政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/31396

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/31396

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政大機構典藏 > 國際事務學院 > 外交學系 > 學位論文 > Item 140.119/31396

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题名:	美國用兵索馬利亞(1992-1994年):媒體與民意之研究
作者:	陳玉芝 Chen Yu-chih
贡献者:	張亞中陳玉芝 Chen Yu-chih
关键词:	索馬利亞恢復希望行動美國外交政策民意媒體
日期:	2001
上传时间:	2009-09-14 10:07:01 (UTC+8)
摘要:	摘要美國在國際社會中所扮演的角色，因世局的變動而轉移，由立國之初的孤立主義到積極參與國際事務，而今更躍居自由世界的領導地位，因此美國外交政策的動向自為世人所關切。而影響美國外交政策的因素很多，如民意輿論、利益團體、政黨、行政部門、國會、大眾播媒體、總統聲望等等。在美國民主自由開放的國家，大眾傳播媒體對外交政策的影響，更隨著資訊事業的蓬勃發展而加重其份量，大眾傳播媒體如何正確地向人民報導政府的外交政策，又如何將民意反映於外交政策上是一重要的工作責任。在美國外交政策制定中，大眾傳播媒體尤其有舉足輕重的影響力，因而使得民意在何種條件下，會支持或不支持行政當局的因素，在決策者做決策時倍受重視。本研究認為，在美國未來的維持和平與人道干涉行動中，民意所扮演的角色是必要受到限制的。民意對於國際事件反應的主要來源，基本上消息是來自電視媒體，如果民眾持續對國際危機的反應，主要根據影像的傳送，則民眾的反應中只有純粹的情緒層次，而欠缺對於美國執行危機任務其中複雜與危險全盤的理性了解。在美國以民為本的民主社會中，民意對於外交決策佔有相當的影響力，政府中的決策人士亦重視民意與輿論，在民意不支持甚至反對行政當局的情況之下，容易造成美軍草率的撤軍，使任務失敗，例如此次的索馬利亞恢復希望行動（Operation Restore Hope），便可以由本論文印證。近年來，學術界有許多不同的論證探討了美國未來人道干涉的角色，但本研究著重在「探討民意與美國海外用兵兩者間的關係」，重點在研究索馬利亞個案（1992-1994）。且必須回顧美國先前的海外用兵經驗，其中最值得借鏡的是「越戰」與「波斯灣戰爭」。戰爭後期在國內輿論大力反戰的聲浪中結束的越戰，行政當局記取了在越戰的慘痛教訓，對未來美國處理海外用兵時的新聞媒體表現，予以管理，故在爾後的波斯灣戰爭中，便對當前影響民意最巨的新聞媒體，實行新聞檢查制度。儘管美國涉入各個海外危機的理由各不相同，但行政當局與媒體和民意之間的關係，必須有良好的溝通，不但有利於軍事任務的成功達成，且可以成為一個可供日後處理海外危機的依據。
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描述:	碩士國立政治大學外交研究所 87253012 90
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