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    題名: 受助者負債感之內涵與其前因後果之探討
    以組織內的受助事件為例
    作者: 林宜旻
    Lin,Yi Min
    貢獻者: 陳彰儀
    Chen,Chang- I
    林宜旻
    Lin,Yi Min
    關鍵詞: 負債感
    人情
    情感
    角色
    回報
    日期: 2003
    上傳時間: 2009-09-17 13:15:33 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 「負債感」是一般人受助後常見的反應，目前有關負債感的研究，大都承襲Greenberg（1980）的負債感理論（theory of indebtedness）並將「負債感」視為單一概念，也就是負債感只有「量」的差別，沒有「質」的差異。為了澄清負債感的內涵，研究一針對八名組織員工進行深度訪談，該研究請受訪者回憶自己過去的受助經驗與感受。研究結果顯示，負債感至少可以區分成三種性質：情感性、工具性及威脅性。從研究一的訪談資料中研究者也發現，人們受助於不同關係（情感水準、角色地位）的施助者，其負債感受似乎不太相同。此外，不同負債感所引發的回報行為似乎也有些許差異。
    承續研究一的發現，研究二與研究三繼續探討受助者的三種負債感與其前因變項（情感水準及角色地位）和後果變項（回報行為）的關係。研究二採用問卷調查法收集組織成員「實際」的受助經驗，有效樣本為259名組織員工。本研究將情感水準區分為「很好」、「普通」與「不好」。「角色地位」分成「主管」、「平行同事」及「部屬」。驗證前因變項與負債感的關係時，本研究採用共變數分析(ANCOVA)，獨變項為「情感水準」與「角色地位」，依變項為三種負債感，控制變項為「動機歸因」等八個可能影響負債感的因素。關於負債感與後果變項的關係，本研究以階層複迴歸分析進行研究假設的驗證，預測變項為三種負債感，效標變項為「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」，研究二的結果顯示：
    一、負債感與前因變項的關係
    1.「情感水準」在三種負債感都有主要效果。
    2.「角色地位」在情感性負債感有主要效果，但是，在其他兩種負債感的主要效果並未達顯著水準。
    3.「情感水準」與「角色地位」在情感性負債感有交互作用。
    二、負債感與後果變項的關係
    1.情感性負債感與「情感回報」呈正相關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」無關。
    2.工具性負債感與「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
    3.威脅性負債感與「情感回報」無關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
    研究三以「情境故事實驗法」重複驗證研究二的假設，該研究的樣本為455名組織員工。由於研究二的結果顯示，控制變項「動機歸因」與負債感有很大的關聯。因此，研究三除了重複驗證研究二的假設之外，還將動機歸因這個因素一併納入探討。本研究驗證前因變項與負債感的關係時，採用變異數分析（ANOVA），獨變項為「情感水準」、「角色地位」及「動機歸因」，依變項為三種負債感。驗證負債感與後果變項的關係時，是以複迴歸分析進行，預測變項與效標變項同研究二。研究三的結果顯示：
    一、負債感與前因變項的關係
    1.「情感水準」在三種負債感都有主要效果。
    2.「角色地位」在三種負債感的主要效果均未達顯著水準。
    3.「情感水準」與「動機歸因」在情感性及威脅性負債感有交互作用。
    二、負債感與後果變項的關係
    1.情感性負債感與「情感回報」呈正相關，與「等量回報」呈負相關，與「短期回報」無關。
    2.工具性負債感與「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
    3.威脅性負債感與「情感回報」呈負相關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
    從以上結果我們可以發現，研究二與研究三的結果大致相似，在研究討論的部分，研究者針對區分三種負債感的合理性及其與前因後果的關係進行討論。最後，對本研究的限制、未來的研究方向與實務應用的建議提出說明。
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    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    86752501
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