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    题名: 國際非政府組織與發展援助—樂施會案例研究
    作者: 呂榮席
    贡献者: 姜家雄
    呂榮席
    关键词: 國際非政府組織
    發展援助
    樂施會
    日期: 2007
    上传时间: 2009-09-14 10:09:30 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 南方國家與北方國家於經濟與社會發展的嚴重落差，是當前國際社會相當重視的問題。生活在相互依賴的時代，如何有效分配全球資源，使南方國家的人民可以脫離貧窮、疾病與飢餓，已經不能將它單單劃分為「南方國家發展問題」，而是一個全體人類應該正視的「國際發展問題」。

    對於國際發展問題，傳統行為者如國家與政府間組織（Inter-Governmental Organization , IGO），顯然目前所做的努力仍然不夠。而另外一方面，國際非政府組織（International Non-Governmental Organization, INGO）作為國際社會的新興行為者，在發展援助領域開始扮演越來越重要的角色。發展型國際非政府組織具備下列優點，包括採取「由下而上」（bottom-up）的援助型式，其發展援助能深入社會的每一個角落，真正瞭解人民的需求；此外，強調所謂「參與式的發展」（participatory development），有助於受援國公民社會之建立；以及國際非政府組織專業性、志願性、非官方性的特徵，使其發展援助成果更有彈性與效率。

    然而作為國際發展援助新興的行為者，與傳統援助行為者的互動關係對於發展型國際非政府組織的援助成果具有關鍵性的影響。本文藉由樂施會的案例研究，驗證發展型國際非政府組織與國家、聯合國、南方非政府組織等相關援助行為者之間的互動關係，並提供對於國際發展議題有興趣者一個觀察的角度，瞭解國際非政府組織從事發展援助之特徵與得失。希望藉由本文拋磚引玉，能夠提昇國人對於國際發展議題與重要發展型非政府組織之認識，進而對國際發展問題出一份力。
    參考文獻: 一、中文部分
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