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| Title: | 人類安全:安全研究之新議程 |
| Authors: | 蔡育岱 |
| Contributors: | 姜家雄
蔡育岱 |
| Keywords: | 人類安全
安全研究
建構主義
國際關係理論
Human Security
Security Study
Constructivism
IR Theory |
| Date: | 2007 |
| Issue Date: | 2009-09-14 10:12:21 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 人類安全自其概念提出以來至今已逾十年，始終沒有獲得安全研究領域的重視。冷戰結束後，雖有非傳統安全在研究上對傳統安全侷限於軍事問題的缺漏進行修補，但依舊忽略「個人」對於安全研究的價值。本文認為，目前既有的安全研究已不能迎合全球化時代國際關係的發展趨勢，而把「個人」排除在安全研究的討論之外或是予以邊緣化，則為一種理解上的疏失。實際上，無論傳統安全所強調的軍事領域，或是非傳統安全所關注的貧窮、發展、疾病等問題，其核心與基礎的安全價值均構築在每一個「個人」身上，這歸因於安全概念就像一道不可分割的光譜，儘管歸結出許多不同面向，但當其中一個安全面向受到影響時，其他面向也會受到波及；互賴現象不只適用於經濟關係，也同樣適用安全領域。對此，本研究論證了何以人類安全具備在判斷安全是否落實、因應全球化的國際局勢，以及回應「內部」威脅來源等三方面的優勢，用以彰顯安全研究宜從「國家」到「個人」之必要性。
此外，本文建議以建構主義來詮釋人類安全，認為人類安全的形塑過程，就是一種建構主義的觀點。儘管國際關係中的建構主義目前在安全所涉及的範疇，只著力於安全社群或安全文化論點，但建構主義是探索人類意識與國家認同與利益的形成，如果透過建構主義來解釋國際社會現象，尤其是人類安全，那將使人類安全觀點更趨意義，爰本論文在釐清人類安全概念與回顧建構主義理論基礎後，同時說明了建構主義與人類安全的關連，並勾勒起兩者間之對話。
Even though the concept of Human Security first emerged more than a decade ago, it never gained much attention in the field of security study. In the post-Cold War era, non-traditional security study somehow rectifies the defect of traditional security study, which focuses simply on military affairs, but it is not comprehensive enough to understand the crucial role which ‘People’ play in security study. From authors’ view, the present comprehension of security study can no longer catch up with the main development trend of international relations in the age of globalization. To exclude ‘People’ from discussing or to marginalize it is a definite miscalculation of what ‘security’ really is. Either traditional security, which pays mainly attention to territorial matters, or non-traditional security, which cares more about poverty, development, disease and so on, its core and essential value of security is no doubt based on ‘People’. Actually, the concept of security is a spectrum which cannot be divided; also, the spectrum has considerable inter links and overlaps. An effect to one dimension of security is likely to travel to all forms of security. The phenomenon of interdependency on economic dimension is also relevant to security studies. This article demonstrates that the study of human security can help resolve threats from both internal and external forces, respond to the challenges of globalization, and achieve true security. It manifests the necessity of the study of security from focusing on “state” to the “people”.
Besides, the main purpose of this article is exploring human security by constructivism. The emergence of human security also can be seen as a view of constructivism. This article argues that although the orthodox of security study on constructivism focus on security community or security culture, the constructivism also explores the issues of human consciousness and national identity and interest formation. Hence, the contents of human security will be more meaningful if through applying constructivism to explaining phenomena of international society. In the light of this analysis, three specific issues will be examined: the emergence of the concept of human security, review of the theory of constructivism, and enabling a dialogic interaction between constructivism and human security. |
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秦亞青，〈國際政治的社會建構─溫特及其建購主義國際政治理論〉，《美歐季刊》，第15卷，第2夏季號期，2001年，頁231-264。
Wendt, Alexander, “Anarchy is What States Make of It: the Social Construction of Power Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (1992), pp. 391-425.
Wendt, Alexander, “The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory,” International Organization, Vol. 41, No. 3 (1987), pp. 335-370.
Williams, P. R. & F. J. Pecci, “Earned Sovereignty: Bridging the Gap Between Sovereignty and Self-Determination,” Stanford Journal of International Law, Vol. 40, No. 1 (2004), pp. 10-14.
Wolfers, Arnold, “National Security as an Ambiguous Symbol,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 67, No. 4 (1952), pp. 481-502.
Zagare, Frank C., “Rationality and Deterrence,” World Politics, Vol. 42, No. 2 (1990), pp. 238-260.
(三)官方出版品
國家安全會議編，《2006國家安全報告》，台北：國家安全會議，2006年。
Kaldor, Mary, The Role of Human Security in Foreign Policy: What Lessons for the EU? Policy Paper, European Policy Center, December 5, 2006.
“Stockholm Initiative on Global Security and Governance,” Common Responsibilities in the 1990’s, Stockholm: Prime Minister’s Office, 1991.
“What’s Human Security?” United Nations Centre for Regional Development, 1994, at http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1994/en/.
莫大華，〈理性主義與建構主義的辯論〉，《政治科學論叢》，第19期，2003年，頁113-138。
三、網站
人類安全網(Human Security Network)
<http://www.humansecuritynetwork.org/>
人類安全委員會(Commission on Human Security)
<http://www.humansecurity-chs.org/>
中華民國外交部
<http://www.mofa.gov.tw/>
台灣人權資訊網
<http://www.2003hr.net/about_hr.htm>
加拿大人類安全網(Canada`s Human Security Web Site)
莫大華，〈國際關係理論大辯論研究的評析〉，《問題與研究》，第39卷第12期，2000年，頁65-90。
<http://www.humansecurity.gc.ca/>
加拿大人類安全協會(Canadian Consortium on Human Security)
<http://www.humansecurity.info/CCHS_web/Home/en/>
林肯線上(Lincoln Online)
<http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm>
政治大學第三部門研究中心
<http://333.nccu.edu.tw/>
亞太經濟合作會(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, APEC)
(1)<http://www.apec.org/apec/leaders__declarations/2003.html#HumanSec>
(2)<http://www.apec.org/apec/leaders__declarations/2004.html#enh_human_sec>
張亞中，〈全球治理：主體與權力的解析〉，《問題與研究》，第40卷第4期，2001年，頁1-24。
前南斯拉夫國際刑事法庭 (International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia, ICTY) <http://www.un.org/icty/>
國際刑事法院(International Criminal Court, ICC)
<http://www.icc-cpi.int/home.html>
聯合國大學(United Nations University)
<http://www.unu.edu/index.htm>
聯合國高階小組2004年報告(UN High-level Panel 2004)
<http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/ngo-un/info/res-1296.htm>
聯合國區域發展中心(United Nations Centre for Regional Development)<http://www.uncrd.org.jp/hs/>
聯合國維和行動網(United Nations Peacekeeping)
<http://www.un.org/chinese/peace/peacekeeping/index.html>
陳欣之，〈國際安全研究之理論變遷〉，《遠景季刊》，第4卷第3期，2003年，頁1-40。
盧安達國際刑事法庭(International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, ICTR)<http://69.94.11.53/>
楊永明，〈冷戰時期日本之防衛與安全保障政策：1945-1990〉，《問題與研究》，第41卷，第5期，2002年，頁13-40。
鄭端耀，〈國際關係新自由制度主義理論之評析〉，《問題與研究》，第36卷，第12期，1997年12月，頁1-22。
鄭端耀，〈國際關係攻勢與守勢現實主義理論爭辯之評析〉，《問題與研究》，第42卷，第2期，2003年3、4月，頁1-22。
蔡育岱、譚偉恩，〈從「國家」到「個人」：人類安全概念之分析〉，《問題與研究》，第47卷，第1期，2008年，頁151-188。
蔡育岱、譚偉恩，〈雙胞胎或連體嬰：論證安全研究與和平研究的關係〉，《國際關係學報》，第25期，2008年，頁77-118。
蔡育岱、譚偉恩，〈再思人類安全研究〉，《淡江人文社會學刊》，第32期，2008年，頁56-75。
潘大志、宋紹松，〈哥倫比亞和平夢難圓〉，《國際展望》，第2期，2000年，頁10-11。
盧業中，〈主要國際關係理論中新現實主義、新自由制度主義與建構主義之比較研究〉，《中山人文社會科學期刊》，第9卷，第2期，2001年12月，頁21-52。
盧業中，〈論國際關係理論之新自由制度主義〉，《問題與研究》，第41卷，第2期，2002年3、4月，頁43-67。
盧倩儀，〈發展中的「人類安全」概念及其在歐盟非法移民問題上之適用〉，《問題與研究》第46卷，第4期，2007年，頁27-51。
譚偉恩，〈女性主義視野下的國際安全〉，《國際關係學報》，第23期，2007年，頁141-162。
譚偉恩，〈權力平衡的研究：現實主義的觀點〉，《國際關係學報》，第22期，2006年，頁129-166。
二、西文部分
(一)專書
Acharya, Amitav, Constructing A Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order, New York: Routledge, 2001.
Adams, Robert, The Evolution of Urban Society, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1966.
Addams, J., Emily G. Balch and Alice Hamilton, Women At the Hague: The International Congress of Women and Its Results, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
Adler, Emanuel and Michael N. Barnett, eds., Security Communities, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Alagappa, Muthiah, Asia Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influence, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
Arts, Bas, Bob Reinalda, and Math Noortmann, eds., Non-State Actors in International Relations, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2001.
Baldwin, David, ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Baylis, John and Steve Smith eds., The Globalization of World Politics, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Bedeski, Robert E., Human Security and the Chinese State: Historical Transformations and the Modern Quest for Sovereignty, New York: Routledge, 2007.
Bertram, Christopher, Rousseau and The Social Contract, London: Routledge, 2003.
Boli, John and George M. Thomas, eds., Constructing World Culture: International Non-governmental Organizations since 1875, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Booth, Ken, Critical Security Studies and World Politics, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005.
Borawski, John, ed., Avoiding War in the Nuclear Age: CBMs for Crisis Stability, Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.
Boulding, E., History of Peace Cultures: The Hidden Side of History, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2000.
Brown, Seyom, International Relations In A Changing Global System: Toward A Theory of World Polity, Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
Burchill, Scott and Andrew Linklater eds., Theories of International Relations, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.
Buzan, Barry, The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural Realism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Buzan, Barry, People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era 2nd ed., Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991.
Buzan, Barry and Ole Wæver, Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Buzan, Barry, Ole Weaver and Jaap de Wilde, Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998.
Byers, M. & S. Chesterman, Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Cahill, K. M. ed., Human Security for All: A Tribute to Sergio Vieira de Mello, New York: Fordham University Press, 2004.
Carlsnaes, Walter, Thomas-Risse and Beth A. Simmons eds., Handbook of International Relations, London: Sage Publications, 2002.
Chasek, P. S., David L. Downie and Janet Welsh Brown eds., Global Environmental Politics, Boulder: Westview Press, 2006.
Cohen, Ronald and Elman Service, eds., Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution, Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1978.
Croft, Stuart and Terry Terriff eds., Critical Reflections on Security and Change, London: Frank Cass, 2000.
Deutsch, Karl, Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, New York: Greenwood Press, 1957.
Doyle, Michael, “Liberalism and World Politics,” American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 4 (1986), pp. 1153-1155.
Doyle, T. & McEachern, D., Environment and Politics, New York: Routledge, 1998.
Dougherty, James E. and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff Jr. eds., Contending Theories of International Relations, New York: Longman, 2001.
Drucker, Peter, The New Realities: In Government and Politics, In Economics and Business, In Society and World View, New York: Harper Collins, 1989.
Dume, Tim, Milja Kurki, and Steve Smith eds., International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Earle, Edward M. ed., Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943.
Elshtain, B. J., Just War Against Terror: the Burden of American Power in a Violent World, New York: Basic Book, 2003.
Finnemore, Martha, National Interests in International Social Theory, New York: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Forsythe, D. P., Human Rights in International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Friedman, Thomas L., The Lexus and the Olive Tree, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1999.
Garnett, John, ed., Theory of Peace and Security: A Reader in Contemporary Strategic Thought, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1970.
George, Alexander L. and Richard Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice, New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.
Graham, David T. and Nana K. Poku eds., Migration, Globalization and Human Security, London and New York: Routledge, 2000.
Grant, Rebecca & Kanthleen Newland eds., Gender and International Relations, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.
Habermas, Jürgen, The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalization of Society, trans. by Thomas McCarthy, Boston: Beacon Press, 1984.
Held, David, Global Transformation: Politics, Economics and Culture, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Higgott, Richard A., Geoffrey R. D. Underhill and Andreas Bieler eds., Non-State Actors and Authority in the Global System, London and New York: Routledge, 2000.
Hobbes, T., Leviathan, London, Website of Oregon State University, 1651, at http://oregonstate. edu/instruct/phl302/texts/hobbes/leviathan-c.html#CHAPTERXV.
Holsti, Kalevi J., The Dividing Discipline: Hegemony and Diversity in International Theory, London: Allen& Unwin, 1985.
Holsti, Kalevi J., Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order 1648-1989, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Hudock, Ann C., NGOs and civil society: democracy by proxy? Malden: Polity Press, 1999.
Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues, Common Security: A Blueprint for Survival, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980.
Jackson, Robert and Georg Sorensen, Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Josselin, Daphne and William Wallace eds., Non-state Actors in World Politics, New York: Palgrave, 2001.
Katzenstein, Peter J. ed., A World of Region: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
Katzenstein, Peter J. ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, Columbia: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Katzenstein, Peter J. ed., Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Postwar Japan, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Katzenstein, Peter J., Robert O. Keohane, and Stephen D. Krasner eds., Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1999.
Kay, Cristobal, ed., Globalization, Competitiveness, and Human Security, London: Portland, 1997.
Keane, John, Global Civil Society 2001, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. |
| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
92253503
96 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922535031 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
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