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    政大機構典藏 > 文學院 > 哲學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/31720
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31720


    Title: 柏拉圖靈魂不朽思想研究
    Authors: 陳櫻分
    Chen ,Ying Fen
    Contributors: 彭文林
    陳櫻分
    Chen ,Ying Fen
    Keywords: 靈魂
    身體
    靈魂不朽論證
    靈魂轉向
    絕對價值
    Date: 2002
    Issue Date: 2009-09-14 11:56:13 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 第一章,導論,說明本文大致所要處理的問題。

    第二章,試圖從《蒂邁歐篇》(Timaeus)裡宇宙體和宇宙魂的關係,對比人類之身體與靈魂,再從結構面來理解身體與靈魂的關係。

    第三章主要是檢討《費多篇》中若干靈魂不朽論證:(1)「對立面論證」,蘇格拉底透過“一切東西都從其對立面產生”,再以睡和醒對比出生與死亡,由此論證靈魂不朽;(2)「學習即回憶論證」,指出人的靈魂中原本擁有對於萬有的認知,知識的喪失即是遺忘,透過學習能夠將先前擁有而現在遺忘的知識再回憶起來,回憶預設了一個“先行的時間”,證明靈魂與身體結合之前必定待在某處,從無窮的時間序列,論證靈魂不朽;(3)「越接近不消逝之物越是不朽的論證」,這個論證一開始先區分兩種存在,可見的和不可見的,可見的是變動的,不可見的是不變動的,依據這區分再看身體與靈魂各與那一類接近,展開不朽論證;(4)假設“相”作為靈魂不朽的原因的論證,以“相與相之間”彼此對立且排斥來進行靈魂不朽論證。本文試著從以上的論證來了解柏拉圖如何證明靈魂不朽並歸結出靈魂不朽如何建基於“死亡的靈魂之不可能”之上。

    第四章處理靈魂三分以及靈魂轉向的問題。第一節討論《國家篇》之靈魂三分論,柏拉圖的靈魂三分論呈現在我們面前的是一幅:由擁有正義靈魂的正義之人所組成的正義城邦之理想藍圖。靈魂三分論的推論方法是以字母的比喻,說明如要討論正義,先從一個大的模型來了解,也就是先了解正義在城邦裡的情形,之後再來了解正義在個人身上的情形,較為清楚。接著以柏拉圖之線段比喻與洞穴比喻討論靈魂轉向的問題。當靈魂進入人類的身體,如果任其耽溺,它將對自身的進化感到抗拒,就像被綑綁於洞穴中一直沒有獲得釋放出來的囚犯一樣。柏拉圖認為,如果人類要擁有對於絕對價值的認識,就必須從低級認識進化到高級認識,而這中間的過程必須受到適當的引導,適當的引導就是“教育”,目的在使靈魂轉向、不再囿限於感官知覺、通往至高無上的“善之相”。

    最後,第五章結論部份,反省前幾章所探討的問題,再針對哲學家與一般人為生命與死亡所下的不同定義作進一步的反省。
    Reference: 一、柏拉圖與亞里斯多德的著作:
    The Dialogues of Plato , trans by B.Jowett , Oxford , Fourth Edition 1953. vol.Ⅰ, Meno , Phaedo ; vol.Ⅱ , Republic ; vol.Ⅲ , Timaeus.
    The Collected Dialogues of PLATO , edited by Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns , N. Y. ; Bollingen Foundation , 1961.
    Plato , vol.Ⅰ.with an English Translation by Harold North Fowler. Intriduction by W.R.M.LAMB. Harvard University Press. First published 1914. Reprinted 1999.
    The Republicof Plato , edited with critical notes , commentary and appendices by James Adam. vol.Ⅰ. Cambridge : At The University Press. 1920.
    Platon Oeuvres ComplètesⅠ, traduction et notes par Léon Robin et M.-J.Moreau , Édition Gallimard , 1950.
    Plato’s Phaedo , Translated , with introduction , notes , and appendices , by R.S.Bluck. Published by Routledge & Kegan Paul , London. 1995.
    The Works of Aristotle, translated into English under the Editorship of W.D.Ress, vol. Ⅲ , De Anima , translated by J.A.Smith, Oxford University Press , First Edition 1931.
    二、英文資料
    Barker , Ernest
     Greek Political Theory : Plato and His Predecessors , Methuen & Co Ltd. First published 1918.
    Barrow , Robin
     Plato and Education , First published by Routledge & Kegan Paul, London , 1976.
    Bremmer , Jan N.
     The Early Greek Concept of the Soul , Copyright by Princeton University Press , 1983.
    Burnet , John
    Early Greek philosophy , Published by Meridian Books , New York, 1957.
    Cornford , F. M.
     Plato`s Cosmology: The Timaeus of Plato, translated with a running commentary, London : Routledge & Kegan Paul , 1937.
    Grote , George
    Plato, and the other companions of Sokrates , ThoemmesPress , reprinted in 1998. vol.2
    Kraut , Richard
     The Cambridge Companion to Plato , Cambridge University Press , 1992.
    Nettleship , R.L.
    The Theory of Education in Plato’s Republic , Oxford University Press , First published 1935.
    Proclus
    The commentaries of Proclus on the Timaeus of Plato, in five books : containing a treasury of Pythagoric and Platonic physiology, vol.1 , translated from the Greek by Thomas Taylor. Kessinger Publishing Company. Montana , U.S.A. 1820.
    Robin , Léon
    Greek thought and the origins of the scientific spirit , translated from the new revised and corrected by M.R.Dobie. First Published in 1928. Reissued , 1967. by Russell & Russell.
    Shorey , Paul
     What Plato Said, Copyright by the University of Chicago. Published March 1933.
    Strauss , Leo
     The City and Man, The University of Chicago Press. Chicago and London. All rights reserved. Published 1964.
    Taylor , A.E
    Plato: the man and his work , Cleveland and New York : The World Publishing Company, 1956.
    White , David A.
     Myth and Metaphysics in Plato’s Phaedo, Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. London and Toronto : Associated University Presses. 1989.
    三、中文資料
    汪子嵩、王太慶編,《陳康:論希臘哲學》,商務印書館,1990.
    江日新、關子尹編,《陳康哲學論文集》,聯經出版,民74.
    苗力田主編,《古希臘哲學》,七略出版,民84.
    柯普斯登 著,傅佩榮 譯,《西洋哲學史1》,黎明出版社,1989.3.
    E.Zeller 著,翁紹軍 譯,《古希臘哲學史綱》,山東人民出版社,1992.
    張柯圳 著,《希臘文化哲學》,時英出版社,2002.
    四、譯著部份
    柏拉圖 著,余靈靈、羅林平 譯,《蘇格拉底的最後日子》,上海三聯出版,1997.
    柏拉圖 著,楊絳 譯,《斐多》,時報文化出版,2002.
    柏拉圖 著,朱光潛 譯,《柏拉圖 文藝對話集》,人民文學出版社,1997.北京.
    柏拉圖 著,鄺健行 譯,《柏拉圖三書》,香港:中文大學,1983.
    柏拉圖 著,侯健 譯,《柏拉圖理想國》,聯經出版,民69
    柏拉圖 著,彭文林譯注,《柏拉圖:克拉梯樓斯篇》,聯經出版,民91.
    亞里斯多德 著,秦典華 譯,《論靈魂》,慧明文化,民91.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    哲學研究所
    88154009
    91
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0088154009
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[哲學系] 學位論文

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