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    题名: 非政府組織與聯合國關係研究
    作者: 曾文怡
    贡献者: 姜家雄
    曾文怡
    关键词: 非政府組織
    聯合國
    國際組織
    聯合國高峰會
    世界資訊社會高峰會
    日期: 2007
    上传时间: 2009-09-14 10:08:40 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　近年來在國際組織的研究領域中，非政府組織的重要性已逐漸提升，並提供學界觀察國際組織活動的新思考方向。文中針對非政府組織與聯合國關係為主軸，從非政府組織的定義及起源談起，推演至在國際各行為者中，以國際組織為非政府組織的主要交往對象，而聯合國為國際組織的龍頭之一，故非政府組織與聯合國的交往模式及影響層面，可為研究非政府組織的重要指標。

    　　非政府組織在聯合國各機構的地位及互動，包括經社會、大會、安理會等。以及如何參與聯合國舉辦的高峰會為文內詳述之核心問題。從非政府組織在聯合國的活躍程度來看，非政府組織已不僅是被動的參與聯合國事務的地位，已成為積極透過各種策略影響聯合國決策的重要角色之一，聯合國也由於包容非政府組織的在各議題及行動的參與，獲得世人更多認同，擴大了其組織的合法性。

    　　而非政府組織在2003及2005年聯合國為解決數位落差的高峰會「世界資訊社會高峰會」（World Summit of Information Society）的表現，顯示非政府組織在聯合國的地位確有攀升，且包括非政府組織參與的全球治理型態已然成型。
    In recent years, NGO is not only getting more important within the International Organization research field but also provides a new perspective for the scholars. This dissertation aims at NGO and United Nations relations. Starting from NGO’s definition and origins, deduces that International Organization is the most important character that NGO should engage in. Among those International Organizations, United Nations is one of the biggest one so that how NGO participates in United Nations and what influences NGO could affect United Nations become a key issue.


    In United Nations, including ECOSOC, General Assembly, Security Council, and Summit held by United Nation, NGO’s status and its interaction with those bodies are the core aspects here. From the achievements that NGO now reaches, it is no more than just play a passively character in United Nations. It has aggressively used lots of strategies to influence the decision making authorities. United Nations also benefits from NGO’s participation. More world citizens are considering that United Nation partly solves the democratic deficit problem and becomes more legal.

    NGO’s contributions in World Summit of Information Society held to solve digital divide in 2003 and 2005, reflect NGO indeed play important part in United Nations. Global governance with NGO is now forming.
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    黃志雄。〈非政府組織：國際法律秩序中的第三種力量〉。《法學研究》，第4期，2003年，頁122-131。
    黃德明、匡為為。〈論非政府組織與聯合國關係的現狀及改革前景〉。《當代法學》，第20卷第3期，2006年，頁27-34。
    游志斌，張蕾。〈試析非政府組織與聯合國夥伴關係的發展趨向〉。《國際關係學院學報》，第4期，2005年，頁25-30。
    鄂曉梅。〈國際非政府組織對國際法的影響〉。《政法論壇》，第3期，2001年，頁122-126。
    趙黎青。〈環境非政府組織與聯合國體系〉。《現代國際關係》，第10期，1998年，頁24-28。
    趙黎青。〈非政府組織與聯合國體系〉。《歐洲》，第5期，1999年，頁34-45。
    蓋文啟、王緝慈。〈全球化浪潮中的區域發展問題〉。《北京大學學報（哲學社會科學版）》，第6期第37卷，2000年，頁23-31。
    謝菊。〈當代國外NPO的發展及特徵〉。《雲南行政學院學報》，第4期，2003年，頁48-50。
    劉超。〈非政府組織的興起與國際法律秩序的變塑〉。《現代法學》，第26卷第4期，2004年，頁116-121。
    蘭華，袁沖。〈非政府組織與全球化〉。《山東社會科學》，第4期，2004年，頁52-56。
    （三）官方資料
    2004年9月「安南呼籲消除全球化管理中的『民主赤字』」。<www.un.org/chinese/News/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=2344>
    WSIS會議高級組織委員會主席暨國際電信聯盟秘書長內海善雄報告。
    WSIS / PC-2 /2-C。<http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/md/03/wsispc2/doc/S03-WSISPC2-DOC-0002!!MSW-C.doc>
    公民社會與關係之背景文件——聯合國系統內行動者的多樣性。E/1996/31。<http://www.un.org/chinese/reform/civil-society.html>
    第57屆大會。「加強聯合國：進一步改革綱領」。A/57/387。
    第59屆大會。「大自由：實現人人共用的發展、安全和人權」。A/59/2005。<http://www.un.org/chinese/largerfreedom/part5.htm>
    第58屆大會。「我們人民：公民社會、聯合國和全球施政」。A/58/817。
    第59屆大會。「秘書長關於聯合國與公民社會關係知名人士小組報告的報告」。A/59/354。
    第61屆大會。「2006-2007兩年期方案預算--基本建設總計畫執行情況第四次年度進展報告」。A/61/595。
    聯合國系統和公民社會——實踐做法彙編和分析。2003年5月。<http://www.un.org/chinese/reform/panel/introduction.htm>
    （四）網路資料
    左正東。〈從突尼斯到雅典：網路治理的未來〉。2005年11月30日。
    <http://ianewswatch.twnic.net.tw/twnic_php/showmon.php?id=2005113001>
    李曉陽。〈世界資訊社會高峰會 討論縮減數位落差〉。財團法人台灣網路資訊中心電子報，第25期，2004年1月1日。<http://www.myhome.net.tw/2004_01/web/main3.htm>
    林文程。〈方法論－社會科學研究方法〉。
    <http://ics.nccu.edu.tw/document/newsletter/05_04.pdf>
    卓向榮。〈ICANN V.S. WSIS〉。
    <http://www.nii.org.tw/arti_content.asp?id=7 >
    國際紅十字會組織簡介。
    <http://www.icrc.ch/web/CHI/sitechi0.nsf/htmlall/section_discover_the_icrc?OpenDocument>
    陳麗瑛。〈全球化之客家NGOs連結〉。
    <www.ihakka.net/hakka2003/Big5/word/13.doc>
    葉心慧。〈人道、紅十字〉。《經典》，七月號，2007年。
    <http://taipei.tzuchi.org.tw/rhythms/magazine/content/88/icrc.htm>
    趙文衡，〈APEC與兩岸的合作與競爭〉，《APEC與兩岸關係發展之研究》，李瓊莉、徐遵慈編，（台北：APEC硏究中心，2001年）<http://www.globalpes.com/APEC/APECandcrossstrait.htm>
    二、英文部份
    （一）專書
    Arts, Bas, Math Noortmann and Bob Reinalda, eds. Non-State Actors in International Relations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001
    Bendell, Jem. Debating NGO Accountability. United Nations, New York: NGLS, 2006.
    Bernhardt, Rudolf ed. Encyclopedia of Public International Law. New York:
    Elevier Science, 1995.
    Boli, John, and George M. Thomas. Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875. Standford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
    Fitzduff, Mari, and Cheyanne Church, eds. NGOs at the Table-Strategies for Influencing Policies in Areas of Conflict. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
    Fox, Jonathan A. and David Brown, eds. The Struggle for Accountability: the World Bank, NGOs, and Grassroots Movements. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998
    Garner, Bryan A. ed. Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th ed. Minnesota: West, 1999.
    Giddens, Anthony. The Third Way: the Renewal of Social Democracy. Malden: Polity Press, 1998.
    Glasius, Marlies, Mary Kaldor and Helmut Anheier, eds. Global Civil Society 2002. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
    Glasius, Marlies, Mary Kaldor and Helmut Anheier, eds. Global Civil Society 2005/6. London: SAGE, 2006.
    Hulme, David, and Michael Edwards, eds. NGOs, States and Donors: Too Close for Comfort? New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1997.
    Keck, Margaret, and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists beyond Borders: advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.
    Nye, Joseph S. and John D. Donhue, eds. Governance in a Globalizing World.
    Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2000
    Pentikäinen, Antti. Creating Global Governance. Helsinki: Finnish UN Association, 2000.
    Weiss, Thomas G. and Leon Gordenker. NGOs ,The UN, & Global Governance. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1996.
    Willetts, Peter, ed. The Conscience of the World: The Influence of Non-Governmental Organizations in the UN System. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 1996.
    Yearbook of International Organization. Brussels: Union of International Associations 1996/1997.
    （二）期刊論文
    Alger, Chadwick, F. “The Emerging Roles of NGOs in the UN System: From Article 71 to a People’s Millennium Assembly.” Global Governance 8 (January-March 2002): 97-113.
    Alger, Chadwick, F. ”Evolving Roles of NGOs in Member State Decision-Making in the UN System.” Journal of Human Rights 2 (September 2003): 407-424.
    Alger, Chadwick, F. ”Strengthening Relations between NGOs and the UN System: toward a Research Agenda.” Global Society 13 (October 1999): 393-409.
    Aston, Jurij Daniel. “The United Nations Committee on Non-governmental Organizations: Guarding the Entrance to a Politically Divided House.” European Journal of International Law 12 (December 2001): 943-962.
    Blackhurst, Richard. “The Future of the WTO: Some Comments on the Sutherland Report.” World Trade Review 4 (November 2005): 379-389.
    Brooks, Christopher. “Faction in Movement: The Impact of Inclusivity on the Anti-Globalization Movements.” Social Science Quarterly 85 (September 2004): 559-577.
    Caruso, Giuseppe “Conflict management and hegemonic practices in the World Social Forum 2004.” International Social Science Journal 56 (December 2004): 577-589.
    Charnovitz, Steve. “The Emergence of Democratic Participation in Global Governance(Paris, 1919).” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 10 (Winter 2003): 45-77.
    描述: 碩士
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