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Title:	審慎思辯、議題資訊與核四政策偏好--一個審慎思辯意見調查結果的初探
Other Titles:	Deliberation, Policy Information and Nuclear Plant Policy Preference: Exploring the Results of a Deliberative Poll
Authors:	黃東益
Keywords:	審慎思辯民調;審議式民主;商議式民主;政治知識;資訊捷徑 Deliberative poll;Deliberative democracy;Political information;Heuristics;Information shortcut
Date:	2003
Issue Date:	2008-10-30 00:07:43 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	1990年代民主理論發展的一個重大轉折是學界對於審慎思辯民主(deliberative democracy)的高度重視，由於代議民主運作的許多弊病，愈來愈多學者投注於審慎思辯民主理論及實踐的研究，然而有關這個新的民主模式常受爭辯的核心議題：民眾從審慎思辯過程中所獲得的政治資訊是否影響原有的政治偏好？學界目前為止仍然爭論不休。有些學者主張個人即使對政治極為無知，又沒有充分的資訊，他們可藉著簡單的判斷策略來形成他們的意見，經過這種過程所形成的偏好，將和他們在具備充分資訊下所表現的立場沒有兩樣。另一派學者則認為光靠資訊捷徑或啟發並不足夠，意見的形成某種程度有賴於議題資訊的取得及思辯過程。為瞭解資訊對於民眾政治偏好的影響，本文以世新大學行政管理學系學生作為研究對象，以核四議題為主，進行類似由James Fishkin等學者自1993年以來在英、美、澳等國所進行的審慎思辯民意調查(Deliberative Poll)。結果發現審慎思辯過程使參與者對議題認知更清楚，而即使核四議題已爭論多時，民眾對此議題態度較為穩定，而參與者為大學生，其政治知識較一般人相對豐富，這個過程仍然影響五分之一左右的參與者對核四議題所採取的立場。也就是在資訊充分的情況下，部分參與者的議題偏好將與資訊充分的情況下有所不同，這個結果強化對於民眾無知的悲觀主義者的論點，也為審慎思辯民主的必要性提供一個初步的基礎。 The 1990s witnessed a deliberative turn in democratic theory. Due to the defects of representative democracy, more and more scholarly endeavors have been invested in theories and application of deliberative democracy. One of the core disputes over this theory is how political information influences collective preference. One school of thought maintains that the mass public can effectively utilize heuristics or information shortcuts to conduct political judgment without detailed political information. The other school holds that informed citizens would have policy preferences different from when they are politically ignorant. To resolve this dispute, this study emulates the Deliberative Poll conducted by James Fishkin in Great Britain and U.S. since 1993. This experiment was implemented in 2001 and it adopts a convenient sample consist of students from the Department of Public Policy and Management of Shih-Hsin University. Our results indicate that deliberation increases policy information of the participants. Even though the nuclear plant issue has long been debated and our participants are relatively informed and their policy preferences comparatively stable, the results show that the preference of a substantial portion of the participants changed after the deliberative process. Such findings not only support the claim of the pessimists of political ignorance but also provide empirical evidence for the necessity of a deliberative democracy.
Relation:	理論與政策, 16(4), 65-88.
Data Type:	article
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Public Administration] Periodical Articles

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