conflict and risk behaviors among Mexican American adolescents : a cognitive-emotional model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(4), 373-385.
    Ulu, I. P., & Fisiloglu, H. (2002). The relationship between Turkish children’s perceptions of marital conflict and their internalizing and externalizing problems. International Journal of Psychology, 37(6), 369-378.
    Ware, H. S., Jouriles, E. N., Spiller, L.C., Mc Donald, R., Swank, P.R., & Norwood, W.D. (2001). Conduct problems among children at battered woman’s shelters: prevalence and stability of maternal reports. Journal of Family Violence, 16(3), 291-307.
    Whittaker, S., & Bry, B.H.(1991). Overt and covert parental conflict and adolescent problems: observed marital interaction in clinic and nonclinic families. Adolescence, 26(104), 865-876
    Zimet, D. M., & Jacob, T. (2002). Influences of marital conflict on child adjustment: review of theory and research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4(4), 319-335.
    Wierson, M.,Forehand, R.., & McMombs, A. (1988). The relationship of early adolescent functioning to parent- reported and adolescent-perceived interparental conflict. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16.707-718.
    Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, coping and tabacco and alcohol use in early adolesce. In S. Shiffman & T.A. Wills (Eds.), Coping and substance use. New York:Academic Press.
    Williams, J.M.G., & Pollok, L.R. (2002). Psychological aspects of the suicidal process. In K. Van Heeringen (Eds), Understanding suicidal behavior. New York：John Wiley & Sons.
    描述: 博士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    90752502
    95
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0907525021
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[心理學系] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 描述 大小格式浏览次数
    52502101.pdf48KbAdobe PDF21100检视/开启
    52502102.pdf110KbAdobe PDF21260检视/开启
    52502103.pdf88KbAdobe PDF22417检视/开启
    52502104.pdf120KbAdobe PDF21668检视/开启
    52502105.pdf313KbAdobe PDF22524检视/开启
    52502106.pdf117KbAdobe PDF22298检视/开启
    52502107.pdf326KbAdobe PDF21403检视/开启
    52502108.pdf192KbAdobe PDF21294检视/开启
    52502109.pdf131KbAdobe PDF22452检视/开启
    52502110.pdf128KbAdobe PDF22752检视/开启
    52502111.pdf203KbAdobe PDF25215检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈